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JsonWebKey.cs
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JsonWebKey.cs
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// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
using Azure.Core;
namespace Azure.Security.KeyVault.Keys
{
/// <summary>
/// A JSON Web Key (JWK) is a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) data
/// structure that represents a cryptographic key.
/// For more information, see <see href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-jose-json-web-key-18">JSON Web Key (JWK)</see>.
/// </summary>
[JsonConverter(typeof(JsonWebKeyConverter))]
public class JsonWebKey : IJsonDeserializable, IJsonSerializable
{
private const string KeyIdPropertyName = "kid";
private const string KeyTypePropertyName = "kty";
private const string KeyOpsPropertyName = "key_ops";
private const string CurveNamePropertyName = "crv";
private const string NPropertyName = "n";
private const string EPropertyName = "e";
private const string DPPropertyName = "dp";
private const string DQPropertyName = "dq";
private const string QIPropertyName = "qi";
private const string PPropertyName = "p";
private const string QPropertyName = "q";
private const string XPropertyName = "x";
private const string YPropertyName = "y";
private const string DPropertyName = "d";
private const string KPropertyName = "k";
private const string TPropertyName = "key_hsm";
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_keyIdPropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(KeyIdPropertyName);
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_keyTypePropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(KeyTypePropertyName);
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_keyOpsPropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(KeyOpsPropertyName);
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_curveNamePropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(CurveNamePropertyName);
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_nPropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(NPropertyName);
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_ePropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(EPropertyName);
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_dPPropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(DPPropertyName);
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_dQPropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(DQPropertyName);
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_qIPropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(QIPropertyName);
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_pPropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(PPropertyName);
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_qPropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(QPropertyName);
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_xPropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(XPropertyName);
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_yPropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(YPropertyName);
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_dPropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(DPropertyName);
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_kPropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(KPropertyName);
private static readonly JsonEncodedText s_tPropertyNameBytes = JsonEncodedText.Encode(TPropertyName);
private static readonly KeyOperation[] s_aesKeyOperation = { KeyOperation.Encrypt, KeyOperation.Decrypt, KeyOperation.WrapKey, KeyOperation.UnwrapKey };
private static readonly KeyOperation[] s_rSAPublicKeyOperation = { KeyOperation.Encrypt, KeyOperation.Verify, KeyOperation.WrapKey };
private static readonly KeyOperation[] s_rSAPrivateKeyOperation = { KeyOperation.Encrypt, KeyOperation.Decrypt, KeyOperation.Sign, KeyOperation.Verify, KeyOperation.WrapKey, KeyOperation.UnwrapKey };
private static readonly KeyOperation[] s_eCPublicKeyOperation = { KeyOperation.Sign };
private static readonly KeyOperation[] s_eCPrivateKeyOperation = { KeyOperation.Sign, KeyOperation.Verify };
private readonly IList<KeyOperation> _keyOps;
/// <summary>
/// Gets the identifier of the key. This is not limited to a <see cref="Uri"/>.
/// </summary>
public string Id { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets the <see cref="KeyType"/> for this <see cref="JsonWebKey"/>.
/// </summary>
public KeyType KeyType { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets a list of <see cref="KeyOperation"/> values supported by this key.
/// </summary>
public IReadOnlyCollection<KeyOperation> KeyOps { get; }
internal JsonWebKey() : this(null)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JsonWebKey"/> class with the given key operations.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="keyOps">
/// A list of supported <see cref="KeyOperation"/> values.
/// If null, no operations will be permitted and subsequent cryptography operations may fail.
/// </param>
public JsonWebKey(IEnumerable<KeyOperation> keyOps)
{
_keyOps = keyOps is null ? new List<KeyOperation>() : new List<KeyOperation>(keyOps);
KeyOps = new ReadOnlyCollection<KeyOperation>(_keyOps);
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JsonWebKey"/> class using type <see cref="KeyType.Oct"/>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="aesProvider">An <see cref="Aes"/> provider.</param>
/// <param name="keyOps">
/// Optional list of supported <see cref="KeyOperation"/> values. If null, the default for the key type is used, including:
/// <see cref="KeyOperation.Encrypt"/>, <see cref="KeyOperation.Decrypt"/>, <see cref="KeyOperation.WrapKey"/>, and <see cref="KeyOperation.UnwrapKey"/>.
/// </param>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="aesProvider"/> is null.</exception>
public JsonWebKey(Aes aesProvider, IEnumerable<KeyOperation> keyOps = default)
{
Argument.AssertNotNull(aesProvider, nameof(aesProvider));
_keyOps = new List<KeyOperation>(keyOps ?? s_aesKeyOperation);
KeyOps = new ReadOnlyCollection<KeyOperation>(_keyOps);
KeyType = KeyType.Oct;
K = aesProvider.Key;
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JsonWebKey"/> class using type <see cref="KeyType.Ec"/>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ecdsa">An <see cref="ECDsa"/> provider.</param>
/// <param name="includePrivateParameters">Whether to include the private key.</param>
/// <param name="keyOps">
/// Optional list of supported <see cref="KeyOperation"/> values. If null, the default for the key type is used, including:
/// <see cref="KeyOperation.Sign"/>, and <see cref="KeyOperation.Decrypt"/> if <paramref name="includePrivateParameters"/> is true.
/// </param>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="ecdsa"/> is null.</exception>
/// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The elliptic curve name is invalid.</exception>
public JsonWebKey(ECDsa ecdsa, bool includePrivateParameters = default, IEnumerable<KeyOperation> keyOps = default)
{
Argument.AssertNotNull(ecdsa, nameof(ecdsa));
_keyOps = new List<KeyOperation>(keyOps ?? (includePrivateParameters ? s_eCPrivateKeyOperation : s_eCPublicKeyOperation));
KeyOps = new ReadOnlyCollection<KeyOperation>(_keyOps);
Initialize(ecdsa, includePrivateParameters);
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JsonWebKey"/> class using type <see cref="KeyType.Rsa"/>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rsaProvider">An <see cref="RSA"/> provider.</param>
/// <param name="includePrivateParameters">Whether to include the private key.</param>
/// <param name="keyOps">
/// Optional list of supported <see cref="KeyOperation"/> values. If null, the default for the key type is used, including:
/// <see cref="KeyOperation.Encrypt"/>, <see cref="KeyOperation.Verify"/>, and <see cref="KeyOperation.WrapKey"/>;
/// and <see cref="KeyOperation.Decrypt"/>, <see cref="KeyOperation.Sign"/>, and <see cref="KeyOperation.UnwrapKey"/> if <paramref name="includePrivateParameters"/> is true.
/// </param>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="rsaProvider"/> is null.</exception>
public JsonWebKey(RSA rsaProvider, bool includePrivateParameters = default, IEnumerable<KeyOperation> keyOps = default)
{
Argument.AssertNotNull(rsaProvider, nameof(rsaProvider));
_keyOps = new List<KeyOperation>(keyOps ?? (includePrivateParameters ? s_rSAPrivateKeyOperation : s_rSAPublicKeyOperation));
KeyOps = new ReadOnlyCollection<KeyOperation>(_keyOps);
KeyType = KeyType.Rsa;
RSAParameters rsaParameters = rsaProvider.ExportParameters(includePrivateParameters);
E = rsaParameters.Exponent;
N = rsaParameters.Modulus;
D = rsaParameters.D;
DP = rsaParameters.DP;
DQ = rsaParameters.DQ;
P = rsaParameters.P;
Q = rsaParameters.Q;
QI = rsaParameters.InverseQ;
}
#region RSA Public Key Parameters
/// <summary>
/// Gets the RSA modulus.
/// </summary>
public byte[] N { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets RSA public exponent.
/// </summary>
public byte[] E { get; set; }
#endregion
#region RSA Private Key Parameters
/// <summary>
/// Gets the RSA private key parameter.
/// </summary>
public byte[] DP { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets the RSA private key parameter.
/// </summary>
public byte[] DQ { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets the RSA private key parameter.
/// </summary>
public byte[] QI { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets the RSA secret prime.
/// </summary>
public byte[] P { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets the RSA secret prime.
/// </summary>
public byte[] Q { get; set; }
#endregion
#region EC Public Key Parameters
/// <summary>
/// Gets the name of the elliptical curve.
/// </summary>
public KeyCurveName? CurveName { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets the X coordinate of the elliptic curve point.
/// </summary>
public byte[] X { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets the Y coordinate for the elliptic curve point.
/// </summary>
public byte[] Y { get; set; }
#endregion
#region EC and RSA Private Key Parameters
/// <summary>
/// Gets the RSA private exponent or EC private key.
/// </summary>
public byte[] D { get; set; }
#endregion
#region Symmetric Key Parameters
/// <summary>
/// Gets the symmetric key.
/// </summary>
public byte[] K { get; set; }
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// Gets the protected key used with "Bring Your Own Key".
/// </summary>
public byte[] T { get; set; }
internal bool HasPrivateKey
{
get
{
if (KeyType == KeyType.Rsa || KeyType == KeyType.Ec || KeyType == KeyType.RsaHsm || KeyType == KeyType.EcHsm)
{
return D != null;
}
if (KeyType == KeyType.Oct || KeyType == KeyType.OctHsm)
{
return K != null;
}
return false;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts this <see cref="JsonWebKey"/> of type <see cref="KeyType.Oct"/> or <see cref="KeyType.OctHsm"/> to an <see cref="Aes"/> object.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>An <see cref="Aes"/> object.</returns>
/// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">This key is not of type <see cref="KeyType.Oct"/> or <see cref="K"/> is null.</exception>
public Aes ToAes()
{
if (KeyType != KeyType.Oct && KeyType != KeyType.OctHsm)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"key is not an {nameof(KeyType.Oct)} or {nameof(KeyType.OctHsm)} type");
}
if (K is null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("key does not contain a value");
}
Aes key = Aes.Create();
key.Key = K;
return key;
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts this <see cref="JsonWebKey"/> of type <see cref="KeyType.Ec"/> or <see cref="KeyType.EcHsm"/> to an <see cref="ECDsa"/> object.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="includePrivateParameters">Whether to include private parameters.</param>
/// <returns>An <see cref="ECDsa"/> object.</returns>
/// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">This key is not of type <see cref="KeyType.Ec"/> or <see cref="KeyType.EcHsm"/>, or one or more key parameters are invalid.</exception>
public ECDsa ToECDsa(bool includePrivateParameters = false) => ToECDsa(includePrivateParameters, true);
internal ECDsa ToECDsa(bool includePrivateParameters, bool throwIfNotSupported)
{
if (KeyType != KeyType.Ec && KeyType != KeyType.EcHsm)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"key is not an {nameof(KeyType.Ec)} or {nameof(KeyType.EcHsm)} type");
}
ValidateKeyParameter(nameof(X), X);
ValidateKeyParameter(nameof(Y), Y);
return Convert(includePrivateParameters, throwIfNotSupported);
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts this <see cref="JsonWebKey"/> of type <see cref="KeyType.Rsa"/> or <see cref="KeyType.RsaHsm"/> to an <see cref="RSA"/> object.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="includePrivateParameters">Whether to include private parameters.</param>
/// <returns>An <see cref="RSA"/> object.</returns>
/// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">This key is not of type <see cref="KeyType.Rsa"/> or <see cref="KeyType.RsaHsm"/>, or one or more key parameters are invalid.</exception>
public RSA ToRSA(bool includePrivateParameters = false)
{
if (KeyType != KeyType.Rsa && KeyType != KeyType.RsaHsm)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"key is not an {nameof(KeyType.Rsa)} or {nameof(KeyType.RsaHsm)} type");
}
ValidateKeyParameter(nameof(E), E);
ValidateKeyParameter(nameof(N), N);
// Key parameter length requirements defined by 2.2.2.9.1 RSA Private Key BLOB specification: https://docs.microsoft.com/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-wcce/5cf2e6b9-3195-4f85-bc18-05b50e6d4e11
var rsaParameters = new RSAParameters
{
Exponent = E,
Modulus = TrimBuffer(N),
};
if (includePrivateParameters && HasPrivateKey)
{
int byteLength = rsaParameters.Modulus.Length;
rsaParameters.D = ForceBufferLength(nameof(D), D, byteLength);
byteLength >>= 1;
rsaParameters.DP = ForceBufferLength(nameof(DP), DP, byteLength);
rsaParameters.DQ = ForceBufferLength(nameof(DQ), DQ, byteLength);
rsaParameters.P = ForceBufferLength(nameof(P), P, byteLength);
rsaParameters.Q = ForceBufferLength(nameof(Q), Q, byteLength);
rsaParameters.InverseQ = ForceBufferLength(nameof(QI), QI, byteLength);
}
return CreateRSAProvider(rsaParameters);
}
internal bool SupportsOperation(KeyOperation operation)
{
if (KeyOps != null)
{
for (int i = 0; i < KeyOps.Count; ++i)
{
if (_keyOps[i] == operation)
{
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
internal void ReadProperties(JsonElement json)
{
foreach (JsonProperty prop in json.EnumerateObject())
{
switch (prop.Name)
{
case KeyIdPropertyName:
Id = prop.Value.GetString();
break;
case KeyTypePropertyName:
KeyType = prop.Value.GetString();
break;
case KeyOpsPropertyName:
foreach (JsonElement element in prop.Value.EnumerateArray())
{
_keyOps.Add(element.ToString());
}
break;
case CurveNamePropertyName:
CurveName = prop.Value.GetString();
break;
case NPropertyName:
N = Base64Url.Decode(prop.Value.GetString());
break;
case EPropertyName:
E = Base64Url.Decode(prop.Value.GetString());
break;
case DPPropertyName:
DP = Base64Url.Decode(prop.Value.GetString());
break;
case DQPropertyName:
DQ = Base64Url.Decode(prop.Value.GetString());
break;
case QIPropertyName:
QI = Base64Url.Decode(prop.Value.GetString());
break;
case PPropertyName:
P = Base64Url.Decode(prop.Value.GetString());
break;
case QPropertyName:
Q = Base64Url.Decode(prop.Value.GetString());
break;
case XPropertyName:
X = Base64Url.Decode(prop.Value.GetString());
break;
case YPropertyName:
Y = Base64Url.Decode(prop.Value.GetString());
break;
case DPropertyName:
D = Base64Url.Decode(prop.Value.GetString());
break;
case KPropertyName:
K = Base64Url.Decode(prop.Value.GetString());
break;
case TPropertyName:
T = Base64Url.Decode(prop.Value.GetString());
break;
}
}
}
internal void WriteProperties(Utf8JsonWriter json, bool withId = false)
{
if (Id != null && withId)
{
json.WriteString(s_keyIdPropertyNameBytes, Id);
}
if (KeyType != default)
{
json.WriteString(s_keyTypePropertyNameBytes, KeyType.ToString());
}
if (KeyOps != null)
{
json.WriteStartArray(s_keyOpsPropertyNameBytes);
foreach (KeyOperation operation in KeyOps)
{
json.WriteStringValue(operation.ToString());
}
json.WriteEndArray();
}
if (CurveName.HasValue)
{
json.WriteString(s_curveNamePropertyNameBytes, CurveName.Value.ToString());
}
if (N != null)
{
json.WriteString(s_nPropertyNameBytes, Base64Url.Encode(N));
}
if (E != null)
{
json.WriteString(s_ePropertyNameBytes, Base64Url.Encode(E));
}
if (DP != null)
{
json.WriteString(s_dPPropertyNameBytes, Base64Url.Encode(DP));
}
if (DQ != null)
{
json.WriteString(s_dQPropertyNameBytes, Base64Url.Encode(DQ));
}
if (QI != null)
{
json.WriteString(s_qIPropertyNameBytes, Base64Url.Encode(QI));
}
if (P != null)
{
json.WriteString(s_pPropertyNameBytes, Base64Url.Encode(P));
}
if (Q != null)
{
json.WriteString(s_qPropertyNameBytes, Base64Url.Encode(Q));
}
if (X != null)
{
json.WriteString(s_xPropertyNameBytes, Base64Url.Encode(X));
}
if (Y != null)
{
json.WriteString(s_yPropertyNameBytes, Base64Url.Encode(Y));
}
if (D != null)
{
json.WriteString(s_dPropertyNameBytes, Base64Url.Encode(D));
}
if (K != null)
{
json.WriteString(s_kPropertyNameBytes, Base64Url.Encode(K));
}
if (T != null)
{
json.WriteString(s_tPropertyNameBytes, Base64Url.Encode(T));
}
}
void IJsonDeserializable.ReadProperties(JsonElement json) => ReadProperties(json);
void IJsonSerializable.WriteProperties(Utf8JsonWriter json) => WriteProperties(json);
private static Func<RSAParameters, RSA> s_rsaFactory;
private static RSA CreateRSAProvider(RSAParameters parameters)
{
if (s_rsaFactory is null)
{
// On Framework 4.7.2 and newer, to create the CNG implementation of RSA that supports RSA-OAEP-256, we need to create it with RSAParameters.
MethodInfo createMethod = typeof(RSA).GetMethod(nameof(RSA.Create), BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static, null, new[] { typeof(RSAParameters) }, null);
if (createMethod != null)
{
s_rsaFactory = (Func<RSAParameters, RSA>)createMethod.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<RSAParameters, RSA>));
}
else
{
s_rsaFactory = p =>
{
// On Framework, this will not support RSA-OAEP-256 padding.
RSA rsa = RSA.Create();
rsa.ImportParameters(parameters);
return rsa;
};
}
}
return s_rsaFactory(parameters);
}
private static byte[] ForceBufferLength(string name, byte[] value, int requiredLengthInBytes)
{
if (value is null || value.Length == 0)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"key parameter {name} is null or empty");
}
if (value.Length == requiredLengthInBytes)
{
return value;
}
if (value.Length < requiredLengthInBytes)
{
byte[] padded = new byte[requiredLengthInBytes];
Array.Copy(value, 0, padded, requiredLengthInBytes - value.Length, value.Length);
return padded;
}
// Throw if any extra bytes are non-zero.
var extraLength = value.Length - requiredLengthInBytes;
for (int i = 0; i < extraLength; ++i)
{
if (value[i] != 0)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"key parameter {name} is too long: expected at most {requiredLengthInBytes} bytes, but found {value.Length - i} bytes");
}
}
byte[] trimmed = new byte[requiredLengthInBytes];
Array.Copy(value, value.Length - requiredLengthInBytes, trimmed, 0, requiredLengthInBytes);
return trimmed;
}
private static readonly byte[] s_zeroBuffer = new byte[] { 0 };
private static byte[] TrimBuffer(byte[] value)
{
if (value is null || value.Length <= 1 || value[0] != 0)
{
return value;
}
for (int i = 1; i < value.Length; ++i)
{
if (value[i] != 0)
{
var trimmed = new byte[value.Length - i];
Array.Copy(value, i, trimmed, 0, trimmed.Length);
return trimmed;
}
}
return s_zeroBuffer;
}
private static void ValidateKeyParameter(string name, byte[] value)
{
if (value != null)
{
for (int i = 0; i < value.Length; ++i)
{
if (value[i] != 0)
{
return;
}
}
}
throw new InvalidOperationException($"key parameter {name} is null or zeros");
}
// ECParameters is defined in netstandard2.0 but not net461 (introduced in net47). Separate method with no inlining to prevent TypeLoadException on net461.
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
private void Initialize(ECDsa ecdsa, bool includePrivateParameters)
{
KeyType = KeyType.Ec;
ECParameters ecParameters = ecdsa.ExportParameters(includePrivateParameters);
CurveName = KeyCurveName.FromOid(ecParameters.Curve.Oid, ecdsa.KeySize).ToString() ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("elliptic curve name is invalid");
D = ecParameters.D;
X = ecParameters.Q.X;
Y = ecParameters.Q.Y;
}
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
private ECDsa Convert(bool includePrivateParameters, bool throwIfNotSupported)
{
if (!CurveName.HasValue)
{
if (throwIfNotSupported)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("missing required curve name");
}
return null;
}
KeyCurveName curveName = CurveName.Value;
int requiredParameterSize = curveName.KeyParameterSize;
if (requiredParameterSize <= 0)
{
if (throwIfNotSupported)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"invalid curve name: {CurveName.ToString()}");
}
return null;
}
ECParameters ecParameters = new ECParameters
{
Curve = ECCurve.CreateFromOid(curveName.Oid),
Q = new ECPoint
{
X = ForceBufferLength(nameof(X), X, requiredParameterSize),
Y = ForceBufferLength(nameof(Y), Y, requiredParameterSize),
},
};
if (includePrivateParameters && HasPrivateKey)
{
ecParameters.D = ForceBufferLength(nameof(D), D, requiredParameterSize);
}
ECDsa ecdsa = ECDsa.Create();
try
{
ecdsa.ImportParameters(ecParameters);
}
catch when (!throwIfNotSupported)
{
ecdsa.Dispose();
return null;
}
return ecdsa;
}
}
}