AssemblyPatcher.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using BepInEx.Bootstrap;
using BepInEx.Configuration;
using BepInEx.Logging;
using BepInEx.Preloader.RuntimeFixes;
using Mono.Cecil;

namespace BepInEx.Preloader.Patching
{
	/// <summary>
	///     Delegate used in patching assemblies.
	/// </summary>
	/// <param name="assembly">The assembly that is being patched.</param>
	public delegate void AssemblyPatcherDelegate(ref AssemblyDefinition assembly);

	/// <summary>
	///     Worker class which is used for loading and patching entire folders of assemblies, or alternatively patching and
	///     loading assemblies one at a time.
	/// </summary>
	public static class AssemblyPatcher
	{
		private const BindingFlags ALL = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.IgnoreCase;

		/// <summary>
		/// List of all patcher plugins to be applied
		/// </summary>
		public static List<PatcherPlugin> PatcherPlugins { get; } = new List<PatcherPlugin>();

		private static readonly string DumpedAssembliesPath = Path.Combine(Paths.BepInExRootPath, "DumpedAssemblies");

		/// <summary>
		///     Adds a single assembly patcher to the pool of applicable patches.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="patcher">Patcher to apply.</param>
		public static void AddPatcher(PatcherPlugin patcher)
		{
			PatcherPlugins.Add(patcher);
		}

		private static T CreateDelegate<T>(MethodInfo method) where T : class => method != null ? Delegate.CreateDelegate(typeof(T), method) as T : null;

		private static PatcherPlugin ToPatcherPlugin(TypeDefinition type)
		{
			if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract && !type.IsSealed)
				return null;

			var targetDlls = type.Methods.FirstOrDefault(m => m.Name.Equals("get_TargetDLLs", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) &&
															  m.IsPublic &&
															  m.IsStatic);

			if (targetDlls == null ||
				targetDlls.ReturnType.FullName != "System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1<System.String>")
				return null;

			var patch = type.Methods.FirstOrDefault(m => m.Name.Equals("Patch") &&
														 m.IsPublic &&
														 m.IsStatic &&
														 m.ReturnType.FullName == "System.Void" &&
														 m.Parameters.Count == 1 &&
														 (m.Parameters[0].ParameterType.FullName == "Mono.Cecil.AssemblyDefinition&" ||
														  m.Parameters[0].ParameterType.FullName == "Mono.Cecil.AssemblyDefinition"));

			if (patch == null)
				return null;

			return new PatcherPlugin
			{
				TypeName = type.FullName
			};
		}

		/// <summary>
		///     Adds all patchers from all managed assemblies specified in a directory.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="directory">Directory to search patcher DLLs from.</param>
		public static void AddPatchersFromDirectory(string directory)
		{
			if (!Directory.Exists(directory))
				return;

			var sortedPatchers = new SortedDictionary<string, PatcherPlugin>();

			var patchers = TypeLoader.FindPluginTypes(directory, ToPatcherPlugin);

			foreach (var keyValuePair in patchers)
			{
				var assemblyPath = keyValuePair.Key;
				var patcherCollection = keyValuePair.Value;

				if(patcherCollection.Count == 0)
					continue;

				var ass = Assembly.LoadFile(assemblyPath);

				foreach (var patcherPlugin in patcherCollection)
				{
					try
					{
						var type = ass.GetType(patcherPlugin.TypeName);

						var methods = type.GetMethods(ALL);

						patcherPlugin.Initializer = CreateDelegate<Action>(methods.FirstOrDefault(m => m.Name.Equals("Initialize", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) &&
																									   m.GetParameters().Length == 0 &&
																									   m.ReturnType == typeof(void)));

						patcherPlugin.Finalizer = CreateDelegate<Action>(methods.FirstOrDefault(m => m.Name.Equals("Finish", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) &&
																									 m.GetParameters().Length == 0 &&
																									 m.ReturnType == typeof(void)));

						patcherPlugin.TargetDLLs = CreateDelegate<Func<IEnumerable<string>>>(type.GetProperty("TargetDLLs", ALL).GetGetMethod());

						var patcher = methods.FirstOrDefault(m => m.Name.Equals("Patch", StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase) &&
																  m.ReturnType == typeof(void) &&
																  m.GetParameters().Length == 1 &&
																  (m.GetParameters()[0].ParameterType == typeof(AssemblyDefinition) ||
																   m.GetParameters()[0].ParameterType == typeof(AssemblyDefinition).MakeByRefType()));

						patcherPlugin.Patcher = (ref AssemblyDefinition pAss) =>
						{
							//we do the array fuckery here to get the ref result out
							object[] args = { pAss };

							patcher.Invoke(null, args);

							pAss = (AssemblyDefinition)args[0];
						};

						sortedPatchers.Add($"{ass.GetName().Name}/{type.FullName}", patcherPlugin);
					}
					catch (Exception e)
					{
						Logger.LogError($"Failed to load patcher [{patcherPlugin.TypeName}]: {e.Message}");
						if (e is ReflectionTypeLoadException re)
							Logger.LogDebug(TypeLoader.TypeLoadExceptionToString(re));
						else
							Logger.LogDebug(e.ToString());
					}
				}

				Logger.Log(patcherCollection.Any() ? LogLevel.Info : LogLevel.Debug,
					$"Loaded {patcherCollection.Count} patcher methods from {ass.GetName().FullName}");
			}

			foreach (KeyValuePair<string, PatcherPlugin> patcher in sortedPatchers)
				AddPatcher(patcher.Value);
		}

		private static void InitializePatchers()
		{
			foreach (var assemblyPatcher in PatcherPlugins)
			{
				try
				{
					assemblyPatcher.Initializer?.Invoke();
				}
				catch (Exception e)
				{
					Logger.LogError($"Failed to run Initializer of {assemblyPatcher.TypeName}: {e}");
				}
			}
		}

		private static void FinalizePatching()
		{
			foreach (var assemblyPatcher in PatcherPlugins)
			{
				try
				{
					assemblyPatcher.Finalizer?.Invoke();
				}
				catch (Exception e)
				{
					Logger.LogError($"Failed to run Finalizer of {assemblyPatcher.TypeName}: {e}");
				}
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		///     Releases all patchers to let them be collected by GC.
		/// </summary>
		public static void DisposePatchers()
		{
			PatcherPlugins.Clear();
		}

		private static string GetAssemblyName(string fullName)
		{
			// We need to manually parse full name to avoid issues with encoding on mono
			try
			{
				return new AssemblyName(fullName).Name;
			}
			catch (Exception)
			{
				return fullName;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		///     Applies patchers to all assemblies in the given directory and loads patched assemblies into memory.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="directory">Directory to load CLR assemblies from.</param>
		public static void PatchAndLoad(string directory)
		{
			// First, load patchable assemblies into Cecil
			// Ignore case for keys (dll filenames) to account for running on *nix
			var assemblies = new Dictionary<string, AssemblyDefinition>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);

			foreach (string assemblyPath in Directory.GetFiles(directory, "*.dll"))
			{
				AssemblyDefinition assembly;

				try
				{
					assembly = AssemblyDefinition.ReadAssembly(assemblyPath);
				}
				catch (BadImageFormatException)
				{
					// Not a managed assembly, skip
					continue;
				}

				//NOTE: this is special case here because the dependency handling for System.dll is a bit wonky
				//System has an assembly reference to itself, and it also has a reference to Mono.Security causing a circular dependency
				//It's also generally dangerous to change system.dll since so many things rely on it, 
				// and it's already loaded into the appdomain since this loader references it, so we might as well skip it
				if (assembly.Name.Name == "System" || assembly.Name.Name == "mscorlib") //mscorlib is already loaded into the appdomain so it can't be patched
				{
					assembly.Dispose();
					continue;
				}

				if (UnityPatches.AssemblyLocations.ContainsKey(assembly.FullName))
				{
					Logger.LogWarning($"Tried to load duplicate assembly {Path.GetFileName(assemblyPath)} from Managed folder! Skipping...");
					continue;
				}

				assemblies.Add(Path.GetFileName(assemblyPath), assembly);
				UnityPatches.AssemblyLocations.Add(assembly.FullName, Path.GetFullPath(assemblyPath));
			}

			// Next, initialize all the patchers
			InitializePatchers();

			// Then, perform the actual patching
			var patchedAssemblies = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);
			var resolvedAssemblies = new Dictionary<string, string>();
			// TODO: Maybe instead reload the assembly and repatch with other valid patchers?
			var invalidAssemblies = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);
			foreach (var assemblyPatcher in PatcherPlugins)
				foreach (string targetDll in assemblyPatcher.TargetDLLs())
					if (assemblies.TryGetValue(targetDll, out var assembly) && !invalidAssemblies.Contains(targetDll))
					{
						Logger.LogInfo($"Patching [{assembly.Name.Name}] with [{assemblyPatcher.TypeName}]");

						try
						{
							assemblyPatcher.Patcher?.Invoke(ref assembly);
						}
						catch (Exception e)
						{
							Logger.LogError($"Failed to run [{assemblyPatcher.TypeName}] when patching [{assembly.Name.Name}]. This assembly will not be patched. Error: {e}");
							patchedAssemblies.Remove(targetDll);
							invalidAssemblies.Add(targetDll);
							continue;
						}
						
						assemblies[targetDll] = assembly;
						patchedAssemblies.Add(targetDll);

						foreach (var resolvedAss in AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies())
						{
							var name = GetAssemblyName(resolvedAss.FullName);
							// Report only the first type that caused the assembly to load, because any subsequent ones can be false positives
							if (!resolvedAssemblies.ContainsKey(name))
								resolvedAssemblies[name] = assemblyPatcher.TypeName;
						}
					}

			// Check if any patched assemblies have been already resolved by the CLR
			// If there are any, they cannot be loaded by the preloader
			var patchedAssemblyNames = new HashSet<string>(assemblies.Where(kv => patchedAssemblies.Contains(kv.Key)).Select(kv => kv.Value.Name.Name), StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);
			var earlyLoadAssemblies = resolvedAssemblies.Where(kv => patchedAssemblyNames.Contains(kv.Key)).ToList();

			if (earlyLoadAssemblies.Count != 0)
			{
				Logger.LogWarning(new StringBuilder()
								 .AppendLine("The following assemblies have been loaded too early and will not be patched by preloader:")
								 .AppendLine(string.Join(Environment.NewLine, earlyLoadAssemblies.Select(kv => $"* [{kv.Key}] (first loaded by [{kv.Value}])").ToArray()))
								 .AppendLine("Expect unexpected behavior and issues with plugins and patchers not being loaded.")
								 .ToString());
			}

			// Finally, load patched assemblies into memory
			if (ConfigDumpAssemblies.Value || ConfigLoadDumpedAssemblies.Value)
			{
				if (!Directory.Exists(DumpedAssembliesPath))
					Directory.CreateDirectory(DumpedAssembliesPath);

				foreach (KeyValuePair<string, AssemblyDefinition> kv in assemblies)
				{
					string filename = kv.Key;
					var assembly = kv.Value;

					if (patchedAssemblies.Contains(filename))
						assembly.Write(Path.Combine(DumpedAssembliesPath, filename));
				}
			}

			if (ConfigBreakBeforeLoadAssemblies.Value)
			{
				Logger.LogInfo($"BepInEx is about load the following assemblies:\n{String.Join("\n", patchedAssemblies.ToArray())}");
				Logger.LogInfo($"The assemblies were dumped into {DumpedAssembliesPath}");
				Logger.LogInfo("Load any assemblies into the debugger, set breakpoints and continue execution.");
				Debugger.Break();
			}

			foreach (var kv in assemblies)
			{
				string filename = kv.Key;
				var assembly = kv.Value;

				// Note that since we only *load* assemblies, they shouldn't trigger dependency loading
				// Not loading all assemblies is very important not only because of memory reasons,
				// but because some games *rely* on that because of messed up internal dependencies.
				if (patchedAssemblies.Contains(filename))
					Load(assembly, filename);

				// Though we have to dispose of all assemblies regardless of them being patched or not
				assembly.Dispose();
			}

			//run all finalizers
			FinalizePatching();
		}

		/// <summary>
		///     Loads an individual assembly definition into the CLR.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="assembly">The assembly to load.</param>
		/// <param name="filename">File name of the assembly being loaded.</param>
		public static void Load(AssemblyDefinition assembly, string filename)
		{
			if (ConfigLoadDumpedAssemblies.Value)
				Assembly.LoadFile(Path.Combine(DumpedAssembliesPath, filename));
			else
				using (var assemblyStream = new MemoryStream())
				{
					assembly.Write(assemblyStream);
					Assembly.Load(assemblyStream.ToArray());
				}
		}

		#region Config

		private static readonly ConfigEntry<bool> ConfigDumpAssemblies = ConfigFile.CoreConfig.Bind(
			"Preloader", "DumpAssemblies",
			false,
			"If enabled, BepInEx will save patched assemblies into BepInEx/DumpedAssemblies.\nThis can be used by developers to inspect and debug preloader patchers.");

		private static readonly ConfigEntry<bool> ConfigLoadDumpedAssemblies = ConfigFile.CoreConfig.Bind(
			"Preloader", "LoadDumpedAssemblies",
			false,
			"If enabled, BepInEx will load patched assemblies from BepInEx/DumpedAssemblies instead of memory.\nThis can be used to be able to load patched assemblies into debuggers like dnSpy.\nIf set to true, will override DumpAssemblies.");

		private static readonly ConfigEntry<bool> ConfigBreakBeforeLoadAssemblies = ConfigFile.CoreConfig.Bind(
			"Preloader", "BreakBeforeLoadAssemblies",
			false,
			"If enabled, BepInEx will call Debugger.Break() once before loading patched assemblies.\nThis can be used with debuggers like dnSpy to install breakpoints into patched assemblies before they are loaded.");

		#endregion
	}
}