A PHP library providing an implementation of the modified preorder tree traversal algorithm with support for multiindependent trees
MPTT is a fast algorithm for storing hierarchical data (like categories and their subcategories) in a relational database. This is a problem that most of us have had to deal with, and for which we've used an adjacency list, where each item in the table contains a pointer to its parent and where performance will naturally degrade with each level added as more queries need to be run in order to fetch a subtree of records.
The aim of the modified preorder tree traversal algorithm is to make retrieval operations very efficient. With it you can fetch an arbitrary subtree from the database using just two queries. The first one is for fetching details for the root node of the subtree, while the second one is for fetching all the children and grandchildren of the root node.
The tradeoff for this efficiency is that updating, deleting and inserting records is more expensive, as there's some extra work required to keep the tree structure in a good state at all times. Also, the modified preorder tree traversal approach is less intuitive than the adjacency list approach because of its algorithmic flavour.
For more information about the modified preorder tree traversal method, read this excellent article called Storing Hierarchical Data in a Database.
Mptt_MultiIndependentTree is a PHP library, derived from stefangabos' Zebra_Mptt, that provides an implementation of the modified preorder tree traversal algorithm making it easy to implement the MPTT algorithm in your PHP applications.
It provides multi independent tree methods for adding nodes anywhere in a tree, deleting nodes, moving and copying nodes around a tree and methods for retrieving various information about the nodes.
Mptt_Multiindependenttree uses table locks making sure that database integrity is always preserved and that concurrent MySQL sessions don't compromise data integrity. Also, Mptt_MultiIndependentTree uses a caching mechanism which has as result the fact that regardless of the type, or the number of retrieval operations, the database is read only once per script execution!
- Allow to use the same table to store independent trees, achieving faster operations on independent trees structures(ie: tree per client).
- provides methods for adding nodes anywhere in a tree, deleting nodes, moving and copying nodes around a tree and methods for retrieving various information about the nodes
- uses a caching mechanism which has as result the fact that regardless of the type, or the number of retrieval operations, the database is read only once per script execution
- uses transactions making sure that database integrity is always preserved and that concurrent MySQL sessions don't compromise data integrity
- uses mysqli extension
- code is heavily commented and generates no warnings/errors/notices when PHP's error reporting level is set to E_ALL
PHP 5.0.0+, MySQL 4.1.22+
Download the latest version, unpack it, and load it in your project
require_once 'Mptt_MultiIndependentTree.php';You can install Mptt_MultiIndependentTree via Composer
# get the latest stable release
composer require boardfy/Mptt_MultiIndependentTree
# get the latest commit
composer require boardfy/Mptt_MultiIndependentTree:dev-masterNotice a directory called install containing a file named mptt.sql. This file contains the SQL code that will create the table used by the class to store its data. Import or execute the SQL code using your preferred MySQL manager (like phpMyAdmin or the fantastic Adminer) into a database of your choice.
// include the Mptt_MultiIndependentTree class
require 'path/to/Mptt_MultiIndependentTree.php';
// instantiate a new object
$mptt = new Mptt_MultiIndependentTree();
// populate the table
// add 'Food' as a topmost node
$food = $mptt->add(0, 'Food');
// 'Fruit' and 'Meat' are direct descendants of 'Food'
$fruit = $mptt->add($food, 'Fruit');
$meat = $mptt->add($food, 'Meat');
// 'Red' and 'Yellow' are direct descendants of 'Fruit'
$red = $mptt->add($fruit, 'Red');
$yellow = $mptt->add($fruit, 'Yellow');
// add a fruit of each color
$cherry = $mptt->add($red, 'Cherry');
$banana = $mptt->add($yellow, 'Banana');
// add two kinds of meat
$mptt->add($meat, 'Beef');
$mptt->add($meat, 'Pork');
// move 'Banana' to 'Meat'
$mptt->move($banana, $meat);
// get a flat array of descendants of 'Meat'
$mptt->get_children($meat);
// get a multidimensional array (a tree) of all the data in the database
$mptt->get_tree();