SSD Endurance

Estimated SSD wear out, endurance table

working model can be found here https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mNUYRWeJUaijEZXupwP5k6IuATZGj1FB/edit#gid=1268465441

Vendor	Model	$ASP	User Capacity (GB):	estimated NAND endurance (TBW, WAF=1)	Spec sheet rated TBW	DWPD over 5 years (calculated)	GiB/min	days to wearout	days to wear out (WAF=1)	amount plotted (TiB)	amount plotted (TiB, WAF=1)	$/TiB plotted worst case (high WAF)	$/TiB plotted best case (WAF=1)
Intel	P4610	$400	1600	22677	10613	3.24	0.2	463	1111	130	313	$3.07	$1.28
Intel	P4510	$400	2000	11339	2054	0.69	0.2	123	556	35	156	$11.52	$2.56
Samsung	PM983	$173	960	7854	1366.56	0.80	0.2	69	385	19	108	$8.94	$1.60
Samsung	970 Evo	$164	1024	3299	600	0.35	0.2	32	162	9	45	$18.02	$3.60
Samsung	970 Pro	$307	1024	5498	1200	0.59	0.2	54	269	15	76	$20.28	$4.06
Intel	660p	$123	1024	1100	200	0.12	0.1	22	108	3	15	$40.55	$8.11
Intel	665p	$102	1024	1649	300	0.18	0.1	32	162	5	23	$22.53	$4.51
Samsung	PM1725b	$400	1600	21990	8760	3.01	0.2	431	1077	121	303	$3.30	$1.32
Micron	9300	$768	3840	43980	8400	1.14	0.2	392	2155	110	606	$6.97	$1.27
Intel	P4800X	$2,063	750	40265	41000	29.42	0.139	2839	2839	555	555	$3.72	$3.72
Intel	905p	$1,152	960	20616	17520	11.77	0.139	1453	1453	284	284	$4.06	$4.06
Inland	Inland Premium 1TB SSD	125	1024	7697	1600	0.86	0.1657	95	455	22	106	$5.67	$1.18

estimated GiB per minute based off class of drives for drives that have yet to be tested, for the drives in the wiki I have added the measured numbers.

Math

• NAND P/E Cycles = amount of program / erase cycles NAND can do before wearing out. NAND programs (writes) in pages and erases in blocks (contains many pages)
• Wearing out - SSD no longer meeting UBER (uncorrectable bit error rate), retention (keeping data safe while powered off), failure rate, or user capacity
• UBER = number of data errors / number of bits read
• WAF (Write Amplification Factor) = NAND writes / host writes
• TBW or PBW – amount of host writes to SSD before wearing out
• TBW = drive capacity * cycles / WAF
• DWPD (drive writes per day): amount of data you can write to device each day of the warranty (typically 5 years) without wearing out
• DWPD = TBW/365/5/drive capacity

Monitor Endurance in Linux

NVMe

https://github.com/linux-nvme/nvme-cli

https://nvmexpress.org/open-source-nvme-management-utility-nvme-command-line-interface-nvme-cli/

Reading endurance with NVMe-CLI - this is the gas gauge that shows total endurance used

sudo nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0 | grep percentage_used

Reading amount of writes that the drive have actually done

sudo nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0 | grep data_units_written

Bytes written = output * 1000 * 512B

TBW = output * 1000 * 512B / (1000^4) or (1024^4)

To find out NAND writes, you will have use the vendor plugins for NVMe-CLI.

sudo nvme <vendor name> help

Example with an Intel SSD

sudo nvme intel smart-log-add /dev/nvme0

SATA

In SATA you can use the following commands

sudo apt install smartmontools

sudo smartctl -x /dev/sda | grep Logical

sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda

looking for Media_Wearout_Indicator

note this does also work for NVMe for basic SMART health info

sudo smartctl -a /dev/nvme0

SAS

sg_logs /dev/sg1 --page=0x11

look for

Percentage used endurance indicator: 0%

Adding new models

Please add your model string below if you want me to put it into my calculator and add to the list!