Add support for component properties

[nscuro]

Description

Adds support for component properties, similar to how project properties are supported already.

On top of being manageable via REST API, component properties are also ingested upon BOM upload.

Addressed Issue

Closes #2560
Closes #2715
Closes #2717
Closes #2991

Additional Details

Frontend PR: DependencyTrack/frontend#811

Checklist

• I have read and understand the contributing guidelines
• This PR fixes a defect, and I have provided tests to verify that the fix is effective
• This PR implements an enhancement, and I have provided tests to verify that it works as intended
• This PR introduces changes to the database model, and I have added corresponding update logic
• This PR introduces new or alters existing behavior, and I have updated the documentation accordingly

[fnxpt]

@nscuro I will implement it as soon as this is merged... I should need 1 or 2 hours to implement the missing code

[codacy-production]

Coverage summary from Codacy

See diff coverage on Codacy

Coverage variation	Diff coverage
Report missing for 7099bac1	✅ 86.54% (target: 70.00%)

Coverage variation details

	Coverable lines	Covered lines	Coverage
Common ancestor commit (7099bac)	Report Missing	Report Missing	Report Missing
Head commit (11020d1)	21953	16379	74.61%

Coverage variation is the difference between the coverage for the head and common ancestor commits of the pull request branch: <coverage of head commit> - <coverage of common ancestor commit>

Diff coverage details

	Coverable lines	Covered lines	Diff coverage
Pull request (#3499)	208	180	86.54%

Diff coverage is the percentage of lines that are covered by tests out of the coverable lines that the pull request added or modified: <covered lines added or modified>/<coverable lines added or modified> * 100%

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Footnotes

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