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heatmap.py
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heatmap.py
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import numpy as np
import matplotlib
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def heatmap(data, row_labels, col_labels, ax=None,
cbar_kw=None, cbarlabel="", **kwargs):
"""
Create a heatmap from a numpy array and two lists of labels.
Parameters
----------
data
A 2D numpy array of shape (M, N).
row_labels
A list or array of length M with the labels for the rows.
col_labels
A list or array of length N with the labels for the columns.
ax
A `matplotlib.axes.Axes` instance to which the heatmap is plotted. If
not provided, use current axes or create a new one. Optional.
cbar_kw
A dictionary with arguments to `matplotlib.Figure.colorbar`. Optional.
cbarlabel
The label for the colorbar. Optional.
**kwargs
All other arguments are forwarded to `imshow`.
"""
if ax is None:
ax = plt.gca()
if cbar_kw is None:
cbar_kw = {}
# set the labels on the axis
ax.set_xlabel("predicted")
ax.set_ylabel("true")
# set the title
plt.title("Row normalized confusion matrix")
# Plot the heatmap
im = ax.imshow(data, cmap = "Blues", **kwargs)
plt.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.2)
# Create colorbar
cbar = ax.figure.colorbar(im, ax=ax, **cbar_kw)
cbar.ax.set_ylabel(cbarlabel, rotation=-90, va="bottom")
# Show all ticks and label them with the respective list entries.
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(data.shape[1]), labels=col_labels)
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(data.shape[0]), labels=row_labels)
# Let the horizontal axes labeling appear on top.
ax.tick_params(top=False, bottom=True,
labeltop=False, labelbottom=True)
# Rotate the tick labels and set their alignment.
plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(), rotation=45, ha="right",
rotation_mode="anchor")
# Turn spines off and create white grid.
ax.spines[:].set_visible(False)
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(data.shape[1]+1)-.5, minor=True)
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(data.shape[0]+1)-.5, minor=True)
ax.grid(which="minor", color="w", linestyle='-', linewidth=3)
ax.tick_params(which="minor", bottom=False, left=False)
return im, cbar
def annotate_heatmap(im, data=None, valfmt="{x:.2f}",
textcolors=("black", "white"),
threshold=None, **textkw):
"""
A function to annotate a heatmap.
Parameters
----------
im
The AxesImage to be labeled.
data
Data used to annotate. If None, the image's data is used. Optional.
valfmt
The format of the annotations inside the heatmap. This should either
use the string format method, e.g. "$ {x:.2f}", or be a
`matplotlib.ticker.Formatter`. Optional.
textcolors
A pair of colors. The first is used for values below a threshold,
the second for those above. Optional.
threshold
Value in data units according to which the colors from textcolors are
applied. If None (the default) uses the middle of the colormap as
separation. Optional.
**kwargs
All other arguments are forwarded to each call to `text` used to create
the text labels.
"""
if not isinstance(data, (list, np.ndarray)):
data = im.get_array()
# Normalize the threshold to the images color range.
if threshold is not None:
threshold = im.norm(threshold)
else:
threshold = im.norm(data.max())/2.
# Set default alignment to center, but allow it to be
# overwritten by textkw.
kw = dict(horizontalalignment="center",
verticalalignment="center")
kw.update(textkw)
# Get the formatter in case a string is supplied
if isinstance(valfmt, str):
valfmt = matplotlib.ticker.StrMethodFormatter(valfmt)
# Loop over the data and create a `Text` for each "pixel".
# Change the text's color depending on the data.
texts = []
for i in range(data.shape[0]):
for j in range(data.shape[1]):
kw.update(color=textcolors[int(im.norm(data[i, j]) > threshold)])
text = im.axes.text(j, i, valfmt(data[i, j], None), **kw)
texts.append(text)
return texts