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util.py
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util.py
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"""some generic utilities for dealing with classes, urls, and serialization
Authors:
* Min RK
"""
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Copyright (C) 2010-2011 The IPython Development Team
#
# Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in
# the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Imports
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Standard library imports.
import logging
import os
import re
import stat
import socket
import sys
from signal import signal, SIGINT, SIGABRT, SIGTERM
try:
from signal import SIGKILL
except ImportError:
SIGKILL=None
try:
import cPickle
pickle = cPickle
except:
cPickle = None
import pickle
# System library imports
import zmq
from zmq.log import handlers
# IPython imports
from IPython.config.application import Application
from IPython.utils.pickleutil import can, uncan, canSequence, uncanSequence
from IPython.utils.newserialized import serialize, unserialize
from IPython.zmq.log import EnginePUBHandler
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Classes
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class Namespace(dict):
"""Subclass of dict for attribute access to keys."""
def __getattr__(self, key):
"""getattr aliased to getitem"""
if key in self.iterkeys():
return self[key]
else:
raise NameError(key)
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
"""setattr aliased to setitem, with strict"""
if hasattr(dict, key):
raise KeyError("Cannot override dict keys %r"%key)
self[key] = value
class ReverseDict(dict):
"""simple double-keyed subset of dict methods."""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
dict.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
self._reverse = dict()
for key, value in self.iteritems():
self._reverse[value] = key
def __getitem__(self, key):
try:
return dict.__getitem__(self, key)
except KeyError:
return self._reverse[key]
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
if key in self._reverse:
raise KeyError("Can't have key %r on both sides!"%key)
dict.__setitem__(self, key, value)
self._reverse[value] = key
def pop(self, key):
value = dict.pop(self, key)
self._reverse.pop(value)
return value
def get(self, key, default=None):
try:
return self[key]
except KeyError:
return default
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Functions
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
def asbytes(s):
"""ensure that an object is ascii bytes"""
if isinstance(s, unicode):
s = s.encode('ascii')
return s
def is_url(url):
"""boolean check for whether a string is a zmq url"""
if '://' not in url:
return False
proto, addr = url.split('://', 1)
if proto.lower() not in ['tcp','pgm','epgm','ipc','inproc']:
return False
return True
def validate_url(url):
"""validate a url for zeromq"""
if not isinstance(url, basestring):
raise TypeError("url must be a string, not %r"%type(url))
url = url.lower()
proto_addr = url.split('://')
assert len(proto_addr) == 2, 'Invalid url: %r'%url
proto, addr = proto_addr
assert proto in ['tcp','pgm','epgm','ipc','inproc'], "Invalid protocol: %r"%proto
# domain pattern adapted from http://www.regexlib.com/REDetails.aspx?regexp_id=391
# author: Remi Sabourin
pat = re.compile(r'^([\w\d]([\w\d\-]{0,61}[\w\d])?\.)*[\w\d]([\w\d\-]{0,61}[\w\d])?$')
if proto == 'tcp':
lis = addr.split(':')
assert len(lis) == 2, 'Invalid url: %r'%url
addr,s_port = lis
try:
port = int(s_port)
except ValueError:
raise AssertionError("Invalid port %r in url: %r"%(port, url))
assert addr == '*' or pat.match(addr) is not None, 'Invalid url: %r'%url
else:
# only validate tcp urls currently
pass
return True
def validate_url_container(container):
"""validate a potentially nested collection of urls."""
if isinstance(container, basestring):
url = container
return validate_url(url)
elif isinstance(container, dict):
container = container.itervalues()
for element in container:
validate_url_container(element)
def split_url(url):
"""split a zmq url (tcp://ip:port) into ('tcp','ip','port')."""
proto_addr = url.split('://')
assert len(proto_addr) == 2, 'Invalid url: %r'%url
proto, addr = proto_addr
lis = addr.split(':')
assert len(lis) == 2, 'Invalid url: %r'%url
addr,s_port = lis
return proto,addr,s_port
def disambiguate_ip_address(ip, location=None):
"""turn multi-ip interfaces '0.0.0.0' and '*' into connectable
ones, based on the location (default interpretation of location is localhost)."""
if ip in ('0.0.0.0', '*'):
try:
external_ips = socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2]
except (socket.gaierror, IndexError):
# couldn't identify this machine, assume localhost
external_ips = []
if location is None or location in external_ips or not external_ips:
# If location is unspecified or cannot be determined, assume local
ip='127.0.0.1'
elif location:
return location
return ip
def disambiguate_url(url, location=None):
"""turn multi-ip interfaces '0.0.0.0' and '*' into connectable
ones, based on the location (default interpretation is localhost).
This is for zeromq urls, such as tcp://*:10101."""
try:
proto,ip,port = split_url(url)
except AssertionError:
# probably not tcp url; could be ipc, etc.
return url
ip = disambiguate_ip_address(ip,location)
return "%s://%s:%s"%(proto,ip,port)
def serialize_object(obj, threshold=64e-6):
"""Serialize an object into a list of sendable buffers.
Parameters
----------
obj : object
The object to be serialized
threshold : float
The threshold for not double-pickling the content.
Returns
-------
('pmd', [bufs]) :
where pmd is the pickled metadata wrapper,
bufs is a list of data buffers
"""
databuffers = []
if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
clist = canSequence(obj)
slist = map(serialize, clist)
for s in slist:
if s.typeDescriptor in ('buffer', 'ndarray') or s.getDataSize() > threshold:
databuffers.append(s.getData())
s.data = None
return pickle.dumps(slist,-1), databuffers
elif isinstance(obj, dict):
sobj = {}
for k in sorted(obj.iterkeys()):
s = serialize(can(obj[k]))
if s.typeDescriptor in ('buffer', 'ndarray') or s.getDataSize() > threshold:
databuffers.append(s.getData())
s.data = None
sobj[k] = s
return pickle.dumps(sobj,-1),databuffers
else:
s = serialize(can(obj))
if s.typeDescriptor in ('buffer', 'ndarray') or s.getDataSize() > threshold:
databuffers.append(s.getData())
s.data = None
return pickle.dumps(s,-1),databuffers
def unserialize_object(bufs):
"""reconstruct an object serialized by serialize_object from data buffers."""
bufs = list(bufs)
sobj = pickle.loads(bufs.pop(0))
if isinstance(sobj, (list, tuple)):
for s in sobj:
if s.data is None:
s.data = bufs.pop(0)
return uncanSequence(map(unserialize, sobj)), bufs
elif isinstance(sobj, dict):
newobj = {}
for k in sorted(sobj.iterkeys()):
s = sobj[k]
if s.data is None:
s.data = bufs.pop(0)
newobj[k] = uncan(unserialize(s))
return newobj, bufs
else:
if sobj.data is None:
sobj.data = bufs.pop(0)
return uncan(unserialize(sobj)), bufs
def pack_apply_message(f, args, kwargs, threshold=64e-6):
"""pack up a function, args, and kwargs to be sent over the wire
as a series of buffers. Any object whose data is larger than `threshold`
will not have their data copied (currently only numpy arrays support zero-copy)"""
msg = [pickle.dumps(can(f),-1)]
databuffers = [] # for large objects
sargs, bufs = serialize_object(args,threshold)
msg.append(sargs)
databuffers.extend(bufs)
skwargs, bufs = serialize_object(kwargs,threshold)
msg.append(skwargs)
databuffers.extend(bufs)
msg.extend(databuffers)
return msg
def unpack_apply_message(bufs, g=None, copy=True):
"""unpack f,args,kwargs from buffers packed by pack_apply_message()
Returns: original f,args,kwargs"""
bufs = list(bufs) # allow us to pop
assert len(bufs) >= 3, "not enough buffers!"
if not copy:
for i in range(3):
bufs[i] = bufs[i].bytes
cf = pickle.loads(bufs.pop(0))
sargs = list(pickle.loads(bufs.pop(0)))
skwargs = dict(pickle.loads(bufs.pop(0)))
# print sargs, skwargs
f = uncan(cf, g)
for sa in sargs:
if sa.data is None:
m = bufs.pop(0)
if sa.getTypeDescriptor() in ('buffer', 'ndarray'):
# always use a buffer, until memoryviews get sorted out
sa.data = buffer(m)
# disable memoryview support
# if copy:
# sa.data = buffer(m)
# else:
# sa.data = m.buffer
else:
if copy:
sa.data = m
else:
sa.data = m.bytes
args = uncanSequence(map(unserialize, sargs), g)
kwargs = {}
for k in sorted(skwargs.iterkeys()):
sa = skwargs[k]
if sa.data is None:
m = bufs.pop(0)
if sa.getTypeDescriptor() in ('buffer', 'ndarray'):
# always use a buffer, until memoryviews get sorted out
sa.data = buffer(m)
# disable memoryview support
# if copy:
# sa.data = buffer(m)
# else:
# sa.data = m.buffer
else:
if copy:
sa.data = m
else:
sa.data = m.bytes
kwargs[k] = uncan(unserialize(sa), g)
return f,args,kwargs
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# helpers for implementing old MEC API via view.apply
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
def interactive(f):
"""decorator for making functions appear as interactively defined.
This results in the function being linked to the user_ns as globals()
instead of the module globals().
"""
f.__module__ = '__main__'
return f
@interactive
def _push(ns):
"""helper method for implementing `client.push` via `client.apply`"""
globals().update(ns)
@interactive
def _pull(keys):
"""helper method for implementing `client.pull` via `client.apply`"""
user_ns = globals()
if isinstance(keys, (list,tuple, set)):
for key in keys:
if not user_ns.has_key(key):
raise NameError("name '%s' is not defined"%key)
return map(user_ns.get, keys)
else:
if not user_ns.has_key(keys):
raise NameError("name '%s' is not defined"%keys)
return user_ns.get(keys)
@interactive
def _execute(code):
"""helper method for implementing `client.execute` via `client.apply`"""
exec code in globals()
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# extra process management utilities
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
_random_ports = set()
def select_random_ports(n):
"""Selects and return n random ports that are available."""
ports = []
for i in xrange(n):
sock = socket.socket()
sock.bind(('', 0))
while sock.getsockname()[1] in _random_ports:
sock.close()
sock = socket.socket()
sock.bind(('', 0))
ports.append(sock)
for i, sock in enumerate(ports):
port = sock.getsockname()[1]
sock.close()
ports[i] = port
_random_ports.add(port)
return ports
def signal_children(children):
"""Relay interupt/term signals to children, for more solid process cleanup."""
def terminate_children(sig, frame):
log = Application.instance().log
log.critical("Got signal %i, terminating children..."%sig)
for child in children:
child.terminate()
sys.exit(sig != SIGINT)
# sys.exit(sig)
for sig in (SIGINT, SIGABRT, SIGTERM):
signal(sig, terminate_children)
def generate_exec_key(keyfile):
import uuid
newkey = str(uuid.uuid4())
with open(keyfile, 'w') as f:
# f.write('ipython-key ')
f.write(newkey+'\n')
# set user-only RW permissions (0600)
# this will have no effect on Windows
os.chmod(keyfile, stat.S_IRUSR|stat.S_IWUSR)
def integer_loglevel(loglevel):
try:
loglevel = int(loglevel)
except ValueError:
if isinstance(loglevel, str):
loglevel = getattr(logging, loglevel)
return loglevel
def connect_logger(logname, context, iface, root="ip", loglevel=logging.DEBUG):
logger = logging.getLogger(logname)
if any([isinstance(h, handlers.PUBHandler) for h in logger.handlers]):
# don't add a second PUBHandler
return
loglevel = integer_loglevel(loglevel)
lsock = context.socket(zmq.PUB)
lsock.connect(iface)
handler = handlers.PUBHandler(lsock)
handler.setLevel(loglevel)
handler.root_topic = root
logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.setLevel(loglevel)
def connect_engine_logger(context, iface, engine, loglevel=logging.DEBUG):
logger = logging.getLogger()
if any([isinstance(h, handlers.PUBHandler) for h in logger.handlers]):
# don't add a second PUBHandler
return
loglevel = integer_loglevel(loglevel)
lsock = context.socket(zmq.PUB)
lsock.connect(iface)
handler = EnginePUBHandler(engine, lsock)
handler.setLevel(loglevel)
logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.setLevel(loglevel)
return logger
def local_logger(logname, loglevel=logging.DEBUG):
loglevel = integer_loglevel(loglevel)
logger = logging.getLogger(logname)
if any([isinstance(h, logging.StreamHandler) for h in logger.handlers]):
# don't add a second StreamHandler
return
handler = logging.StreamHandler()
handler.setLevel(loglevel)
logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.setLevel(loglevel)
return logger