GEOS-ESM · gmao-rreichle · Jun 11, 2020 · Sep 19, 2019 · Dec 9, 2019 · Dec 10, 2019
diff --git a/Externals.cfg b/Externals.cfg
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ protocol = git
 required = True
 repo_url = git@github.com:GEOS-ESM/GEOSgcm_GridComp.git
 local_path = ./src/Components/GEOSldas_GridComp/@GEOSgcm_GridComp
-tag = v1.8.5
+tag = v1.8.6
 protocol = git
 sparse = ../../../../config/GEOSgcm_GridComp_ldas.sparse
 

diff --git a/doc/CHANGELOG.md b/doc/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -33,23 +33,98 @@ This README file contains the history of stable GEOSldas versions ("tags") in Gi
 Overview of Git Releases:
 ============================
 
+
+
+
+
+------------------------------
+[v17.9.0-beta.7](https://github.com/GEOS-ESM/GEOSldas/releases/tag/v17.9.0-beta.7) - 2020-06-11
+------------------------------
+
+- Zero-diff vs. v17.9.0-beta.6 for model-only simulations without perturbations.
+
+- Not zero-diff for simulations with perturbations (including data assimilation).
+
+- Infrastructure:
+
+  - Added calculation of ensemble-mean Catchment model diagnostics to LANDASSIM GridComp for output of instantaneous forecast and analysis estimates via HISTORY (“lndfcstana” Collection).
+
+
+- Bug fixes and other minor changes:
+
+  - Fixed handling of LANDPERT restart files after cold-start in first job segment.
+
+  - For lat/lon and EASE tile space only, fixed violation of zero-diff (binary identical) results when stopping/restarting at different intervals (removed extra zero-mean adjustment of LANDPERT after reading from restart file).  Requires more work for cube-sphere tile space.
+
+  - Fixed LANDPERT restart file name for cube-sphere.
+
+  - Added log message for all ens members if LANDPERT is cold-started.
+
+  - Removed deflation of LANDPERT checkpoint files.
+
+  - Added “.nc4” file name extension for cube-sphere LANDPERT checkpoint file.
+
+  - Added log message for OBSPERTRSEED “cold” start.
+
+  - Fixed typo in default OBSPERTRSEED restart file name.
+
+  - Fixed time stamp of output *ensprop*inputs.nml file.
+
+  - Fixed FIRST_ENS_ID for post-processing.
+
+  - Added “endhour” for control of loop through job segments in lenkf.j.template to facilitate job segments that are shorter than a full day.
+
+  - Added sample entries in “LDAS.rc” for output of CHECKPOINT (restart) files before GEOSldas.x exits (RECORD_FREQUENCY, RECORD_REF_TIME, RECORD_REF_DATE).
+
+
+
+------------------------------
+[v17.9.0-beta.6](https://github.com/GEOS-ESM/GEOSldas/releases/tag/v17.9.0-beta.6) - 2020-05-29
+------------------------------
+
+- Zero-diff vs. v17.9.0-beta.5 for model-only simulations without perturbations.
+
+- Not zero-diff for simulations with perturbations (including data assimilation).
+
+- Infrastructure:
+
+  - Output of L-band Tb via HISTORY (nodata value = MAPL_UNDEF = 1.e15).
+
+- Bug fixes:
+
+  - Changed timing of application of model prognostics perturbations such that perturbations at the current time step impact the land analysis and HISTORY output at that same time step. Before the fix, ApplyPrognPert was executed too late and the current time step's prognostics perturbations were missed by the land analysis and HISTORY, and only felt at the next time step. Consequently, simulations with perturbations are not zero-diff vs. v17.9.0-beta.5.
+
+  - Fixed no-data-value handling in computation of the ensemble average for surface temperature components.
+
+- Cleanup and documentation:
+
+  - Avoids redundant entries in LDAS.rc.
+  - Enabled setup for NUM_ENSEMBLE=1 with PERTURBATION=1.
+  - Improved help and log messages for setup and configuration.
+  - Option "--runmodel" of "ldas_setup" script is now obsolete.
+  - "DATAATM" renamed to "METFORCE" in HISTORY.rc.
+  - Removed default constraint to Haswell nodes.
+
+
+
+------------------------------
 [v17.9.0-beta.5](https://github.com/GEOS-ESM/GEOSldas/releases/tag/v17.9.0-beta.5) - 2020-05-11
 ------------------------------
 - Pre-release meant for use under SLES12 at NCCS.  Still works for SLES11.
 
-- New/Updated Science Functionality:
+- Science functionality:
 
   - Forecast error covariance inflation with scalar (globally constant) factor.
 
-- New/Updated Infrastructure:
+- Infrastructure:
 
   - Support for GEOS FP forcing with generic ("seamless") file names.
   - Resource parameter changes:
     - Renamed NUM_ENSEMBLE to NUM_LDAS_ENSEMBLE in "exeinp" file to be consistent with LDAS.rc.
     - Renamed MONTHLY_OUTPUT to POSTPROC_HIST.
   - Updated utilities to MAPL v2.1.3, ESMA_env v2.1.3+intel19.1.0.
 
-- Bug Fixes and Other Minor Changes:
+- Bug fixes and other minor changes:
 
   - Added basic protections for concatenation of sub-daily into daily nc4 files and for generation of monthly-mean nc4 files.
   - Write ObsFcstAna and smapL4SMaup files into ./scratch, then move to ana/ens_avg/year/month dir in postprocessing.
@@ -70,11 +145,11 @@ Overview of Git Releases:
 - Zero-diff vs. v17.9.0-beta.3 for Catchment only (except SMAP L1C Tb fore-minus-aft check).
 - Not zero-diff for CatchCN (via v1.8.3 of GEOS_GCMGridComp).
 
-- New/Updated Science Functionality:
+- Science functionality:
 
   - Resurrected SMAP L1C Tb fore-minus-aft check.
 
-- New/Updated Infrastructure:
+- Infrastructure:
 
   - Updated utilities to MAPL v2.1.1, ESMA_env v2.1.1., ESMA_cmake v3.0.1.
   - New GEOS_SurfaceGridComp.rc file (via v1.8.3 of GEOS_GCMGridComp).
@@ -84,7 +159,7 @@ Overview of Git Releases:
   - Subdaily-to-daily concatenation processes before month is complete.
   - Temporary solution to create directories for ObsFcstAna files to enable extending an existing GEOSldas run without going through setup.
 
-- Bug Fixes and Other Minor Changes:
+- Bug fixes and other minor changes:
 
   - Updated README.md.
   - ~obspertrseed~ restart file name when restarting from existing run.
@@ -101,7 +176,7 @@ Overview of Git Releases:
 ------------------------------
 [v17.9.0-beta.2](https://github.com/GEOS-ESM/GEOSldas/releases/tag/v17.9.0-beta.2) - 2020-02-26
 ------------------------------
-- New/Updated Science Functionality:
+- Science functionality:
 
   - Assimilation when running on cube-sphere tiles.
   - Read forcing from cube-sphere grid when running on matching cube-sphere tiles.
@@ -111,7 +186,7 @@ Overview of Git Releases:
   - Configuration option to add extra variables into catch restart files (as needed by GCM).
   - Allows processing of (assimilation) observations for innovations output *without* perturbations turned on.
 
-- New/Updated Infrastructure:
+- Infrastructure:
 
   - Support for SLES 12 in addition to SLES11 (ESMA_env v2.0.2).
   - Updated to MAPL v2.0.
@@ -121,7 +196,7 @@ Overview of Git Releases:
   - Added LDAS_app/mk_GEOSldasRestarts.F90 (adapted from GCM GridComp's mk_LDASsaRestarts.F90 in preparation for re-tiling changes).
   - Fixed output log file name and location.
 
-- Bug Fixes and Other Minor Changes: 
+- Bug fixes and other minor changes: 
 
   - Bug fix in select-update_type 9 (abs(deltaT)>0.)
   - Bug fix for local mwRTM and time dimension restart.

diff --git a/src/Applications/LDAS_App/GEOSldas_HIST.rc b/src/Applications/LDAS_App/GEOSldas_HIST.rc
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ COLLECTIONS:
 #ASSIM           'SMAP_L4_SM_gph'
 #                'inst1_1d_lnr_Nt'
 #                'catch_progn_incr'
+#                'inst3_1d_lndfcstana_Nt'
+#                'inst3_2d_lndfcstana_Nx'
            ::
 
 #CUBE GRID_LABELS: PC720x361-DC
@@ -372,3 +374,44 @@ COLLECTIONS:
                                'SNDZN3_INCR'    , 'LANDASSIM'      ,
                          ::
 
+  inst3_1d_lndfcstana_Nt.descr:       'Tile-space,3-Hourly,Instantaneous,Single-Level,Assimilation,Ensemble-Average Land Forecast and Analysis Diagnostics',
+  inst3_1d_lndfcstana_Nt.template:    '%y4%m2%d2_%h2%n2z.bin',
+  inst3_1d_lndfcstana_Nt.mode:        'instantaneous',
+  inst3_1d_lndfcstana_Nt.frequency:   030000,
+  inst3_1d_lndfcstana_Nt.ref_time:    000000,
+  inst3_1d_lndfcstana_Nt.fields:     'WCSF'        , 'ENSAVG'    , 'SFMC_FCST'       ,
+                                     'WCRZ'        , 'ENSAVG'    , 'RZMC_FCST'       ,
+                                     'WCPR'        , 'ENSAVG'    , 'PRMC_FCST'       ,
+                                     'TPSURF'      , 'ENSAVG'    , 'TSURF_FCST'      ,
+                                     'TSOIL1TILE'  , 'ENSAVG'    , 'TSOIL1_FCST'     ,
+                                     'WCSF_ANA'    , 'LANDASSIM' , 'SFMC_ANA'        ,
+                                     'WCRZ_ANA'    , 'LANDASSIM' , 'RZMC_ANA'        ,
+                                     'WCPR_ANA'    , 'LANDASSIM' , 'PRMC_ANA'        ,
+                                     'TPSURF_ANA'  , 'LANDASSIM' , 'TSURF_ANA'       ,
+                                     'TSOIL1_ANA'  , 'LANDASSIM' , 'TSOIL1_ANA'      ,
+                        ::
+
+  inst3_2d_lndfcstana_Nx.descr:       '2d,3-Hourly,Instantaneous,Single-Level,Assimilation,Ensemble-Average Land Forecast and Analysis Diagnostics',
+  inst3_2d_lndfcstana_Nx.template:    '%y4%m2%d2_%h2%n2z.nc4',
+  inst3_2d_lndfcstana_Nx.archive:     '%c/Y%y4',
+  inst3_2d_lndfcstana_Nx.mode:        'instantaneous',
+  inst3_2d_lndfcstana_Nx.frequency:   030000,
+  inst3_2d_lndfcstana_Nx.ref_time:    000000,
+  inst3_2d_lndfcstana_Nx.format:      'CFIO',
+  inst3_2d_lndfcstana_Nx.regrid_exch: '../input/tile.data',
+  inst3_2d_lndfcstana_Nx.regrid_name: 'GRIDNAME',
+  inst3_2d_lndfcstana_Nx.grid_label:  PC720x361-DC,
+  inst3_2d_lndfcstana_Nx.deflate:     2,
+  inst3_2d_lndfcstana_Nx.fields:     'WCSF'        , 'ENSAVG'    , 'SFMC_FCST'       ,
+                                     'WCRZ'        , 'ENSAVG'    , 'RZMC_FCST'       ,
+                                     'WCPR'        , 'ENSAVG'    , 'PRMC_FCST'       ,
+                                     'TPSURF'      , 'ENSAVG'    , 'TSURF_FCST'      ,
+                                     'TSOIL1TILE'  , 'ENSAVG'    , 'TSOIL1_FCST'     ,
+                                     'WCSF_ANA'    , 'LANDASSIM' , 'SFMC_ANA'        ,
+                                     'WCRZ_ANA'    , 'LANDASSIM' , 'RZMC_ANA'        ,
+                                     'WCPR_ANA'    , 'LANDASSIM' , 'PRMC_ANA'        ,
+                                     'TPSURF_ANA'  , 'LANDASSIM' , 'TSURF_ANA'       ,
+                                     'TSOIL1_ANA'  , 'LANDASSIM' , 'TSOIL1_ANA'      ,
+                        ::
+
+# ========================== EOF ==============================================================
diff --git a/src/Applications/LDAS_App/GEOSldas_LDAS.rc b/src/Applications/LDAS_App/GEOSldas_LDAS.rc
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ FIRST_ENS_ID: 0
 
 # ---- Job segments: Length
 #
-#      Specify period between output of restart files.  (GEOSldas.x shuts down and restarts.)
+#      Specify period between GEOSldas.x shutdown and restart.
 #      Default is the entire simulation period (END_DATE minus BEG_DATE).
 #      Format:            yyyymmdd hhmmss
 #
@@ -125,6 +125,17 @@ FIRST_ENS_ID: 0
 # NUM_SGMT: 1
 
 
+# ---- CHECKPOINT file output
+#
+#      By default, CHECKPOINT (restart) files are are written at the end of each job segment. 
+#      Restart files can also be written before exiting GEOSldas.x. 
+#      The following resource parameters specify the frequency and reference time and date.
+#
+# RECORD_FREQUENCY: 0240000              # hhhmmss          (can be greater than 1 day!)
+# RECORD_REF_TIME:   000000              #  hhmmss          (reference time-of-day)
+# RECORD_REF_DATE:  19790101 000000      # yyyymmdd hhmmss  (date/time after which checkpoints are written)
+
+
 # ---- Output: Write log file (YES/NO)?
 #
 LDAS_logit: YES

diff --git a/src/Applications/LDAS_App/ldas_setup b/src/Applications/LDAS_App/ldas_setup
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ class LDASsetup:
         self.has_ldassa_pert = False
         self.nSegments = 1
         self.perturb = 0
+        self.first_ens_id = 0
         # ------
         # Read exe input file which is required to set up the dir
         # ------
@@ -142,12 +143,12 @@ class LDASsetup:
         _mydir = self.exphome + '/' + self.rqdExeInp['EXP_ID']
         assert not os.path.isdir(_mydir), 'Dir [%s] already exists!' % _mydir
         _mydir = None
-        _first_ens_id = int(self.rqdExeInp.get('FIRST_ENS_ID',0))
+        self.first_ens_id = int(self.rqdExeInp.get('FIRST_ENS_ID',0))
         self.perturb = int(self.rqdExeInp.get('PERTURBATIONS',0))
         if self.nens > 1:
            self.perturb = 1
-        self.ensdirs  = ['ens%04d'%iens for iens in range(_first_ens_id, self.nens  + _first_ens_id)]
-        self.ensids   = ['%04d'%iens    for iens in range(_first_ens_id, self.nens  + _first_ens_id)]
+        self.ensdirs  = ['ens%04d'%iens for iens in range(self.first_ens_id, self.nens  + self.first_ens_id)]
+        self.ensids   = ['%04d'%iens    for iens in range(self.first_ens_id, self.nens  + self.first_ens_id)]
         if (self.nens == 1) :
             self.ensdirs_avg = self.ensdirs
             self.ensids=['']
@@ -1273,6 +1274,8 @@ class LDASsetup:
                         fout.write(line.replace('MY_MODEL',self.catch))
                     elif 'MY_POSTPROC_HIST' in line :
                         fout.write(line.replace('MY_POSTPROC_HIST',str(self.rqdExeInp['POSTPROC_HIST'])))                        
+                    elif 'MY_FIRST_ENS_ID' in line :
+                        fout.write(line.replace('MY_FIRST_ENS_ID',str(self.first_ens_id)))                        
                     else :
                         fout.write(line.replace('MY_EXPDIR',self.exphome+'/$EXPID'))
 

diff --git a/src/Applications/LDAS_App/lenkf.j.template b/src/Applications/LDAS_App/lenkf.j.template
@@ -572,8 +572,9 @@ EOF
    # Move Intermediate Checkpoints to RESTARTS directory
    # ---------------------------------------------------
 
-   @ inens = 0
-   while ($inens < $NENS)
+   @ inens = MY_FIRST_ENS_ID
+   @ enens = $inens + $NENS
+   while ($inens < $enens)
        if ($inens <10) then
           set ENSDIR = `echo ens000${inens}`
        else if($inens<100) then
@@ -599,11 +600,19 @@ EOF
        set rstf = 'landpert'
        if (-f ${rstf}${ENSID}_internal_checkpoint ) then
           set tmp_file = $EXPDIR/output/$EXPDOMAIN/rs/$ENSDIR/Y${eYEAR}/M${eMON}/${EXPID}.${rstf}_internal_rst.${eYEAR}${eMON}${eDAY}_${eHour}${eMin}
+	  # copy generic restart file to final location/name but remove lat/lon variables
+	  #  (lat/lon variables are not correct when running in EASE-grid tile space)
           ncks -4 -O -C -x -v lat,lon ${rstf}${ENSID}_internal_checkpoint $tmp_file
           /bin/rm -f ${rstf}${ENSID}_internal_checkpoint 
           set old_rst = `/usr/bin/readlink -f $EXPDIR/input/restart/${rstf}${ENSID}_internal_rst`
           /bin/rm -f $EXPDIR/input/restart/${rstf}${ENSID}_internal_rst
           /bin/ln -s $tmp_file $EXPDIR/input/restart/${rstf}${ENSID}_internal_rst
+          set pert_rst = `grep -o "LANDPERT_INTERNAL_RESTART_FILE" LDAS.rc`
+          if ( $pert_rst == '' ) then
+             echo "LANDPERT_INTERNAL_RESTART_FILE: ../input/restart/landpert%s_internal_rst" >> LDAS.rc
+             /bin/mv ../run/LDAS.rc ../run/LDAS.rc.sgmt0
+             /bin/cp LDAS.rc ../run/LDAS.rc 
+          endif 
           /usr/bin/gzip $old_rst &
        endif
 
@@ -681,14 +690,18 @@ EOF
    #######################################################################
    #              Update Iteration Counter
    #######################################################################
-   
+
    set enddate = `echo  $END_DATE | cut -c1-8`
+   set endhour = `echo  $END_DATE | cut -c10-11`
    set capdate = `cat cap_restart | cut -c1-8`
-
+   set caphour = `cat cap_restart | cut -c10-11`
+
    if ( $capdate < $enddate ) then
-   @ counter = $counter    + 1
+     @ counter = $counter + 1
+   else if ( $capdate == $enddate && $caphour < $endhour ) then
+     @ counter = $counter + 1
    else
-   @ counter = ${NUM_SGMT} + 1
+     @ counter = ${NUM_SGMT} + 1
    endif
 
 ## End of the while ( $counter <= ${NUM_SGMT} ) loop ##

diff --git a/src/Applications/LDAS_App/tile_bin2nc4.F90 b/src/Applications/LDAS_App/tile_bin2nc4.F90
@@ -384,9 +384,22 @@ FUNCTION getAttribute (SHORT_NAME, LNAME, UNT) result (str_atr)
     case ('SNDZN1_INCR');  LONG_NAME = 'increment_snow_depth_layer_1';                                   UNITS = 'm'
     case ('SNDZN2_INCR');  LONG_NAME = 'increment_snow_depth_layer_2';                                   UNITS = 'm'
     case ('SNDZN3_INCR');  LONG_NAME = 'increment_snow_depth_layer_3';                                   UNITS = 'm'
-    !
+
+    ! land assimilation forecast and analysis for Catchment model diagnostics
+
+    case ('SFMC_FCST');    LONG_NAME = 'soil_moisture_surface_forecast';                                 UNITS = 'm3 m-3'
+    case ('RZMC_FCST');    LONG_NAME = 'soil_moisture_rootzone_forecast';                                UNITS = 'm3 m-3'
+    case ('PRMC_FCST');    LONG_NAME = 'soil_moisture_profile_forecast';                                 UNITS = 'm3 m-3'
+    case ('TSURF_FCST');   LONG_NAME = 'ave_catchment_temp_incl_snw_forecast';                           UNITS = 'K'
+    case ('TSOIL1_FCST');  LONG_NAME = 'soil_temperatures_layer_1_forecast';                             UNITS = 'K'
+    case ('SFMC_ANA');     LONG_NAME = 'soil_moisture_surface_analysis';                                 UNITS = 'm3 m-3'
+    case ('RZMC_ANA');     LONG_NAME = 'soil_moisture_rootzone_analysis';                                UNITS = 'm3 m-3'
+    case ('PRMC_ANA');     LONG_NAME = 'soil_moisture_profile_analysis';                                 UNITS = 'm3 m-3'
+    case ('TSURF_ANA');    LONG_NAME = 'ave_catchment_temp_incl_snw_analysis';                           UNITS = 'K'
+    case ('TSOIL1_ANA');   LONG_NAME = 'soil_temperatures_layer_1_analysis';                             UNITS = 'K'
+
     ! default LONG_NAME and UNITS for nc4 files created by tile_bin2nc4.F90 (used for any SHORT_NAME not listed above):
-    !
+
     case default;          LONG_NAME = 'not defined in tile_bin2nc4.F90';                                UNITS = 'not defined in tile_bin2nc4.F90';
 
     end select

diff --git a/src/Components/GEOSldas_GridComp/GEOS_LdasGridComp.F90 b/src/Components/GEOSldas_GridComp/GEOS_LdasGridComp.F90
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ subroutine SetServices(gc, rc)
     VERIFY_(status)
 
     allocate(ens_id(NUM_ENSEMBLE),LAND(NUM_ENSEMBLE),LANDPERT(NUM_ENSEMBLE))
-    write (fmt_str, "(A2,I1,A1,I1,A1)") "(I", ens_id_width,".",ens_id_width,")"
+    write (fmt_str, "(A2,I1,A1,I1,A1)") "(I", ens_id_width,".",ens_id_width,")"   ! BUG? only works for ens_id_width<10)    (reichle, 11 Jun 2020)
     do i=1,NUM_ENSEMBLE
        ens_id(i) = i-1 + FIRST_ENS_ID ! id start form FIRST_ENS_ID
        if(NUM_ENSEMBLE == 1 ) then

diff --git a/src/Components/GEOSldas_GridComp/GEOSens_GridComp/GEOS_EnsGridComp.F90 b/src/Components/GEOSldas_GridComp/GEOSens_GridComp/GEOS_EnsGridComp.F90
@@ -3257,12 +3257,12 @@ subroutine Collect_land_ens(gc, import, export, clock, rc)
         if(associated(WCSF_enavg)) WCSF_enavg = WCSF_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE
         if(associated(WCRZ_enavg)) WCRZ_enavg = WCRZ_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE
         if(associated(WCPR_enavg)) WCPR_enavg = WCPR_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE
-        if(associated(TP1_enavg)) TP1_enavg = TP1_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE + MAPL_TICE
-        if(associated(TP2_enavg)) TP2_enavg = TP2_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE + MAPL_TICE
-        if(associated(TP3_enavg)) TP3_enavg = TP3_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE + MAPL_TICE
-        if(associated(TP4_enavg)) TP4_enavg = TP4_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE + MAPL_TICE
-        if(associated(TP5_enavg)) TP5_enavg = TP5_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE + MAPL_TICE
-        if(associated(TP6_enavg)) TP6_enavg = TP6_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE + MAPL_TICE
+        if(associated(TP1_enavg)) TP1_enavg = TP1_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE + MAPL_TICE    ! convert to K
+        if(associated(TP2_enavg)) TP2_enavg = TP2_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE + MAPL_TICE    ! convert to K
+        if(associated(TP3_enavg)) TP3_enavg = TP3_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE + MAPL_TICE    ! convert to K
+        if(associated(TP4_enavg)) TP4_enavg = TP4_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE + MAPL_TICE    ! convert to K
+        if(associated(TP5_enavg)) TP5_enavg = TP5_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE + MAPL_TICE    ! convert to K
+        if(associated(TP6_enavg)) TP6_enavg = TP6_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE + MAPL_TICE    ! convert to K
         if(associated(EMIS_enavg)) EMIS_enavg = EMIS_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE
         if(associated(ALBVR_enavg)) ALBVR_enavg = ALBVR_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE
         if(associated(ALBVF_enavg)) ALBVF_enavg = ALBVF_enavg/NUM_ENSEMBLE