install, upgrade: fix installation attempt check

[FnControlOption]

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In #12024, I moved rescue FormulaInstallationAlreadyAttemptedError to Upgrade.install_formula but also should have moved formula_installer.check_installation_already_attempted

[MikeMcQuaid]

Thanks again @FnControlOption

[MikeMcQuaid]

@FnControlOption Oops looks like a CI failure: https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/pull/12045/checks?check_run_id=3588586166#step:5:10