Welcome! Below you will find details about me and my technical work.

I'm a software developer specializing in web and mobile application development as well as data engineering, analytics, and science. I'm passionate about science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and love to build things that move humanity towards a brighter future!

• Data Engineering
• Cybersecurity Fundamentals

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I love [Something Interesting About You].

"Your favorite quote here."

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Feel free to reach out for collaborations or just a chat:

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Preparation. Pace. Patience. Persistence. Facta, Non Verba.

During my formative years, I was captivated by the universe's intricacies: from the foundational Zermelo-Fraenkel-Choice (ZFC) axiomatic system and the logically deduced theorems of mathematics, to the precision of the natural sciences, the remarkable feats of engineering and technology, the vastness of life sciences and medicine, the complexities of social sciences and management, the transcendental experiences offered by the arts and humanities, and the exploration of my athletic capabilities. I am committed to actualizing my potential in these domains, aspiring to excellence and dedicated to continual self-improvement. In this journey, I find resonance with the University of Toronto's enduring motto, 'Velut Arbor Ævo.'

I aspire to become a mathematician, specializing in mathematical applications in the formal, natural, and life sciences. My short-term aims include working on technical research and development projects in areas like quantum computing, machine learning, cryptography, nuclear fusion, surgery, and finance, as well as non-technical projects in business development, operations, and sales. In the long term, I plan to engage in the private sector as a creative artist, entrepreneur, and mathematician, and in the public sector as a mathematician (within academic and government research institutes and facilities), military operator, healthcare worker, social worker, and public servant.

My personality traits, which are habitual patterns of emotion, thought, and behavior, include:

• Five-Factor Model (FFM): Relatively low level of extraversion; average levels of agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness; and a relatively high level of conscientiousness.
• HEXACO-PI-R: Test Results
• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI): INTJ
• Dark Triad Test: Test Results

• Strengths: Strategizing, Creating, Leading
• Hard Skills: Quantitative Analysis, Multimedia Production
• Soft Skills: Critical Thinking, Communication

• MAT157Y1 - Analysis I: A theoretical course in calculus; emphasizing proofs and techniques. Elementary logic, limits and continuity, least upper bounds, intermediate and extreme value theorems. Derivatives, mean value and inverse function theorems. Integrals, fundamental theorem, elementary transcendental functions. Techniques of integration. Taylor's theorem; sequences and series; uniform convergence and power series. This course is required for the Mathematics Specialist, the Applied Mathematics Specialist, the Mathematics and Physics Specialist, and the Mathematics and Philosophy Specialist program and provides a strong theoretical mathematics background.
• MAT240H1 - Algebra I: A theoretical approach to: vector spaces over arbitrary fields, including C and Z_p. Subspaces, bases and dimension. Linear transformations, matrices, change of basis, similarity, determinants. Polynomials over a field (including unique factorization, resultants). Eigenvalues, eigenvectors, characteristic polynomial, diagonalization. Minimal polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
• [In Queue] MAT245H1 - Mathematical Methods in Data Science: An introduction to the mathematical methods behind scientific techniques developed for extracting information from large data sets. Elementary probability density functions, conditional expectation, inverse problems, regularization, dimension reduction, gradient methods, singular value decomposition and its applications, stability, diffusion maps. Examples from applications in data science and big data.
• MAT247H1 - Algebra II: A theoretical approach to real and complex inner product spaces, isometries, orthogonal and unitary matrices and transformations. The adjoint. Hermitian and symmetric transformations. Spectral theorem for symmetric and normal transformations. Polar representation theorem. Primary decomposition theorem. Rational and Jordan canonical forms. Additional topics including dual spaces, quotient spaces, bilinear forms, quadratic surfaces, multilinear algebra.
• MAT257Y1 - Analysis II: Topology of R^n; compactness, functions and continuity, extreme value theorem. Derivatives; inverse and implicit function theorems, maxima and minima, Lagrange multipliers. Integration; Fubini's theorem, partitions of unity, change of variables. Differential forms. Manifolds in R^n; integration on manifolds; Stokes' theorem for differential forms and classical versions. Some topics may vary year-to-year.
• MAT267H1 - Advanced Ordinary Differential Equations: A theoretical course on Ordinary Differential Equations. First-order equations: separable equations, exact equations, integrating factors. Variational problems, Euler-Lagrange equations. Linear equations and first-order systems. Fundamental matrices, Wronskians. Non-linear equations. Existence and uniqueness theorems. Method of power series. Elementary qualitative theory; stability, phase plane, stationary points. Oscillation theorem, Sturm comparison. Applications in mechanics, physics, chemistry, biology and economics.

• [In Queue] MAT309H1 - Introduction to Mathematical Logic: Predicate calculus. Relationship between truth and provability; Gödel's completeness theorem. First order arithmetic as an example of a first-order system. Gödel's incompleteness theorem; outline of its proof. Introduction to recursive functions.
• MAT315H1 - Introduction to Number Theory: Elementary topics in number theory: arithmetic functions; polynomials over the residue classes modulo m, characters on the residue classes modulo m; quadratic reciprocity law, representation of numbers as sums of squares.
• MAT327H1 - Introduction to Topology: Metric spaces, topological spaces and continuous mappings; separation, compactness, connectedness. Fundamental group and covering spaces. Brouwer fixed-point theorem. Students in the math specialist program wishing to take additional topology courses are advised to obtain permission to take MAT1300H, MAT1301H.
• [In Queue] MAT332H1 - Introduction to Graph Theory: This course will explore the following topics: Graphs, subgraphs, isomorphism, trees, connectivity, Euler and Hamiltonian properties, matchings, vertex and edge colourings, planarity, network flows and strongly regular graphs. Participants will be encouraged to use these topics and execute applications to such problems as timetabling, tournament scheduling, experimental design and finite geometries.
• [In Queue] MAT335H1 - Chaos, Fractals and Dynamics: An elementary introduction to a modern and fast-developing area of mathematics. One-dimensional dynamics: iterations of quadratic polynomials. Dynamics of linear mappings, attractors. Bifurcation, Henon map, Mandelbrot and Julia sets. History and applications.
• MAT344H1 - Introduction to Combinatorics: Basic counting principles, generating functions, permutations with restrictions. Fundamentals of graph theory with algorithms; applications (including network flows). Combinatorial structures including block designs and finite geometries.
• [In Queue] MAT347Y1 - Groups, Rings and Fields: Groups, subgroups, quotient groups, Sylow theorems, Jordan-Hölder theorem, finitely generated abelian groups, solvable groups. Rings, ideals, Chinese remainder theorem; Euclidean domains and principal ideal domains: unique factorization. Noetherian rings, Hilbert basis theorem. Finitely generated modules. Field extensions, algebraic closure, straight-edge and compass constructions. Galois theory, including insolvability of the quintic.
• MAT351Y1 - Partial Differential Equations: This is a first course in Partial Differential Equations, intended for Mathematics students with interests in analysis, mathematical physics, geometry, and optimization. The examples to be discussed include first-order equations, harmonic functions, the diffusion equation, the wave equation, Schrodinger's equation, and eigenvalue problems. In addition to the classical representation formulas for the solutions of these equations, there are techniques that apply more broadly: the notion of well-posedness, the method of characteristics, energy methods, maximum and comparison principles, fundamental solutions, Green's functions, Duhamel's principle, Fourier series, the min-max characterization of eigenvalues, Bessel functions, spherical harmonics, and distributions. Nonlinear phenomena such as shock waves and solitary waves are also introduced.
• MAT354H1 - Complex Analysis I: Complex numbers, the complex plane and Riemann sphere, Möbius transformations, elementary functions and their mapping properties, conformal mapping, holomorphic functions, Cauchy's theorem and integral formula. Taylor and Laurent series, maximum modulus principle, Schwarz' lemma, residue theorem and residue calculus.
• MAT357H1 - Foundations of Real Analysis: Function spaces; Arzela-Ascoli theorem, Weierstrass approximation theorem, Fourier series. Introduction to Banach and Hilbert spaces; contraction mapping principle, fundamental existence and uniqueness theorem for ordinary differential equations. Lebesgue integral; convergence theorems, comparison with Riemann integral, L^p spaces. Applications to probability.
• MAT367H1 - Differential Geometry: Manifolds, partitions of unity, submersions and immersions, vector fields, vector bundles, tangent and cotangent bundles, foliations and Frobenius’ theorem, multilinear algebra, differential forms, Stokes’ theorem, Poincare-Hopf theorem.
• [In Queue] MAT377H1 - Mathematical Probability: This course introduces students to various topics in mathematical probability theory. Topics include basic concepts (such as probability, random variables, expectations, conditional probability) from a mathematical point of view, examples of distributions and stochastic processes and their properties, convergence results (such as the law of large numbers, central limit theorem, random series, etc.), various inequalities, and examples of applications of probabilistic ideas beyond statistics (for example, in geometry and computer science).

• [In Queue] MAT390H1 - History of Mathematics up to 1700: A survey of ancient, medieval, and early modern mathematics with emphasis on historical issues. (Offered in alternate years)
• [In Queue] MAT391H1 - History of Mathematics after 1700: A survey of the development of mathematics from 1700 to the present with emphasis on technical development. (Offered in alternate years)
• [In Queue] MAT402H1 - Classical Geometries: Euclidean and non-Euclidean plane and space geometries. Real and complex projective space. Models of the hyperbolic plane. Connections with the geometry of surfaces.
• [In Queue] MAT403H1 - Classical Geometries II: This course is the second part of the "Classical Geometries" MAT402H1 course. It is mainly dedicated to detailed study of classical real projective geometry and projective geometry over other fields. It is also devoted to the study of spherical and elliptic geometry.
• [In Queue] MAT409H1F/MAT1404HF* - Set Theory: Set theory and its relations with other branches of mathematics. ZFC axioms. Ordinal and cardinal numbers. Reflection principle. Constructible sets and the continuum hypothesis. Introduction to independence proofs. Topics from large cardinals, infinitary combinatorics and descriptive set theory.
• [In Queue] MAT415H1/MAT1200HS* - Algebraic Number Theory: A selection from the following: finite fields; global and local fields; valuation theory; ideals and divisors; differents and discriminants; ramification and inertia; class numbers and units; cyclotomic fields; Diophantine equations.
• [In Queue] MAT417H1F/MAT1202HF* - Analytic Number Theory: A selection from the following: distribution of primes, especially in arithmetic progressions and short intervals; exponential sums; Hardy-Littlewood and dispersion methods; character sums and L-functions; the Riemann zeta-function; sieve methods, large and small; Diophantine approximation, modular forms.
• [In Queue] MAT425H1S/MAT1340HS* - Differential Topology: Smooth manifolds, Sard's theorem and transversality. Morse theory. Immersion and embedding theorems. Intersection theory. Borsuk-Ulam theorem. Vector fields and Euler characteristic. Hopf degree theorem. Additional topics may vary.
• [In Queue] MAT436H1/MAT1011H - Introduction to Linear Operators: The course will survey the branch of mathematics developed (in its abstract form) primarily in the twentieth century and referred to variously as functional analysis, linear operators in Hilbert space, and operator algebras, among other names (for instance, more recently, to reflect the rapidly increasing scope of the subject, the phrase non-commutative geometry has been introduced). The intention will be to discuss a number of the topics in Pedersen's textbook Analysis Now. Students will be encouraged to lecture on some of the material, and also to work through some of the exercises in the textbook (or in the suggested reference books).
• [In Queue] MAT437H1F/MAT1016HF* - K-Theory and C* Algebras: The purpose of this course is to give a general, elementary, introduction to the ideas of K-theory in the operator algebra context. (Very briefly, K-theory generalizes the notion of dimension of a vector space.) The course will begin with a description of the method (K-theoretical in spirit) used by Murray and von Neumann to give a rough initial classification of von Neumann algebras (into types I, II, and III). It will centre around the relatively recent use of K-theory to study Bratteli's approximately finite-dimensional C*-algebras---both to classify them (a result that can be formulated and proved purely algebraically), and to prove that the class of these C*-algebras---what Bratteli called AF algebras---is closed under passing to extensions (a result that uses the Bott periodicity feature of K-theory). Students will be encouraged to prepare oral or written reports on various subjects related to the course, including basic theory and applications.
• [In Queue] MAT445H1/MAT1196H - Representation Theory: A selection of topics from: Representation theory of finite groups, topological groups and compact groups. Group algebras. Character theory and orthogonality relations. Weyl's character formula for compact semisimple Lie groups. Induced representations. Structure theory and representations of semisimple Lie algebras. Determination of the complex Lie algebras.
• [In Queue] MAT448H1/MAT1155H - Introduction to Commutative Algebra and Algebraic Geometry: Basic notions of algebraic geometry, with emphasis on commutative algebra or geometry according to the interests of the instructor. Algebraic topics: localization, integral dependence and Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, valuation theory, power series rings and completion, dimension theory. Geometric topics: affine and projective varieties, dimension and intersection theory, curves and surfaces, varieties over the complex numbers. This course will be offered in alternating years.
• [In Queue] MAT449H1 - Algebraic Curves: Projective geometry. Curves and Riemann surfaces. Algebraic methods. Intersection of curves; linear systems; Bezout's theorem. Cubics and elliptic curves. Riemann-Roch theorem. Newton polygon and Puiseux expansion; resolution of singularities. This course will be offered in alternating years.
• [In Queue] MAT454H1S/MAT1002HS* - Complex Analysis II: Harmonic functions, Harnack's principle, Poisson's integral formula and Dirichlet's problem. Infinite products and the gamma function. Normal families and the Riemann mapping theorem. Analytic continuation, monodromy theorem and elementary Riemann surfaces. Elliptic functions, the modular function and the little Picard theorem.
• [In Queue] MAT457H1F/MAT1000HF* - Advanced Real Analysis I: Lebesgue measure and integration; convergence theorems, Fubini's theorem, Lebesgue differentiation theorem, abstract measures, Caratheodory theorem, Radon-Nikodym theorem. Hilbert spaces, orthonormal bases, Riesz representation theorem, compact operators, L^p spaces, Hölder and Minkowski inequalities.
• [In Queue] MAT458H1S/MAT1001HS* - Advanced Real Analysis II: Fourier series and transform, convergence results, Fourier inversion theorem, L^2 theory, estimates, convolutions. Banach spaces, duals, weak topology, weak compactness, Hahn-Banach theorem, open mapping theorem, uniform boundedness theorem.
• [In Queue] MAT461H1 - Hamiltonian Mechanics: This course focuses on key notions of classical mechanics: Newton equations, variational principles, Lagrangian formulation and Euler-Lagrange equations, the motion in a central force, the motion of a rigid body, small oscillations, Hamiltonian formulation, canonical transformations, Hamilton-Jacobi theory, action-angle variables, and integrable systems.
• [In Queue] MAT464H1F/MAT1342HF* - Riemannian Geometry: Riemannian metrics. Levi-Civita connection. Geodesics. Exponential map. Second fundamental form. Complete manifolds and Hopf-Rinow theorem. Curvature tensors. Ricci curvature and scalar curvature. Spaces of constant curvature.
• [In Queue] MAT475H1 - Problem Solving Seminar: This course addresses the question: How do you attack a problem the likes of which you have never seen before? Students will apply Polya's principles of mathematical problem solving, draw upon their previous mathematical knowledge, and explore the creative side of mathematics in solving a variety of interesting problems and explaining those solutions to others.

• [In Queue] APM306Y1 - Mathematics and Law: This course examines the relationship between legal reasoning and mathematical logic; provides a mathematical perspective on the legal treatment of interest and actuarial present value; critiques ethical issues; analyzes how search engine techniques on massive databases transform legal research and considers the impact of statistical analysis and game theory on litigation strategies.
• [In Queue] APM348H1 - Mathematical Modelling: An overview of mathematical modelling. A variety of approaches for representing physical situations mathematically followed by analytical techniques and numerical simulations to gain insight. Questions from biology, economics, engineering, medicine, physics, physiology, and the social sciences formulated as problems in optimization, differential equations, and probability. Precise content varies with instructor.
• [In Queue] APM421H1F/MAT1723HF* - Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Information Theory: Key concepts and mathematical structure of Quantum Mechanics, with applications to topics of current interest such as quantum information theory. The core part of the course covers the following topics: Schroedinger equation, quantum observables, spectrum and evolution, motion in electro-magnetic field, angular momentum and O(3) and SU(2) groups, spin and statistics, semi-classical asymptotics, perturbation theory. More advanced topics may include: adiabatic theory and geometrical phases, Hartree-Fock theory, Bose-Einstein condensation, the second quantization, density matrix and quantum statistics, open systems and Lindblad evolution, quantum entropy, quantum channels, quantum Shannon theorems.
• [In Queue] APM426H1S/MAT1700HS* - General Relativity: Einstein's theory of gravity. Special relativity and the geometry of Lorentz manifolds. Gravity as a manifestation of spacetime curvature. Einstein's equations. Cosmological implications: big bang and inflationary universe. Schwarzschild stars: bending of light and perihelion precession of Mercury. Topics from black hole dynamics and gravitational waves. The Penrose singularity theorem.
• [In Queue] APM441H1 - Asymptotic and Perturbation Methods: Asymptotic series. Asymptotic methods for integrals: stationary phase and steepest descent. Regular perturbations for algebraic and differential equations. Singular perturbation methods for ordinary differential equations: W.K.B., strained co-ordinates, matched asymptotics, multiple scales. (Emphasizes techniques; problems drawn from physics and engineering)
• [In Queue] APM446H1/MAT1508H - Applied Nonlinear Equations: Partial differential equations appearing in physics, material sciences, biology, geometry, and engineering. Nonlinear evolution equations. Existence and long-time behaviour of solutions. Existence of static, traveling wave, self-similar, topological and localized solutions. Stability. Formation of singularities and pattern formation. Fixed point theorems, spectral analysis, bifurcation theory. Equations considered in this course may include: Allen-Cahn equation (material science), Ginzburg-Landau equation (condensed matter physics), Cahn-Hilliard (material science, biology), nonlinear Schroedinger equation (quantum and plasma physics, water waves, etc). mean curvature flow (geometry, material sciences), Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov (combustion theory, biology), Keller-Segel equations (biology), and Chern-Simons equations (particle and condensed matter physics).
• [In Queue] APM461H1S/MAT1302HS* - Combinatorial Methods: A selection of topics from such areas as graph theory, combinatorial algorithms, enumeration, construction of combinatorial identities.
• [In Queue] APM462H1 - Nonlinear Optimization: An introduction to first and second order conditions for finite and infinite dimensional optimization problems with mention of available software. Topics include Lagrange multipliers, Kuhn-Tucker conditions, convexity and calculus of variations. Basic numerical search methods and software packages which implement them will be discussed.
• [In Queue] APM466H1/MAT1856H - Mathematical Theory of Finance: Introduction to the basic mathematical techniques in pricing theory and risk management: Stochastic calculus, single-period finance, financial derivatives (tree-approximation and Black-Scholes model for equity derivatives, American derivatives, numerical methods, lattice models for interest-rate derivatives), value at risk, credit risk, portfolio theory.

• [Not Applicable]

• [Not Applicable]

• STA257H1 - Probability and Statistics I: A mathematically rigorous introduction to probability, with applications chosen to introduce concepts of statistical inference. Probability and expectation, discrete and continuous random variables and vectors, distribution and density functions, the law of large numbers. The binomial, geometric, Poisson, and normal distributions. The Central Limit Theorem. (Note: STA257H1 does not count as a distribution requirement course).
• STA261H1 - Probability and Statistics II: A rigorous introduction to the theory of statistical inference and to statistical practice. Statistical models, parameters, and samples. Estimators for parameters, sampling distributions for estimators, and the properties of consistency, bias, and variance. The likelihood function and the maximum likelihood estimator. Hypothesis tests and confidence regions. Examples illustrating statistical theory and its limitations. Introduction to the use of a computer environment for statistical analysis. (Note: STA261H1 does not count as a distribution requirement course).

• [In Queue] STA347H1 - Probability: An overview of probability from a non-measure theoretic point of view. Random variables/vectors; independence, conditional expectation/probability and consequences. Various types of convergence leading to proofs of the major theorems in basic probability. An introduction to simple stochastic processes such as Poisson and branching processes.
• [In Queue] STA355H1 - Theory of Statistical Practice: STA355H1 provides a unifying structure for the methods taught in other courses, and will enable students to read methodological research articles or articles with a large methodological component. Topics covered include statistical models and distributions; fundamentals of inference: estimation, hypothesis testing, and significance levels; likelihood functions and likelihood-based inference; prior distributions and Bayesian inference.

• [In Queue] STA422H1/STA2162H - Theory of Statistical Inference: This course examines current theory of statistical inference, particularly likelihood-based methods and Bayesian methods with an emphasis on resolving present conflicts; log-model expansion and asymptotics are primary tools.
• [In Queue] STA447H1/STA2006H - Stochastic Processes: Discrete and continuous time processes with an emphasis on Markov, Gaussian and renewal processes. Martingales and further limit theorems. A variety of applications taken from some of the following areas are discussed in the context of stochastic modeling: Information Theory, Quantum Mechanics, Statistical Analyses of Stochastic Processes, Population Growth Models, Reliability, Queuing Models, Stochastic Calculus, Simulation (Monte Carlo Methods).
• [In Queue] STA452H1 - Mathematical Statistics I: Statistical theory and its applications at an advanced mathematical level. Topics include probability and distribution theory as it specifically pertains to the statistical analysis of data. Linear models and the geometry of data, least squares and the connection to conditional expectation. The basic concept of inference and the likelihood function.
• [In Queue] STA453H1 - Mathematical Statistics II: Continuation of STA452H1: statistical theory and its applications at an advanced mathematical level. Topics include classical estimation, theory with methods based on the likelihood function and the likelihood statistics. Testing hypothesis and the evaluation of confidence from both a Bayesian and frequentist point of view.
• [In Queue] STA465H1/STA2016H - Theory and Methods for Complex Spatial Data: Data acquisition trends in the environmental, physical and health sciences are increasingly spatial in character and novel in the sense that modern sophisticated methods are required for analysis. This course will cover different types of random spatial processes and how to incorporate them into mixed effects models for Normal and non-Normal data. Students will be trained in a variety of advanced techniques for analyzing complex spatial data and, upon completion, will be able to undertake a variety of analyses on spatially dependent data, understand which methods are appropriate for various research questions, and interpret and convey results in the light of the original questions posed.

• STA302H1 - Methods of Data Analysis I: Introduction to data analysis with a focus on regression. Initial Examination of data. Correlation. Simple and multiple regression models using least squares. Inference for regression parameters, confidence and prediction intervals. Diagnostics and remedial measures. Interactions and dummy variables. Variable selection. Least squares estimation and inference for non-linear regression.
• STA303H1 - Methods of Data Analysis II: Analysis of variance for one-and two-way layouts, logistic regression, loglinear models, longitudinal data, introduction to time series.
• STA304H1 - Surveys, Sampling and Observational Data: Design of surveys, sources of bias, randomized response surveys. Techniques of sampling; stratification, clustering, unequal probability selection. Sampling inference, estimates of population mean and variances, ratio estimation. Observational data; correlation vs. causation, missing data, sources of bias.
• STA305H1 - Design and Analysis of Experiments: Experiments vs observational studies, experimental units. Designs with one source of variation. Complete randomized designs and randomized block designs. Factorial designs. Inferences for contrasts and means. Model assumptions. Crossed and nested treatment factors, random effects models. Analysis of variance and covariance. Sample size calculations.

• [In Queue] STA313H1 - Data Visualization: An introduction to data visualization and the use of visual and interactive representations of data to support human cognition. This course covers visualization techniques and algorithms based on principles from graphic design, perceptual psychology, cognitive science, and human-computer interaction. Topics include: graphic design, interaction, perception and cognition, communication, and ethics. Computational tutorials involve design review, implementation, and testing of information visualizations.
• [In Queue] STA314H1 - Statistical Methods for Machine Learning I: Statistical methods for supervised and unsupervised learning from data: training error, test error and cross-validation; classification, regression, and logistic regression; principal components analysis; stochastic gradient descent; decision trees and random forests; k-means clustering and nearest neighbour methods. Computational tutorials will support the efficient application of these methods.
• [In Queue] STA365H1 - Applied Bayesian Statistics: Bayesian inference has become an important applied technique and is especially valued to solve complex problems. This course first examines the basics of Bayesian inference. From there, this course looks at modern, computational methods and how to make inferences on complex data problems.
• [In Queue] STA410H1/STA2102H - Statistical Computation: Programming in an interactive statistical environment. Generating random variates and evaluating statistical methods by simulation. Algorithms for linear models, maximum likelihood estimation, and Bayesian inference. Statistical algorithms such as the Kalman filter and the EM algorithm. Graphical display of data.
• [In Queue] STA414H1/STA2104H - Statistical Methods for Machine Learning II: Probabilistic foundations of supervised and unsupervised learning methods such as naive Bayes, mixture models, and logistic regression. Gradient-based fitting of composite models including neural nets. Exact inference, stochastic variational inference, and Marko chain Monte Carlo. Variational autoencoders and generative adversarial networks.
• [In Queue] STA437H1/STA2005H - Methods for Multivariate Data: Practical techniques for the analysis of multivariate data; fundamental methods of data reduction with an introduction to underlying distribution theory; basic estimation and hypothesis testing for multivariate means and variances; regression coefficients; principal components and partial, multiple and canonical correlations; multivariate analysis of variance; profile analysis and curve fitting for repeated measurements; classification and the linear discriminant function.
• [In Queue] STA442H1 - Methods of Applied Statistics: Advanced topics in statistics and data analysis with emphasis on applications. Diagnostics and residuals in linear models, introduction to generalized linear models, graphical methods, additional topics such as random effects models, designed experiments, model selection, analysis of censored data, introduced as needed in the context of case studies.
• [In Queue] STA457H1/STA2202H - Time Series Analysis: An overview of methods and problems in the analysis of time series data. Topics include: descriptive methods, filtering and smoothing time series, theory of stationary processes, identification and estimation of time series models, forecasting, seasonal adjustment, spectral estimation, bivariate time series models.

• [In Queue] STA475H1 - Survival Analysis: An overview of theory and methods in the analysis of survival data. Topics include survival distributions and their applications, parametric and non-parametric methods, proportional hazards regression, and extensions to competing risks and multistate modelling.
• [In Queue] STA480H1/STA2080H - Fundamentals of Statistical Genetics: Statistical analysis of genetic data is an important emerging research area with direct impact on population health. This course provides an introduction to the concepts and fundamentals of statistical genetics, including current research directions. The course includes lectures and hands-on experience with R programming and state-of-the-art statistical genetics software packages.

• [In Queue] ACT350H1 - Applied Probability for Actuarial Science: The course offers an introduction to elementary probability theory and stochastic processes. The main goal of the course is to help actuarial students understand the concept of stochastic processes with particular emphasis on Markov chains that are of great importance in Life Contingencies and Property and Casualty insurance. The course will cover the following topics: a basic review of probabilities with emphasis on conditional probabilities and expectations, discrete time Markov chains, Poisson processes, continuous time Markov chains, renewal theory and some applications, queueing theory.
• [In Queue] ACT370H1 - Financial Principles for Actuarial Science II: Mathematical theory of financial derivatives, discrete and continuous option pricing models, hedging strategies and exotic option valuation.

• [In Queue] ACT455H1 - Advanced Life Contingencies: Advanced life contingencies, multiple decrement theory, insurance policy expenses, multi-state transition models, Poisson processes. This course is the last in the three-course series for life contingencies, following ACT247H1 and ACT348H1.
• [In Queue] ACT460H1 - Stochastic Methods for Actuarial Science and Finance: Applications of the lognormal distribution, Brownian motion, geometric Brownian motion, martingales, Ito's lemma, stochastic differential equations, interest rate models, the Black-Scholes model, volatility, value at risk, conditional tail expectation. Topics in advanced financial mathematics.

• [In Queue] ACT470H1 - Advanced Pension Mathematics: Topics in pension mathematics; funding methods for pension plans. (Offered in alternate years)
• [In Queue] ACT471H1 - Topics in Casualty Actuarial Science: This course will cover current topics relevant to industry participants. Topics may include advanced modeling, pricing for different lines of business, financial conditions, regulatory impacts and current developments. Students will develop an understanding of key topics driving the industry today and some of the framework of reference used by actuarial practitioners for charting a course in areas of uncertainties.

• [In Queue] ACT240H1 - Mathematics of Investment & Credit: Interest, discount and present values, as applied to determine prices and values of annuities, mortgages, bonds, equities; loan repayment schedules and consumer finance payments in general; yield rates on investments given the costs on investments.
• [In Queue] ACT245H1 - Financial Principles for Actuarial Science I: Term structure of interest rates, cashflow duration, convexity and immunization, forward and futures contracts, interest rate swaps, introduction to investment derivatives and hedging strategies.
• [In Queue] ACT247H1 - Introductory Life Contingencies: Probability theory applied to survival and to costs and risks of life assurances, life annuities, and pensions; analysis of survival distributions; international actuarial notation.

• [In Queue] ACT348H1 - Life Contingencies II: Determination of benefit premium and benefit reserves for life insurance and annuities; analysis of insurance loss random variables; theory of life contingencies for multiple lives. This is the second course in the life contingencies series, following ACT247H1.
• [In Queue] ACT349H1 - Corporate Finance for Actuarial Science: Corporate finance for actuarial science students.
• [In Queue] ACT371H1 - Basic Reserving Methods For P&C Insurance: Topics covered include reserving data and triangles, diagnoses methods that range from triangle of ratios of paid claims to reported claims to triangle of reported claim ratios. The syllabus also includes projection techniques. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.
• [In Queue] ACT372H1 - Basic Ratemaking Methods For P&C Insurance: This course covers the basic ratemaking methods for P&C insurance. It assumes that students are familiar with traditional reserving diagnoses and projection methods. The syllabus would introduce concepts related to earning of exposures, on-level factors, catastrophe loading, large loss loading and credibility. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

• [In Queue] ACT451H1 - Loss Models: Loss models policy adjustments, frequency and severity models, compound distributions.
• [In Queue] ACT452H1 - Loss Models II: Estimation of Loss and Survival Models using complete, censored and truncated data. Product-Limit estimation, empirical estimation, moment and percentile estimation, maximum likelihood estimation and simulation models.
• [In Queue] ACT466H1 - Credibility and Simulation: Limited fluctuation credibility, Bayesian estimation, Buhlmann credibility, non-parametric credibility methods, inverse transformation simulation method, specialized simulation methods for the normal and lognormal distributions, Monte Carlo methods, the bootstrap method.
• [In Queue] ACT475H1 - Insurance Products and Regulation with AXIS: Case studies using leading actuarial application AXIS. Examine key types of insurance products and their pricing and valuation. Review representative developments in insurance regulations in US, Europe and Canada. Other topics include a brief introduction of the use of AI in life insurance.

• PHY151H1 - Foundations of Physics I: The first physics course in many of the Specialist and Major Programs in Physical Sciences. It provides an introduction to the concepts, approaches and tools the physicist uses to describe the physical world while laying the foundation for classical and modern mechanics. Topics include: mathematics of physics, energy, momentum, conservation laws, kinematics, dynamics, and special relativity.
• PHY152H1 - Foundations of Physics II: The concept of fields will be introduced and discussed in the context of gravity and electricity. Topics include rotational motion, oscillations, waves, electricity and magnetism.
• [In Queue] ENV238H1 - Physics of the Changing Environment B: The course will cover basic physics of environmental processes and of measurement techniques in the atmosphere, the ocean, lake-land-forest systems, and other biological systems. It will place its work in the context of climate change and other aspects of environmental change. This course is solely intended for students who have completed a previous first year physics core course, who are in one of the following programs: Environmental Science Major or Minor, Environmental Geosciences Specialist or Earth and Environmental Systems Major.
• PHY250H1 - Electricity and Magnetism: An introductory course in Electromagnetism. Topics include: Point charges, Coulomb’s law, electrostatic field and potential, Gauss's Law, conductors, electrostatic energy, magnetostatics, Ampere's Law, Biot-Savart Law, the Lorentz Force Law, Faraday’s Law, Maxwell's equations in free space.
• PHY252H1 - Thermal Physics: The quantum statistical basis of macroscopic systems; definition of entropy in terms of the number of accessible states of a many particle system leading to simple expressions for absolute temperature, the canonical distribution, and the laws of thermodynamics. Specific effects of quantum statistics at high densities and low temperatures.
• PHY254H1 - Classical Mechanics: The course analyzes the linear, nonlinear and chaotic behaviour of classical mechanical systems such as harmonic oscillators, rotating bodies, and central field systems. The course will develop the analytical and numerical tools to solve such systems and determine their basic properties. The course will include mathematical analysis, numerical exercises using Python, and participatory demonstrations of mechanical systems.
• PHY256H1 - Introduction to Quantum Physics: Failures of classical physics; the Quantum revolution; Stern-Gerlach effect; harmonic oscillator; uncertainty principle; interference packets; scattering and tunneling in one-dimension.
• [In Queue] JPH311H1 - From Universal Gravity to Quantum Information: The Making of Modern Physics: Topics in the history of physics from antiquity to the 20th century, including Aristotelian physics, Galileo, Descartes, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, relativity, quantum physics, and particle physics. The development of theories in their intellectual and cultural contexts.
• PHY350H1 - Electromagnetic Theory: This course builds upon the knowledge and tools developed in PHY250H1. Topics include: solving Poisson and Laplace equations via method of images and separation of variables, multipole expansion for electrostatics, atomic dipoles and polarizability, polarization in dielectrics, multipole expansion in magnetostatics, magnetic dipoles, magnetization in matter, Maxwell’s equations in matter, conservation laws in electrodynamics, and electromagnetic waves.
• PHY354H1 - Advanced Classical Mechanics: Symmetry and conservation laws, stability and instability, generalized coordinates, Hamilton's principle, Hamilton's equations, phase space, Liouville's theorem, canonical transformations, Poisson brackets, Noether's theorem.
• PHY356H1 - Quantum Mechanics I: The general structure of wave mechanics; eigenfunctions and eigenvalues; operators; orbital angular momentum; spherical harmonics; central potential; separation of variables; hydrogen atom; Dirac notation; operator methods; harmonic oscillator and spin.
• [In Queue] PHY357H1 - Nuclear and Particle Physics: The subatomic particles; nuclei, baryons and mesons, quarks, leptons and bosons; the structure of nuclei and hadronic matter; symmetries and conservation laws; fundamental forces and interactions, electromagnetic, weak, and strong; a selection of other topics: CP violation, nuclear models, standard model, proton decay, supergravity, nuclear and particle astrophysics. This course is not a prerequisite for any PHY400-level course.
• [In Queue] PHY358H1 - Quantum Materials: from Atoms to Crystals: This course covers the most important iconic quantum systems, from the hydrogen atom through to solid state systems, focusing on how quantum mechanics is applied and determines physical properties of atoms, molecules, and crystals. It begins with the hydrogen atom, including orbital and spin angular momentum, spin-orbit coupling, and effects of the magnetic field, and then extends to systems of two identical particles: bosons vs. fermions and the helium atom with two electrons. Other topics include spin singlets and triplets, entanglement, perturbation theory, the effects of electron-electron interactions and diatomic molecules. For crystals, the course covers Fermi gases, Fermi surfaces, crystal structure, the reciprocal lattice, the nearly-free electron model, energy bands, and topology using low-dimensional models.
• [In Queue] PHY365H1 - Quantum Information: Introduction to quantum computing; Quantum states of multi-particle systems and Entanglement; Quantum Algorithms; Quantum Information Processing Technologies; Quantum error correction.
• [In Queue] PHY385H1 - Introductory Optics: An introduction to the physics of light. Topics covered include: electromagnetic waves and propagation of light; the Huygens and Fermat principles; geometrical optics and optical instruments; interference of waves and diffraction; polarization; introduction to photons, lasers, and optical fibers.
• [In Queue] PHY431H1 - Topics in Biological Physics: An introduction to the physical phenomena involved in the biological processes of living cells and complex systems. Models based on physical principles applied to cellular processes will be developed. Biological computational modeling will be introduced.
• JPH441H1 - Physical Science in Contemporary Society: This course will discuss the complex, real-life, ethical, and philosophical issues behind how science gets done, including questions such as how we as scientists strive to determine the truth; who determines what science is done, and on what basis; how we as a community manage science and make decisions about education, authorship, publication, hiring, et cetera (including issues related to equity, inclusivity, and diversity); and how we as a society fund science and apply its discoveries.
• [In Queue] PHY450H1S/PHY1510HS - Relativistic Electrodynamics: An introduction to relativistic electrodynamics. Topics include: special relativity, four-vectors and tensors, relativistic dynamics from the Principle of Stationary Action and Maxwell's equations in Lorentz covariant form. Noether's theorem for fields and the energy-momentum tensor. Fields of moving charges and electromagnetic radiation: retarded potential, Lienard-Wiechert potentials, multipole expansion, radiation reaction.
• PHY452H1 - Statistical Mechanics: Classical and quantum statistical mechanics of noninteracting systems; the statistical basis of thermodynamics; ensembles, partition function; thermodynamic equilibrium; stability and fluctuations; formulation of quantum statistics; theory of simple gases; ideal Bose and Fermi systems.
• [In Queue] PHY454H1 - Continuum Mechanics: The theory of continuous matter, including solid and fluid mechanics. Topics include the continuum approximation, dimensional analysis, stress, strain, the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations, vorticity, waves, instabilities, convection and turbulence.
• [In Queue] PHY456H1 - Quantum Mechanics II: Quantum dynamics in Heisenberg and Schrödinger pictures; WKB approximation; variational method; time-independent perturbation theory; spin; addition of angular momentum; time-dependent perturbation theory; scattering.
• PHY460H1F/PHY1460HF - Nonlinear Physics: The theory of nonlinear dynamical systems with applications to many areas of physics. Topics include stability, bifurcations, chaos, universality, maps, strange attractors and fractals. Geometric, analytical and computational methods will be developed.
• [In Queue] PHY483H1F/PHY1483HF - Relativity Theory I: Basis of Einstein's theory: differential geometry, tensor analysis, gravitational physics leading to General Relativity. Theory starting from solutions of Schwarzschild, Kerr, etc.
• [In Queue] PHY484H1S/PHY1484HS - Relativity Theory II: Applications of General Relativity to Astrophysics and Cosmology. Introduction to black holes, large-scale structure of the universe.
• [In Queue] PHY485H1S/PHY1485HS - Laser Physics: This course, which is intended to be an introduction to research in optical sciences, covers the statistics of optical fields and the physics of lasers. Topics include the principles of laser action, laser cavities, properties of laser radiation and its propagation, the diffraction of light, and spatial and temporal coherence.
• [In Queue] PHY487H1 - Condensed Matter Physics: Introduction to foundational concepts of condensed matter physics in the solid state. Main topics to be covered: crystal structure, reciprocal lattice, x-ray diffraction, crystal binding, lattice vibrations, phonons and electrons in solids, Fermi surfaces, energy bands, semiconductors and magnetism. Special topics to be surveyed: superconductivity and nanoelectronic transport.
• [In Queue] PHY489H1F/PHY1489HF - Introduction to High Energy Physics: This course introduces the basics of fundamental particles and the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces that govern their interactions in the Standard Model of particle physics. Topics include relativistic kinematics, conservation laws, particle decays and scattering processes, with an emphasis on the techniques used for calculating experimental observables.
• [In Queue] PHY491H1S/PHY1491HS - Current Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics: Different interpretations of quantum mechanics are presented and discussed, comparing and contrasting the various approaches to understanding the formalism of the theory. We begin with “textbook quantum mechanics” and then discuss the Copenhagen view, operationalist quantum mechanics, hidden variable theories, Bohm-de Broglie theory, consistent histories, relational quantum mechanics, relative state approaches (many minds and many worlds), QBism, the interactional interpretation, and collapse theories.

• [In Queue] PHY231H1 - Physics of Living Systems: An introductory course for students interested in understanding the physical phenomena occurring in biological systems and the applications of physics in life sciences. Topics may include physical processes inside living cells and systems, medical physics and imaging.
• [In Queue] PHY331H1 - Introduction to Biological Physics: A course for students interested in a deeper understanding of physical phenomena occurring in biological systems. Thermodynamics, diffusion, entropic forces, fluids, biological applications.
• [In Queue] PHY392H1 - Physics of Climate: This course provides an introduction to climate physics and the earth-atmosphere-ocean system. Topics include solar and terrestrial radiation; global energy balance; radiation laws; radiative transfer; atmospheric structure; convection; the meridional structure of the atmosphere; the general circulation of the atmosphere; the ocean and its circulation; and climate variability.
• PHY407H1 - Computational Physics: This is an introduction to scientific computing in physics. Students will be introduced to computational techniques used in a range of physics research areas. By considering select physics topics, students will learn basic computational methods for function analysis (computing integrals and derivatives; finding roots and extrema), resolution of linear and non-linear equations, eigenvalue problems, Fourier analysis, ODEs, PDEs and Monte Carlo techniques. As the course progresses, students will develop their skills at debugging, solution visualization, computational efficiency and accuracy. The course is based on python and will involve working on a set of computational labs throughout the semester as well as a final project.
• PHY408H1 - Time Series Analysis: The analysis of digital sequences; filters; the Fourier Transform; windows; truncation effects; aliasing; auto and cross-correlation; stochastic processes, power spectra; least squares filtering; application to real data series and experimental design.
• [In Queue] JPE395H1 - Physics of the Earth: Designed for students interested in the physics of the Earth and the planets. Study of the Earth as a unified dynamic system; determination of major internal divisions in the planet; development and evolution of the Earth's large scale surface features through plate tectonics; the age and thermal history of the planet; Earth's gravitational field and the concept of isostasy; mantle rheology and convection; Earth tides; geodetic measurement techniques, in particular modern space-based techniques.
• [In Queue] PHY492H1F/PHY1498HF - Advanced Atmospheric Physics: A preparatory course for research in experimental and theoretical atmospheric physics. Content will vary from year to year. Themes may include techniques for remote sensing of the Earth's atmosphere and surface; theoretical atmosphere-ocean dynamics; the physics of clouds, precipitation, and convection in the Earth's atmosphere.
• [In Queue] JPE493H1F/JPE1493HF - Seismology: Why do earthquakes occur and how are they related to tectonic motion of the Earth's surface? What is the physics behind the propagation of seismic waves through the Earth, and how can it be used to determine the internal structures of the Earth? This introductory course is aimed at understanding the physics behind seismic wave propagation, as well as asymptotic and numerical solutions to the elastodynamic equation. Travel time and amplitude of seismic waves are discussed based on seismic ray theory, while numerical methods are introduced to obtain accurate solutions to more complex velocity structures. Seismic tomographic methods, including their applications to hydrocarbon reservoir imaging, are also covered.

• [In Queue] PHY189H1 - Introduction to Research Methods in the Physical and Mathematical Sciences: This course is an introduction to research challenges and methods in physical and mathematical sciences. Topics include documenting scientific work, literature searches, building a basic measurement system, mathematical modelling and measurement of simple physical systems, basic computational analysis of data, debugging (measurements, analysis, code, ...), evaluating uncertainties, ethical and social issues in science, and communicating scientific work orally and in writing.
• PHY224H1 - Practical Physics I: Develops the core practical experimental and computational skills necessary to do physics. Students tackle simple physics questions involving mathematical models, computational simulations and solutions, experimental measurements, data and uncertainty analysis.
• PHY324H1 - Practical Physics II: A modular practical course that further develops the core experimental and computational skills necessary to do physics. Modules include: experimental skills building, computational tools in data and uncertainty analysis, and independent experimental projects.
• PHY405H1 - Electronics Lab: Electrical circuits, networks and devices are all-pervasive in the modern world. This laboratory course is an introduction to the world of electronics. Students will learn the joys and perils of electronics, by designing, constructing and debugging circuits and devices. The course will cover topics ranging from filters and operational amplifiers to micro-controllers, and will introduce students to concepts such as impedance, transfer functions, feedback and noise.
• PHY424H1 - Advanced Physics Laboratory: Experiments in this course are designed to form a bridge to current experimental research. A wide range of exciting experiments relevant to modern research in physics is available. The laboratory is normally open from 9 a.m. - 4 p.m., Monday to Friday.
• [In Queue] PHY426H1 - Advanced Practical Physics I: This course is a continuation of PHY424H1, but students have more freedom to progressively focus on specific areas of physics, do extended experiments, projects, or computational modules.
• [In Queue] PHY428H1 - Advanced Practical Physics II: This course is a continuation of PHY426H1, but students have more freedom to progressively focus on specific areas of physics, do extended experiments, projects, or computational modules.
• [In Queue] PHY429H1 - Advanced Practical Physics III: This course is a continuation of PHY428H1, but students have more freedom to progressively focus on specific areas of physics, do extended experiments, projects, or computational modules.

• [In Queue] CHM101H1 - The Chemistry and Biology of Organic Molecules: Sex, Drugs and Rock and Roll!: An introduction to chemistry and chemical principles for non-scientists, with a focus on the chemistry and biology of organic molecules. The myriad roles these compounds play in our lives are discussed, including their use of pheromones, medicines and weapons, and their effect on colour, taste and smell.
• [In Queue] CHM151Y1 - Chemistry: The Molecular Science: An introduction to the major areas of modern chemistry, including organic and biological chemistry; inorganic/materials chemistry and spectroscopy; and physical chemistry/chemical physics. The course is highly recommended for students who plan to enrol in one of the chemistry specialist programs, or who will be including a substantial amount of chemistry in their degree (such as those following a chemistry major or minor program). The combination of CHM151Y1 and CHM249H1 serves as a full year introductory course in organic chemistry with laboratory.
• [In Queue] CHM210H1 - Chemistry of Environmental Change: This course examines the fundamental chemical processes of the Earth’s natural environment, and changes induced by human activity. Topics covered are related to the atmosphere and the hydrosphere: urban air pollution, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, climate change, water resources and pollution, wastewater analysis, biogeochemistry, and inorganic metals in the environment. Skills in data analysis and visualization will be developed through an introduction to the R programming language and its use in several assignments.
• [In Queue] CHM217H1 - Introduction to Analytical Chemistry: Introduction to the science of chemical measurement, from sampling through analysis to the interpretation of results, including how water, food products, pharmaceuticals, and dietary supplements are analysed for content, quality, and potential contaminants. Also how to interpret experimental measurements, compare results and procedures, and calibrate analytical instrumentation. Through closely integrated classes, laboratories, and tutorials, this highly practical course introduces a variety of analytical techniques including volumetric methods, potentiometry, uv/visible and infrared spectrophotometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and chromatography. Additional information can be found at http://www.chem.utoronto.ca/coursenotes/CHM217/.
• [In Queue] CHM222H1 - Introduction to Physical Chemistry: Topics: introductory thermodynamics, first and second law and applications; chemical equilibrium. The course is intended for students who will be following the majority of chemistry specialist programs (Biological Chemistry specialist students are highly recommended to take CHM220H1).
• [In Queue] CHM223H1 - Physical Chemistry: The Molecular Viewpoint: A continuation of CHM220H1 or CHM222H1 for students wishing to take some additional material in physical chemistry. The course covers topics in quantum mechanics and spectroscopy.
• [In Queue] CHM236H1 - Introductory Inorganic Chemistry I: Inorganic chemistry is the chemistry of all the periodic table elements and includes the synthesis of the largest volume chemicals on Earth, the key energy-generating reactions and catalysts needed for a green planet, and compounds exploited in modern electronic and photonic devices. This is the first part (followed by CHM237H1 and then CHM338H1) of a two-year sequence illustrating the rich variety of structures, physical properties, and reactions of compounds of the elements across and down the periodic table. It includes fundamentals of bonding, symmetry, and acid-base/ redox reactions of molecular compounds and transition metal complexes and applications of this chemistry in the world. CHM236H1 is recommended for students interested in broadly learning about chemistry across the periodic table.
• [In Queue] CHM237H1 - Introductory Inorganic Chemistry II: This course is a continuation from CHM236H1 which further studies the chemistry of the elements across the periodic table. It will cover topics that include the periodic properties of the elements, the structures, bonding and properties of main group compounds and transition metal complexes, inorganic solid-state materials, and solid-state chemistry with applications in advanced technologies. A strong emphasis on developing laboratory techniques and communication skills is made through the practical component of the course. CHM236H1 is strongly recommended for students exploring experimental synthetic chemistry as part of their degree program.
• [In Queue] CHM249H1 - Organic Chemistry: An introductory course in organic chemistry, based around the themes of structure, bonding, reaction mechanism, and synthesis. Reactions are discussed with a view to understanding mechanisms and how they are useful in the multi-step synthesis of medicinally and industrially important compounds. An introduction to the spectroscopy of organic molecules is also given, as well as a discussion of topics relating to the biological behaviour of organic molecules and medicinal chemistry. Students are also introduced to green chemistry approaches from an experimental perspective. This course continues from CHM151Y1 or CHM136H1 and is designed for students enrolled in any chemistry specialist or major program.
• [In Queue] JSC301H1 - Principles and Practices in Science Education: Fundamental principles and practices in education and public outreach in the sciences, mathematics, and engineering, including education research, curriculum, teaching, and assessment. Students will learn and apply effective strategies which engage and educate learners at the K-16 and public level. The course assignments include a project and/or placement experience.
• [In Queue] CHM310H1 - Environmental Fate and Toxicity of Organic Contaminants: Organic chemical contaminants surround us in our everyday lives (e.g. in medications, personal care products, flame retardants, refrigerants) and because of this, they are present in the environment and in ourselves. In this course we will explore the fate of chemicals in the environment as a whole, as well as in the body, to understand how chemicals can be designed to mitigate the risks associated with their use and unintended release. Specific topics will include environmental partitioning; environmentally-relevant transformation processes; the chemistry and effects of redox-active species; and the toxicity/detoxification of electrophilic species in the body. Skills in big data analysis and environmental modeling will be developed through an introduction to the R programming language at the beginner level.
• [In Queue] CHM317H1 - Introduction to Instrumental Methods of Analysis: Scope of instrumental analytical chemistry; Fourier transform IR absorption spectroscopy; molecular luminescence; emission spectroscopy; mass spectrometry; sensors; gas and high performance liquid chromatography; instrument design principles and applications in industry and the environment.
• [In Queue] CHM326H1 - Introductory Quantum Mechanics and Spectroscopy: This course introduces the postulates of quantum mechanics to develop the fundamental framework of quantum theory. A number of exactly soluble problems are treated in detail as examples. Perturbation theory is introduced in the context of understanding many body problems. Various applications to chemical bonding and molecular spectroscopy are covered in detail.
• [In Queue] CHM327H1 - Experimental Physical Chemistry: Students are introduced to physical chemistry laboratory work in a project-based approach in which they develop, design, and implement projects that address fundamental and applied questions in physical chemistry. The course also involves class material related to working as an experimental physical chemist.
• [In Queue] CHM328H1 - Modern Physical Chemistry: This course explores the microscopic description of macroscopic phenomena in chemistry. Statistical mechanics is introduced as the bridge between the microscopic and macroscopic views, and applied to a variety of chemical problems including reaction dynamics. More advanced topics in thermodynamics are introduced and discussed as required.
• [In Queue] CHM338H1 - Intermediate Inorganic Chemistry: Further study of the structures, physical properties, and reactions of transition metals. Introductions to spectroscopy, structural analysis, reaction mechanisms, d-block organometallic compounds, applications of metal, and main group compounds in catalysis. The weekly laboratory explores advanced synthetic and spectroscopic techniques including air- and moisture-sensitive chemistry and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, with a strong emphasis on developing scientific communication skills.
• [In Queue] CHM342H1 - Modern Organic Synthesis: An overview of the preparation of various classes of organic compounds. Strategies and tactics of synthetic organic chemistry using examples from natural products and pharmaceuticals. C-C bond formation, functional group reactivity, structure, stereochemistry and selectivity.
• [In Queue] CHM343H1 - Organic Synthesis Techniques: This laboratory course showcases modern organic synthesis techniques and introduces chemical research principles. It provides excellent preparation for a CHM499Y1 project in organic chemistry. Associated classes teach theory and problem-solving approaches from a practical perspective and through industrial case studies. Green chemistry decision-making is a central theme of both the class and laboratory components.
• [In Queue] CHM347H1 - Organic Chemistry of Biological Compounds: An organic chemical approach to the structure and reactions of major classes of biological molecules: carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides and proteins, phosphates, lipids, heterocycles, vitamins, nucleotides, and polynucleotides. This is achieved through studies of advanced stereochemistry, chemical modification, reactions, and synthesis. In addition to classes and reading from texts, there will be opportunities for independent written assignments on several of the topics.
• [In Queue] CHM348H1 - Organic Reaction Mechanisms: Principles and methods of analyzing and predicting organic chemical reactivity: advanced stereochemistry, conformational analysis, molecular orbitals, reaction kinetics, isotope effects, linear free energy relationships, orbital transformations, systematization of mechanisms. The laboratory section is used to illustrate the operation of the principles, including examples of data acquisition for mechanistic analysis and theoretical computations. Regular original reports on methods and outcomes are an important part of the laboratory.
• [In Queue] CHM355H1 - Introduction to Inorganic and Polymer Materials Chemistry: Fashioned to illustrate how inorganic and polymer materials chemistry can be rationally used to synthesize superconductors, metals, semiconductors, ceramics, elastomers, thermoplastics, thermosets and polymer liquid crystals, with properties that can be tailored for applications in a range of advanced technologies. Coverage is fairly broad and is organized to crosscut many aspects of the field.
• [In Queue] CHM379H1 - Biomolecular Chemistry: This course provides an opportunity to learn core techniques in biological chemistry in a small group laboratory setting. It provides excellent preparation for a CHM499Y1 project in biological chemistry or related areas. Classes will discuss the theory behind the techniques and highlight how they are used in modern biological chemistry research and practice. Note: CHM379H1 can be used as the biochemistry lab requirement for students completing double majors in chemistry and biochemistry.
• [In Queue] CHM410H1 - Analytical Environmental Chemistry: An analytical theory, instrumental, and methodology course focused on the measurement of pollutants in soil, water, air, and biological tissues and the determination of physical/chemical properties including vapour pressure, degradation rates, partitioning. Lab experiments involve application of theory.
• [In Queue] CHM414H1 - Biosensors and Chemical Sensors: The development, design, and operation of biosensors and chemical sensors, including: biosensor technology, transducer theory and operation, device design and fabrication, surface modification and methods of surface analysis, flow injection analysis and chemometrics.
• [In Queue] CHM415H1 - Topics in Atmospheric Chemistry: Building upon the introductory understanding of atmospheric chemistry provided in CHM210H1, this course develops a quantitative description of chemical processes in the atmosphere. Modern research topics in the field are discussed, such as aerosol chemistry and formation mechanisms, tropospheric organic chemistry, the chemistry of climate including cloud formation and geoengineering, biosphere-atmosphere interactions, and the chemistry of remote environments. Mathematical models of atmospheric chemistry are developed; reading is from the scientific literature; class discussion is emphasized.
• [In Queue] CHM416H1 - Separation Science: This course provides theoretical and practical background useful for engaging in cutting-edge chemical separations in chemistry, biology, medicine, engineering, research, and industry. The course covers general separations concepts and principles, with an emphasis on liquid chromatography and its various modes, including partition chromatography, ion chromatography, enantiomer chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, and affinity chromatography. Other topics include materials and instrumentation, gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, electrophoresis and related techniques, and a host of miscellaneous separation (e.g., TLC, FFF, CF) and extraction (e.g., LLE, SPE, SPME) modalities. Classes are supplemented with online/virtual laboratory exercises.
• [In Queue] CHM417H1 - Laboratory Instrumentation: This course provides an introduction to building and using optics- and electronics-based instrumentation for laboratory research, as well as for implementing custom software control. Class topics include passive electronic components, diodes and transistors, operational amplifiers, analogue-to-digital conversion, light sources and detectors, reflectors, refractors, polarizers, diffractors, and many others. Classes are supplemented by laboratories in which students work in teams to build fluorescent detection systems for chromatography over the course of several weeks.
• [In Queue] CHM423H1 - Applications of Quantum Mechanics: Applications of time independent and time dependent perturbation theory to atomic and molecular problems, selection of topics from WKB approximation and the classical limit; the interaction of light with matter; elementary atomic scattering theory; molecular bonding.
• [In Queue] CHM427H1 - Statistical Mechanics: Ensemble theory in statistical mechanics. Applications, including imperfect gases and liquid theories. Introduction to non-equilibrium problems.
• [In Queue] CHM432H1 - Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis: Structure, bonding, and reactions of organometallic compounds, with emphasis on basic mechanisms, and industrial processes. Addition, metalation, elimination, important catalytic cycles, electrophilic, and nucleophilic reactions are considered on a mechanistic basis. Topics on modern organometallic chemistry and catalysis are covered.
• [In Queue] CHM437H1 - Bioinorganic Chemistry: This course examines the use of metals in biology. Topics include naturally occurring and medicinal ligands; transport, uptake and control of concentration of metal ions; and physical methods of characterization of metal binding sites. The roles of metal ions in nature are discussed, including as structural and signaling elements in proteins, nucleic acids and DNA-binding complexes and proteins; as Lewis-acid centres in enzymes; as carriers of electrons, atoms and groups in redox proteins and enzymes; and as sources of biominerals; as radiopharmaceuticals.
• [In Queue] CHM440H1 - The Synthesis of Modern Pharmaceutical Agents: This course provides an overview of reactions and synthetic strategies that are being used at different stages of the drug development process. Using representative examples from the literature, we will concentrate on synthesis of complex heterocyclic compounds.
• [In Queue] CHM441H1 - Spectroscopic Analysis in Organic Chemistry: Structure and stereochemistry determination using modern spectroscopic techniques. Several techniques are discussed but particular emphasis is given to NMR (1H and 13C NMR) and mass spectrometry. The approach taken emphasizes applications of these spectroscopic methods to organic problems. Students are trained to run their own spectra (IR, UV, NMR, GC-MS).

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