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Vim Grammar

Commands, Motions and Text Objects

Cryptic Commands

cit<td>Value</td><ESC>llci</tr<ESC>^ci<tr

  • Before: <li>Value</li>
  • After: <tr><td>Value</td></tr>

???

confused cat

Vim has grammar, just like English

Simple English Grammar

<subject> <verb> <object>

I love Vim

Simple Vim Grammar

<command> <motion>

dw (delete word)

Motions

Move your cursor

Common motions

  • h, j, k, l just like the arrow keys
  • ^ beginning of line
  • $ end of line (think regex)

Words

  • w move forward one word
  • b move to beginning of word
  • e move to end of word

Visual mode

Slow, can be a crutch

Common Vim commands

  • d Delete (also cut)
  • c Change
  • y Yank (copy)
  • = Auto-indent
  • </> Indent left/right

Double commands

  • dd Delete the current line
  • cc Change current line
  • yy Yank current line

Combos

  • d$ Delete till the end of the line
  • c^ Change till the beginning of the line
  • dj Delete the current line and the one below

Composite motions

  • t<char> till character (excluding character)
  • f<char> find character

Can be combined with a command

  • dtl Delete till the l
  • cfe Change up to (and including) e

Modifiers

When you need more than one

<command> <modifier> <motion>

  • d3j Delete the current line and 3 lines below it
  • d4t) Delete till the fourth parenthesis

Text Objects

Representing text concepts

  • iw/aw inner/around word
  • is/as inner/around sentence
  • ip/ap inner/around paragraph
  • it/at inner/around tag

Text objects can't be used by themselves

Text objects don't require your cursor to be at the beginning

Combining with commands and modifiers

<command> <modifier> <text object>

  • dap delete around paragraph: delete paragraph including surrounding whitespace

  • d2as delete around two sentences

Delimiters as text objects

ci( change inner parenthesis ci" change inner double quotes

Back to our original problem

cit<td>Value</td><ESC>llci</tr<ESC>^ci<tr

  • Before: <li>Value</li>
  • After: <tr><td>Value</td></tr>

Adding <td>

cit<td>Value</td><ESC>

Change contents of tag to <td>Value</td>, return to normal mode

Changes

  • Before: <li>Value</li>
  • After: <li><td>Value</td></li>

Closing <li>

llci</tr<ESC>

Move right two characters, change the contents of the angle brackets to /tr, return to normal mode

Changes

  • Before: <li><td>Value</td></li>
  • After: <li><td>Value</td></tr>

Opening <li>

^ci<tr

Move to the beginning of the line, change to contents of the angle brackets to tr

Changes

  • Before: <li><td>Value</td></tr>
  • After: <tr><td>Value</td></tr>

Extending your vocabulary

Adding more verbs and nouns

Commands

  • tpope/vime-commentary comments out the given text object

Text objects

  • nelstrom/vim-textobj-rubyblock ruby blocks
  • michaeljsmith/vim-indent-object indentation level

Joël Quenneville