Store maximum probe length in OrderedDicts

* When sorting an OrderedDict, it's possible that the probe length will
  exceed the maximum probe length previously defined.  To prevent this,
  store and use the maximum probe length (and let it grow beyond the
  previously fixed length if needed).
* Also now reuses deleted slots instead of skipping them.  Previously,
  deleted slots were not reclaimed until the dictionary was rehashed.

src/ordered_dict.jl

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# These can be changed, to trade off better performance for space
+const global maxallowedprobe = isdefined(Base, :maxallowedprobe) ? Base.maxallowedprobe : 16
+const global maxprobeshift   = isdefined(Base, :maxprobeshift) ? Base.maxprobeshift : 6
+
 # OrderedDict
 
 """
@@ -11,10 +15,11 @@ mutable struct OrderedDict{K,V} <: AbstractDict{K,V}
     keys::Array{K,1}
     vals::Array{V,1}
     ndel::Int
+    maxprobe::Int
     dirty::Bool
 
     function OrderedDict{K,V}() where {K,V}
-        new{K,V}(zeros(Int32,16), Vector{K}(), Vector{V}(), 0, false)
+        new{K,V}(zeros(Int32,16), Vector{K}(), Vector{V}(), 0, 0, false)
     end
     function OrderedDict{K,V}(kv) where {K,V}
         h = OrderedDict{K,V}()
@@ -37,7 +42,7 @@ mutable struct OrderedDict{K,V} <: AbstractDict{K,V}
             rehash!(d)
         end
         @assert d.ndel == 0
-        new{K,V}(copy(d.slots), copy(d.keys), copy(d.vals), 0)
+        new{K,V}(copy(d.slots), copy(d.keys), copy(d.vals), 0, d.maxprobe, false)
     end
 end
 OrderedDict() = OrderedDict{Any,Any}()
@@ -104,6 +109,10 @@ function convert(::Type{OrderedDict{K,V}}, d::AbstractDict) where {K,V}
 end
 convert(::Type{OrderedDict{K,V}},d::OrderedDict{K,V}) where {K,V} = d
 
+isslotempty(slot_value::Integer) = slot_value == 0
+isslotfilled(slot_value::Integer) = slot_value > 0
+isslotmissing(slot_value::Integer) = slot_value < 0
+
 function rehash!(h::OrderedDict{K,V}, newsz = length(h.slots)) where {K,V}
     olds = h.slots
     keys = h.keys
@@ -122,6 +131,7 @@ function rehash!(h::OrderedDict{K,V}, newsz = length(h.slots)) where {K,V}
     end
 
     slots = zeros(Int32, newsz)
+    maxprobe = 0
 
     if h.ndel > 0
         ndel0 = h.ndel
@@ -139,22 +149,24 @@ function rehash!(h::OrderedDict{K,V}, newsz = length(h.slots)) where {K,V}
                 isdeleted = false
                 if !ptrs
                     iter = 0
-                    maxprobe = max(16, sz>>6)
                     index = (hashk & (sz-1)) + 1
-                    while iter <= maxprobe
+                    while iter <= h.maxprobe
                         si = olds[index]
-                        #si == 0 && break  # shouldn't happen
                         si == from && break
-                        si == -from && (isdeleted=true; break)
+                        # if we find si == 0, then the key was deleted and it's slot was reused/overwritten
+                        (si == -from || si == 0) && (isdeleted = true; break)
                         index = (index & (sz-1)) + 1
                         iter += 1
                     end
+                    iter > h.maxprobe && (isdeleted = true)  # Another case where the slot was reused/overwritten
                 end
                 if !isdeleted
-                    index = (hashk & (newsz-1)) + 1
+                    index0 = index = (hashk & (newsz-1)) + 1
                     while slots[index] != 0
                         index = (index & (newsz-1)) + 1
                     end
+                    probe = (index - index0) & (newsz-1)
+                    probe > maxprobe && (maxprobe = probe)
                     slots[index] = to
                     newkeys[to] = k
                     newvals[to] = vals[from]
@@ -172,10 +184,12 @@ function rehash!(h::OrderedDict{K,V}, newsz = length(h.slots)) where {K,V}
     else
         @inbounds for i = 1:count0
             k = keys[i]
-            index = hashindex(k, newsz)
+            index0 = index = hashindex(k, newsz)
             while slots[index] != 0
                 index = (index & (newsz-1)) + 1
             end
+            probe = (index - index0) & (newsz-1)
+            probe > maxprobe && (maxprobe = probe)
             slots[index] = i
             if h.ndel > 0
                 # if items are removed by finalizers, retry
@@ -185,6 +199,7 @@ function rehash!(h::OrderedDict{K,V}, newsz = length(h.slots)) where {K,V}
     end
 
     h.slots = slots
+    h.maxprobe = maxprobe
     return h
 end
 
@@ -216,14 +231,14 @@ function ht_keyindex(h::OrderedDict{K,V}, key, direct) where {K,V}
     slots = h.slots
     sz = length(slots)
     iter = 0
-    maxprobe = max(16, sz>>6)
+    maxprobe = h.maxprobe
     index = hashindex(key, sz)
     keys = h.keys
 
     @inbounds while iter <= maxprobe
         si = slots[index]
-        si == 0 && break
-        if si > 0 && isequal(key, keys[si])
+        isslotempty(si) && break
+        if isslotfilled(si) && isequal(key, keys[si])
             return ifelse(direct, oftype(index, si), index)
         end
 
@@ -241,22 +256,41 @@ function ht_keyindex2(h::OrderedDict{K,V}, key) where {K,V}
     slots = h.slots
     sz = length(slots)
     iter = 0
-    maxprobe = max(16, sz>>6)
+    maxprobe = h.maxprobe
     index = hashindex(key, sz)
     keys = h.keys
+    avail = 0
 
     @inbounds while iter <= maxprobe
         si = slots[index]
-        if si == 0
+        if isslotempty(si)
+            avail < 0 && return avail
             return -index
-        elseif si > 0 && isequal(key, keys[si])
+        end
+
+        if isslotmissing(si)
+            avail == 0 && (avail = -index)
+        elseif isequal(key, keys[si])
             return oftype(index, si)
         end
 
         index = (index & (sz-1)) + 1
         iter += 1
     end
 
+    avail < 0 && return avail
+
+    # If key is not present, may need to keep searching to find slot
+    maxallowed = max(maxallowedprobe, sz>>maxprobeshift)
+    @inbounds while iter < maxallowed
+        if !isslotfilled(slots[index])
+            h.maxprobe = iter
+            return -index
+        end
+        index = (index & (sz-1)) + 1
+        iter += 1
+    end
+
     rehash!(h, length(h) > 64000 ? sz*2 : sz*4)
 
     return ht_keyindex2(h, key)

test/test_ordered_dict.jl

@@ -435,4 +435,19 @@ using OrderedCollections, Test
         @test eltype(OrderedDict(tuple(String => String, SubString => SubString))) == Pair{Type,Type}
     end
 
+    @testset "Issue #71" begin
+        od = OrderedDict(Dict(i=>0 for i=1:158))
+        sort!(od)
+        @test od[158] == 0
+    end
+
+    @testset "Issue #71b" begin
+        # This is actually a simplified version of #60, which was triggered while fixing #71
+        # It doesn't actually fail on previous versions of OrderedCollections
+        od = OrderedDict{Int,Int}(13=>13)
+        delete!( od, 13 )
+        od[14]=14
+        @test od[14] == 14
+    end
+
 end # @testset OrderedDict