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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style">Bibliography of <br /></p>
<p class="paragraph_style">Ethnic Cleansing in the<br /></p>
<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style">Former Yugoslavia</p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_1">These descriptive bibliographies are added to on a rotating basis, and are not necessarily in alphabetical order. </p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2">Vulliamy, Ed. Seasons in hell: understanding Bosnia's war. New York, N.Y.: St. Martin's Press, 1994.<br /></p>
<p class="paragraph_style_3"><br /></p>
<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_3">Vulliamy, a British journalist with keen powers of observation and nerves of steel, describes what he saw during his 1992-1993 coverage of the war in Bosnia. Much of his compelling narrative consists of scenes in which drunken thugs and uniformed lynch mobs perpetrate outrages and atrocities against civilians, including the systematic rape of women. The testimony he collected for his chapter on rape in the war zone encompasses, as he puts it, "every conceivable dark cranny of sexual sadism and male violence." Vulliamy denounces the UN and the European Community for failing to come to the aid of Bosnia's stillborn democracy, especially its Muslim population, and for denying them the means to defend themselves. His coverage of the fighting in the former Yugoslavia earned him Grenada Television's Foreign Correspondent of the Year award in 1992. Photos. Publishers Weekly(Copyright 1994 Reed Business Information, Inc.) 370 pages.</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2">Chandler, David. Bosnia: faking democracy after Dayton. London: Pluto Press, 2000.<br /></p>
<p class="paragraph_style_3"><br /></p>
<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_3">The Dayton Accords brought the Bosnian war to an end in November 1995, establishing a detailed framework for the reconstitution of the Bosnian state and its consolidation through a process of democratisation. In Bosnia David Chandler makes the first in-depth critical analysis of the policies and impact of post-Dayton democratisation. Drawing on interviews with key officials within the OSCE in Bosnia and extensive original research exploring the impact of policies designed to further political pluralism, develop multi-ethnic administrations, protect human rights and support civil society, Chandler reveals that the process has done virtually nothing to develop democracy in this troubled country. Political autonomy and accountability are now further away than at any time since the outbreak of the Bosnian war. The Afterword to this new edition updates Bosnian developments and adds an analysis of the structures and problems of the international protectorate in Kosovo. Amazon.com. 268 pages.</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2">Abrahams, Fred, Eric Stover, and Gilles Peress. A village destroyed, May 14, 1999: war crimes in Kosovo. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.<br /></p>
<p class="paragraph_style_3"><br /></p>
<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_3">Assembled under the auspices of the Human Rights Center at the University of California at Berkeley and Human Rights Watch, this book documents, in a manner that leaves no room for doubt or ambiguity, an account of a Serb massacre in the Kosovar towns of Cuska, Zahac and Pavljan. After an introduction by Human Rights Watch communications director Carroll Bogert, the book centers on a series of photographs by New Yorker photographer and HRW research associate Peress taken in the aftermath of the killings, showing fresh graves, massive displacement, bullet holes and trauma victims, along with a family photo album caked with mud and, elsewhere, a man pulling along his exhausted grandmother in a metal cart. In chapters like "The Case," "On Method" and "The Victims," text by HRW senior researchers Abrahams and Stover, who is also a professor at Berkeley's School of Public Health, clearly outline the investigators' discovery process, which included showing to survivors photographs of soldiers that had been scanned into a laptop. A chapter called "Self-Portraits" shows pictures taken by Serbian soldiers of themselves (the undeveloped film was found in a field in Kosovo) backlit by fires and mayhem. The 52 color and 109 b&w photos are most powerful when the authors let the images and victims' words speak for themselves, doing the necessary work of forcing this horror into history. Publishers Weekly (Copyright 2002 Reed Business Information, Inc.). 208 pages.</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2">Glenny, Misha. The fall of Yugoslavia: the third Balkan war. London: Penguin, 1996.<br /></p>
<p class="paragraph_style_3"><br /></p>
<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_3">The "bestiality" of what Glenny calls the Third Balkan War "springs the boundaries of moral comprehension," but our understanding of the Yugoslav civil war is aided by these two excellent works of reportage. They convey sensitively, vividly, and fairly completely the roots of this savage conflict. And both books do well what good journalism on the subject should do best: depict the human texture and political insides of Yugoslavia's "terminal crisis." Glenny, a well-known European journalist, presents a rich picture of "the rotten ship of Yugoslavia," tracing the conflict from 1990 to mid-1992. He conveys well aspects of the conflict we hear little of and warns of problems yet to be faced: Kosovo, Macedonia, and Turkish ambitions. British journalist Thompson presents an insightful report, reflecting his travels through Yugoslavia's republics and providing a nuanced exploration of the country's collapse. Unfortunately, his discussion of Macedonia reads as an afterthought, too little for an area that could well set another fire ablaze. Both books are recommended for academic and larger public libraries. See also Branka Magas's The Destruction of Yugoslavia , reviewed below.--Ed. - Henry Steck, SUNY Coll. at Cortland, Library Journal (Copyright 1993 Reed Business Information, Inc.). 336 pages.</p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2">Nizich, Ivana. War crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina: volume II. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 1993.</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2">Ignatieff, Michael. Virtual war: Kosovo and beyond. New York: Picador USA, 2001.<br /></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_3">Timed to coincide with the first anniversary of the 1999 war in Kosovo, these works represent a worthy first draft of history. Freelance correspondent Judah explores the historical context underlying the Kosovo conflict and explains why NATO went to war in the misguided belief that a brief air campaign would force Slobodan Milosevic to buckle. He attributes the outbreak of war largely to human error on both sides: Serbian leaders refused to admit that their position in Kosovo was untenable, while the West sacrificed its credibility by repeatedly issuing empty threats of force and drastically underestimated the resolve of Belgrade to withstand a few days' bombardment. Ignatieff, a BBC commentator and eyewitness to the war, examines the troubling aspects of what he calls "virtual" war. Modern technology has made the West virtually unbeatable on the battlefield, while evolving notions of human rights have legitimized intervention in the affairs of sovereign states. Yet the detachment of Western citizens from recent wars, compounded by the widespread revulsion for casualties, dictated an ineffective military strategy in Kosovo. Allied aircraft delivered their munitions from 15,000 feet in order to prevent the loss of aircraft and crews. Thus, NATO military operations never addressed the political objectives justifying the war--notably, protecting Kosovar Albanians from Serb forces in the province. Ignatieff's thoughtful analysis helps explain why the West has seldom been able to back its lofty ideals with decisive force. Both works are strongly recommended for all libraries. -James R. Holmes, Ph.D. Candidate, Fletcher Sch. of Law and Diplomacy, Belmont, MA. Library Journal (Copyright 2000 Reed Business Information, Inc.). 256 pages.</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2">Kaplan, Robert D. Balkan ghosts: a journey through history. New York: Picador, 2005.<br /></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_3">Kaplan, an American journalist who lived in Greece for seven years, is a gifted writer with a marvelous feel for the exotic, woolly, mountainous Balkan peninsula. This vividly impressionistic travelogue splices a long trip in 1990 with sojourns in the '80s and forays into history, resulting in an unpredictable adventure that illuminates the Balkan nations' ethnic clashes and near-anarchic politics. Kaplan dwells on Greece's modern political culture, which, he shows, has much closer ties to the multiethnic Balkans than is generally acknowledged. He views Romania's history as a long, desperate compromise with a succession of invaders, marred by decades of Turkish rule, Nazism and Communism. He talks with Gypsies, scales steep Baroque cities, tours Transylvania, Bulgaria and Albania and visits the remnant Jewish community of Salonika, which was decimated by the Nazis. Kaplan ( Soldiers of God: With the Mujahidin in Afghanistan ) sheds light on the Serb-Croat dispute, which he traces in part back to Croatia's fascists of WW II and to the Vatican's perceived stirring up of anti-Semitic feelings among Croats. He finds seeds of civil war germinating in Yugoslavia, where he confronts "the principal illness of the Balkans: conflicting dreams of lost imperial glory." Photos. Publishers Weekly (Copyright 1993 Reed Business Information, Inc.). 368 pages.</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_4"><span style="line-height: 15px; " class="style">Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Kosovo/Kosova: As Seen, As Told. Available at </span><a onclick="window.open(this.href); return false;" title="http://www.osce.org/item/17755.html" href="http://www.osce.org/item/17755.html" onkeypress="window.open(this.href); return false;" style="line-height: 15px; " class="style">http://www.osce.org/item/17755.html</a><span style="line-height: 15px; " class="style">.</span><br /></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_4">The most detailed report on atrocities in Kosovo. (Adam Jones)</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2">Rohde, David. Endgame: the betrayal and fall of Srebrenica, Europe's worst massacre since World War II. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1998.<br /></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_3">Srebrenica, a small city in eastern Bosnia, is the latest shameful name to emerge from the tragic disintegration of the former Yugoslavia. Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Rohde (Christian Science Monitor, New York Times) investigated the massacre of 7000 Muslims in Srebrenica in July 1995 and was subsequently arrested by the Bosnian Serbs. Here he tells the story of the massacre and its aftermath through the eyes of seven people who were there: two Serbian soldiers, two Dutch peacekeepers, and three Muslim civilians. This is an effective way to depict a gruesome and infuriating event. Rohde argues that the fall of Srebrenica could have been prevented, but he is ultimately unable to explain the "collective failure" of the United States, the United Nations, and NATO in stopping the massacre. His investigation is carefully documented by over 300 footnotes. This is an important and revealing book for most public and academic libraries. Thomas A. Karel, Franklin & Marshall Coll. Lib., Lancaster, Pa. Library Journal (Copyright 1997 Reed Business Information, Inc.). 480 pages.</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2">Sacco, Joe. Safe area Goražde: [the war in eastern Bosnia 1992-95]. Seattle, WA: Fantagraphics Books, 2000.<br /></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_3">Safe Area Gorazde is Joe Sacco's 240-page opus about the war in the former Yugoslavia. Sacco spent four months in Bosnia in 1995-1996, immersing himself in the human side of life during wartime, researching stories rarely found in conventional news coverage. The book focuses on the Muslim enclave of Gorazde, which was besieged by Bosnian Serbs during the war. Sacco spent four weeks in Gorazde, entering before the Muslims trapped inside had access to the outside world, electricity or running water. The hardcover edition of Safe Area Gorazde put Sacco on the map as one of the pre-eminent journalists of his time, and the softcover edition will present his work to a wider audience. The book has been prominently featured in The New York Times, The New York Times Book Review, Time, Utne Reader, Spin, The London Times, The Washington Post, Brill's Content, several NPR programs, The Boston Globe, The San Francisco Chronicle, The Economist, The Atlantic Monthly, and other media. The book also led to Sacco being named a recipient of a 2001 Guggenheim Fellowship. Safe Area Gorazde features an introduction by Christopher Hitchens, political columnist for The Nation and Vanity Fair. Amazon.com. 240 pages.</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2">Sell, Louis. Slobodan Milosevic and the destruction of Yugoslavia. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002.<br /></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_3">The war crimes trial of former Yugoslav president Slobodan Milosevic, which began in February, makes this political biography especially timely. Sell is a retired Foreign Service officer who spent two tours of duty (a total of eight years) in Yugoslavia, first in the final years of the Tito presidency and again in the late 1980s, just before the country began to fragment. Here he concentrates on the 14-year period (1987-2001) when Milosevic held high office in Yugoslavia, ending with his arrest and transfer to The Hague. Milosevic is depicted as rising to power without bothering about those he harmed on the way up and, once in power, as gradually losing his grip on reality and spiraling down into a world of delusion. Without dwelling on the horror of the war crimes, the author holds his subject responsible for much of the destruction of his country. Although some of these details have already been covered in Lenard J. Cohen's Serpent in the Bosom and Slavoljub Djuklic and Alex Dubinsky's Milosevic and Markovic, this book is valuable for its background on the current trial and coverage of recent history of a troubled region. Recommended for most libraries. Marcia L. Sprules, Council on Foreign Relations Lib., New York, Library Journal (Copyright 2002 Cahners Business Information, Inc.). 432 pages.</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2">Scharf, Michael P., Slobodan Milošević, and William Schabas. Slobodan Milosevic on trial: a companion. New York: Continuum, 2002.<br /></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_3">Slobodan Milosevic. Derided as the Butcher of the Balkans. He stands accused of the most serious crimes known to mankind - grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions, crimes against humanity, and genocide. On February 12, 2002, the ruthless Serb leader became the first head of state ever to face trial before an international criminal tribunal. With the combative Milosevic acting as his own lawyer, a legal battle of epic proportions is unfolding in The Hague. This extraordinary trial, which is scheduled to last through 2004, is proving to be the world's most closely watched criminal proceeding since O.J.Simpson. Written in a lively, journalistic style by two of the leading experts on the International War Crimes Tribunal, this unique book is designed to serve the same purpose as the program notes do at a major sporting event, informing the reader what to look for, who the players are, what the rules are, and who is likely to win. This comprehensive guide to the Milosevic Trial includes a narrative chronology of events that led up to the historic proceeding, biographies of the trial participants, an explanation of the governing law and rules of procedure, an analysis of the merits of the case, an examination of whether Milosevic can get a fair trial, and a glossary of the key legal terms and concepts that are at the heart of this unprecedented trial. Amazon.com. 184 pages.</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2">Sudetic, Chuck. Blood and vengeance: one family's story of the war in Bosnia. New York: Penguin Books, 1999.<br /></p>
<p class="paragraph_style_3"><br /></p>
<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_3">At once a stunning piece of war reporting and a heartbreaking, deeply personal story, Sudetic's account of Yugoslavia's bloody breakup enfolds a family saga into an epic historical chronicle. Sudetic is a former New York Times correspondent, a Croatian-American now living in Belgrade. His Serb wife is related to the Celiks, a Muslim family who narrowly escaped death as refugees in Srebrenica in 1995, when Bosnian Serbs overran a U.N. "safe area" and decimated and expelled the town's Muslim-majority population. Tracing the Celiks' history over five generations, Sudetic illumines the inner workings of Tito's police state, charting the family's survival through the German invasion of Yugoslavia and under Communist rule. He brings history into the present when Serbia's president Slobodan Milosevic, "the prime mover in Yugoslavia's slide into chaos," precipitated a warAwith the aid of his accomplice, Croatian president Franjo TudjmanAby seizing Muslim territory. The war, according to Sudetic, was basically a landgrab by Milosevic, but was cleverly presented to the West as an age-old ethnic conflict or a struggle between Christianity and Islam. Shocking in its graphic account of atrocities committed by all sides, Sudetic's unsettling narrative gives human dimensions to a historical tragedy. Photos. Publishers Weekly (Copyright 1998 Reed Business Information, Inc.). 448 pages.</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2">Silber, Laura. Death of Yugoslavia. S.l.: Tv Books, 2003.<br /></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_3">Tying in to a five-part BBC TV series, this book describes the break-up of the former Yugoslavia and provides a history of the events of the last 10 years, and their ongoing effects. It questions whether the tragedy could have been avoided, the fragility of the current peace and the implications of the Russian/American alignment over Bosnia.</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2">Brkic, Courtney Angela. The Stone Fields: Love & Death in the Balkans. Picador. 2005.<br /></p>
<p class="paragraph_style_3"><br /></p>
<p class="paragraph_style_3">This heartbreaking memoir wends between Brkic's years in war-ravaged Bosnia (1993, 1996–1997), first interviewing refugees and then excavating mass graves outside Srebrenica, where 7,000 Muslim males were slaughtered, and including her family's history in Bosnia-Herzegovina surrounding WWII. Brkic, an archeologist, was 21 when she first began working in Bosnia with the UN International War Crimes Tribunal, and 24 during her second foray, with Physicians for Human Rights. A first-generation American of Croatian descent, she returns to Bosnia, invoking what, postwar, is only memory: the land of idyllic childhood summers where she remembers her aunt's catfish swimming in a tub and the taste of lamb fed on chamomile leaves in a countryside now littered with land mines. In the former garment factory, now morgue, outside Tuzla, where she works, Brkic feels alien to the other human rights workers; her ties to the region superimpose the face of her brother on the newly dead; her assertion that not everyone bears equivalent guilt for the war causes her to angrily demand that Serb workers not excavate the mass graves she believes they had a hand in filling. Whiting Award winner Brkic's haunting, hopeless memoir is an agonizing treatise on the awful cost of war and its long, pain-stoked aftermath in which, as she records it, those outside forget and those inside can barely continue living. Publishers Weekly (Copyright © Reed Business Information, all rights reserved.) 336 pages.<br /></p>
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