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multiplying_and_dividing_complex_number_polar_forms.html
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multiplying_and_dividing_complex_number_polar_forms.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html data-require="math math-format graphie graphie-helpers">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>Multiplying and dividing complex number polar forms</title>
<script src="../khan-exercise.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="problems">
<div id="multiply-cplx">
<div class="vars" data-ensure="ANSWER_REAL >= -10 && ANSWER_IMAG >= -10 && ANSWER_REAL <= 10 && ANSWER_IMAG <= 10">
<var id="DENOMINATOR">24</var>
<var id="USE_EULER_FORM">randFromArray( [ true, false ] )</var>
<var id="A_RADIUS">randRange( 1, 7 )</var>
<var id="A_ANGLE_NUMERATOR">randRange( 0, DENOMINATOR - 1 )</var>
<var id="A_ANGLE">A_ANGLE_NUMERATOR * PI * 2 / DENOMINATOR</var>
<var id="A_ANGLE_REP">piFraction( A_ANGLE, true )</var>
<var id="A_REP">polarForm( A_RADIUS, A_ANGLE, USE_EULER_FORM )</var>
<var id="A_REAL">cos( A_ANGLE ) * A_RADIUS</var>
<var id="A_IMAG">sin( A_ANGLE ) * A_RADIUS</var>
<var id="B_RADIUS">randRange( 1, 7 )</var>
<var id="B_ANGLE_NUMERATOR">randRange( 0, DENOMINATOR - 1 )</var>
<var id="B_ANGLE">B_ANGLE_NUMERATOR * PI * 2 / DENOMINATOR</var>
<var id="B_ANGLE_REP">piFraction( B_ANGLE, true )</var>
<var id="B_REP">polarForm( B_RADIUS, B_ANGLE, USE_EULER_FORM )</var>
<var id="B_REAL">cos( B_ANGLE ) * B_RADIUS</var>
<var id="B_IMAG">sin( B_ANGLE ) * B_RADIUS</var>
<var id="ANSWER_RADIUS">A_RADIUS * B_RADIUS</var>
<var id="ANSWER_ANGLE_NUMERATOR">( A_ANGLE_NUMERATOR + B_ANGLE_NUMERATOR ) % DENOMINATOR</var>
<var id="ANSWER_ANGLE">ANSWER_ANGLE_NUMERATOR * PI * 2 / DENOMINATOR</var>
<var id="ANSWER_ANGLE_REP">piFraction( ANSWER_ANGLE, true )</var>
<var id="ANSWER_REAL">cos( ANSWER_ANGLE ) * ANSWER_RADIUS</var>
<var id="ANSWER_IMAG">sin( ANSWER_ANGLE ) * ANSWER_RADIUS</var>
<!-- the R(cos A + i sin A) form contains parentheses, so it's better wrapped in brackets
rather than another pair of parentheses... -->
<var id="BRACKETS">USE_EULER_FORM ? '()' : '[]'</var>
<var id="LEFT_BRACKET">BRACKETS[0]</var>
<var id="RIGHT_BRACKET">BRACKETS[1]</var>
<var id="INTERMEDIATE_ANGLE_REP">piFraction( ( A_ANGLE_NUMERATOR + B_ANGLE_NUMERATOR ) * PI * 2 / DENOMINATOR, true )</var>
</div>
<p class="question">
Multiply the following complex numbers, marked as <strong class="hint_blue">blue</strong> dots on the graph:
</p>
<p>
<code><var>LEFT_BRACKET</var><var>A_REP</var><var>RIGHT_BRACKET</var> \cdot <var>LEFT_BRACKET</var><var>B_REP</var><var>RIGHT_BRACKET</var></code>
</p>
<p>
(Your current answer will be plotted in <strong class="hint_orange">orange</strong>.)
</p>
<!-- TODO: use the dots in hints? -->
<div class="graphie">
graphInit({
range: [ [ -10, 10 ], [ -10 ,10 ] ],
scale: 20,
tickStep: 1,
axisArrows: "<->"
});
drawComplexChart( 10, DENOMINATOR );
circle( [A_REAL, A_IMAG], 1 / 4, {
fill: KhanUtil.BLUE,
stroke: "none"
});
circle( [B_REAL, B_IMAG], 1 / 4, {
fill: KhanUtil.BLUE,
stroke: "none"
});
graph.currComplexPolar = new ComplexPolarForm( DENOMINATOR, 10, USE_EULER_FORM );
</div>
<div class="solution" data-type="complexNumberPolarForm">
[ <var>ANSWER_ANGLE_NUMERATOR</var>, <var>ANSWER_RADIUS</var> ]
</div>
<div class="hints">
<p>
Multiplying complex numbers in polar forms can be done by multiplying the lengths
and adding the angles.
</p>
<p>
The first number (<code><var>A_REP</var></code>) has angle <code><var>A_ANGLE_REP</var></code> and radius <code><var>A_RADIUS</var></code>.
</p>
<p>
The second number (<code><var>B_REP</var></code>) has angle <code><var>B_ANGLE_REP</var></code> and radius <code><var>B_RADIUS</var></code>.
</p>
<p>
The radius of the result will be <code><var>A_RADIUS</var> \cdot <var>B_RADIUS</var></code>, which is <code><var>ANSWER_RADIUS</var></code>.
</p>
<div data-if="A_ANGLE_NUMERATOR + B_ANGLE_NUMERATOR > 12 * 2" data-unwrap>
<p>
The sum of the angles is <code><var>A_ANGLE_REP</var> + <var>B_ANGLE_REP</var> = <var>INTERMEDIATE_ANGLE_REP</var></code>.
</p>
<p>
The angle <code><var>INTERMEDIATE_ANGLE_REP</var></code> is more than <code>2 \pi</code>. A complex number goes a full circle if its angle is increased by <code>2 \pi</code>, so it
goes back to itself. Because of that, angles of complex numbers are convient to keep between <code>0</code> and <code>2 \pi</code>.
</p>
<p>
<code><var>INTERMEDIATE_ANGLE_REP</var> - 2 \pi = <var>ANSWER_ANGLE_REP</var></code>
<!-- The A and B angles are both between 0 and 2pi, so the maximum angle here is 4pi, so it's safe not to handle further 2pi multiples. -->
</p>
</div>
<p data-else>
The angle of the result is <code><var>A_ANGLE_REP</var> + <var>B_ANGLE_REP</var> = <var>ANSWER_ANGLE_REP</var></code>.
</p>
<p>
The radius of the result is <code><var>ANSWER_RADIUS</var></code> and the angle of the result is <code><var>ANSWER_ANGLE_REP</var></code>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="divide-cplx">
<div class="vars" data-ensure="A_REAL >= -10 && A_IMAG >= -10 && A_REAL <= 10 && A_IMAG <= 10">
<var id="DENOMINATOR">24</var>
<var id="USE_EULER_FORM">randFromArray( [ true, false ] )</var>
<var id="ANSWER_RADIUS">randRange( 1, 10 )</var>
<var id="ANSWER_ANGLE_NUMERATOR">randRange( 0, DENOMINATOR - 1 )</var>
<var id="ANSWER_ANGLE">ANSWER_ANGLE_NUMERATOR * PI * 2 / DENOMINATOR</var>
<var id="ANSWER_ANGLE_REP">piFraction( ANSWER_ANGLE, true )</var>
<var id="B_RADIUS">randRange( 1, 7 )</var>
<var id="B_ANGLE_NUMERATOR">randRange( 0, DENOMINATOR - 1 )</var>
<var id="B_ANGLE">B_ANGLE_NUMERATOR * PI * 2 / DENOMINATOR</var>
<var id="B_ANGLE_REP">piFraction( B_ANGLE )</var>
<var id="B_REP">polarForm( B_RADIUS, B_ANGLE, USE_EULER_FORM )</var>
<var id="B_REAL">cos( B_ANGLE ) * B_RADIUS</var>
<var id="B_IMAG">sin( B_ANGLE ) * B_RADIUS</var>
<var id="A_RADIUS">ANSWER_RADIUS * B_RADIUS</var>
<var id="A_ANGLE_NUMERATOR">( ANSWER_ANGLE_NUMERATOR + B_ANGLE_NUMERATOR ) % DENOMINATOR</var>
<var id="A_ANGLE">A_ANGLE_NUMERATOR * PI * 2 / DENOMINATOR</var>
<var id="A_ANGLE_REP">piFraction( A_ANGLE, true )</var>
<var id="A_REP">polarForm( A_RADIUS, A_ANGLE, USE_EULER_FORM )</var>
<var id="A_REAL">cos( A_ANGLE ) * A_RADIUS</var>
<var id="A_IMAG">sin( A_ANGLE ) * A_RADIUS</var>
<var id="INTERMEDIATE_ANGLE_REP">piFraction( ( A_ANGLE_NUMERATOR - B_ANGLE_NUMERATOR ) * PI * 2 / DENOMINATOR, true )</var>
</div>
<p class="question">
Divide the following complex numbers:
</p>
<p>
<code>\dfrac{<var>A_REP</var>}{<var>B_REP</var>}</code>
</p>
<p>
(The dividend is plotted in <strong class="hint_blue">blue</strong> and the divisor in plotted in <strong class="hint_green">green</strong>.
Your current answer will be plotted <strong class="hint_orange">orange</strong>.)
</p>
<!-- TODO: differentiate the dots! -->
<div class="graphie">
graphInit({
range: [ [ -10, 10 ], [ -10, 10 ] ],
scale: 20,
tickStep: 1,
axisArrows: "<->"
});
drawComplexChart( 10, DENOMINATOR );
circle( [A_REAL, A_IMAG], 1 / 4, {
fill: KhanUtil.BLUE,
stroke: "none"
});
circle( [B_REAL, B_IMAG], 1 / 4, {
fill: KhanUtil.GREEN,
stroke: "none"
});
graph.currComplexPolar = new ComplexPolarForm( DENOMINATOR, 10, USE_EULER_FORM );
</div>
<div class="solution" data-type="complexNumberPolarForm">
[ <var>ANSWER_ANGLE_NUMERATOR</var>, <var>ANSWER_RADIUS</var> ]
</div>
<div class="hints">
<p>
Dividing complex numbers in polar forms can be done by dividing the radii
and subtracting the angles.
</p>
<p>
The first number (<code><var>A_REP</var></code>) has angle <code><var>A_ANGLE_REP</var></code> and radius <var>A_RADIUS</var>.
</p>
<p>
The second number (<code><var>B_REP</var></code>) has angle <code><var>B_ANGLE_REP</var></code> and radius <var>B_RADIUS</var>.
</p>
<p>
The radius of the result will be <code>\frac{<var>A_RADIUS</var>}{<var>B_RADIUS</var>}</code>, which is <var>ANSWER_RADIUS</var>.
</p>
<div data-if="A_ANGLE_NUMERATOR - B_ANGLE_NUMERATOR < 0" data-unwrap>
<p>
The difference of the angles is <code><var>A_ANGLE_REP</var> - <var>B_ANGLE_REP</var> = <var>INTERMEDIATE_ANGLE_REP</var></code>.
</p>
<p>
The angle <code><var>INTERMEDIATE_ANGLE_REP</var></code> is negative. A complex number goes a full circle if its angle is increased by <code>2 \pi</code>, so it
goes back to itself. Because of that, angles of complex numbers are convient to keep between <code>0</code> and <code>2 \pi</code>.
</p>
<p>
<code><var>INTERMEDIATE_ANGLE_REP</var> + 2 \pi = <var>ANSWER_ANGLE_REP</var></code>
</p>
</div>
<p data-else>
The angle of the result is <code><var>A_ANGLE_REP</var> - <var>B_ANGLE_REP</var> = <var>ANSWER_ANGLE_REP</var></code>.
</p>
<p>
The radius of the result is <code><var>ANSWER_RADIUS</var></code> and the angle of the result is <code><var>ANSWER_ANGLE_REP</var></code>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>