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Programing Fundamentals

Videos about beeing a Developer

Todays Women in Computing

Grace Hopper - Wikipedia - Youtube Video

Todo

  • Mini intro ? -> what is programing, difference hardware / software?

  • Class and Object

  • things to say -> different programming concepts (oop, functional, pointer, multidim arrays like matlab, databases)

  • note: the following chapter is not for a specific programing language, its more a generalization to describe the basic concepts in programing

  • language in the text means programing language

Data Types, Variables and Assigning Values

Data Types

  • every programing language has their own data types
  • basic types which appear in most languages
    • boolean (logical value) - true | false
    • numbers - floating and integer numbers
    • strings - everything written
  • Data Types are build in classes, but used different as "normal" classes
  • declaring a variable of a data type, lets say the number 15 a = 15, the programming language know, that this is a number other languages use the data type while declaring a variable number a = 15

Variables

  • Constant (variables) are values, like Pi, who never change during the program
  • variables are changing values in the program, fe. the time changing over a day

Assigning Values

  • binding concrete values (numbers, words, complex data structures) to a variable is called assigning
  • common syntax are a = 5 or a := 5

Conditions

  • or lets call it decision making
  • programs make decisions based on variables, status or input by user

If .. Else

  • this structures can check, whether a condition is true or false
  • a basic form can be just one condition 
    if (condition) 
    // when the condition is true (or false) do something
  • two conditions 
    if (condition === true) 
    // when the condition is true do something
else
    // if it's not true, do something else
  • depending of the programing language, more conditions can be applied 
    status = 'fetch data'
if (status === 'get data') 
    print('I asked for data')
else if (status === 'fetch data') 
    print('I'm receiving data')
else if (status === 'received data') 
    print('I got the data')
else
    print('I'm lost..')
  • or comparing numbers and intervals 
    b = 10
if(b < 2)
  print('lower then 2')
else if(b < 5)
  print('lower then 5')
else if(b < 10)
  print('lower then 10')
else
  print('greater or equal then 10')

Switch Case

  • Similar to a nested if else
  • cleaner in terms of code appearance
  • usually used for comparison (no greater or lower possible)
  • a default value can be defined
  • without breaks, multiple cases can be applied 
    status = 'fetch data'
switch(status)
    case 'get data':
        print('I asked for data')
        break
    case 'fetch data':
        print('I'm receiving data')
        break
    case 'received data':
        print('I got the data')
        break
    default:
        print('I'm lost..')

Functions

  • structuring code
  • reoccurring calculations, parts of the program
function calcRectArea(width, height)
    area = width * height
    return area

Loops and Iterations

  • Iterating over datastructures
  • fe. applaying data preprocessing, draw something for every element in the datastructure
  • iterations can increment a number (++, i + 2, i + 10, ...) or decrement (--, i - 2, i - 10, ...)

While

i = 0
while(i < 10)
    print(i) // 0..9
    i++

Do While

i = 0
do
    print(i) // 0
    i++
while(i < 0)

For

for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    print(i) // 0..9

ForEach

arr = ['The','quick','brown','fox','jumps','over','the','lazy','dog.']
sentence = ''

arr.forEach(word)
    sentence = sentence + word+' '
    // short version: sentence += word + ' '

print(sentence) 
// The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

Cooking Algorithms

// Ingredients are variables
flour   = '400g Flour'
milk    = '750ml Milk'
salt    = 'a pinch salt'
eggs    = '3 eggs'
water   = 'sparkling water'
butter  = 'some butter'

// Cooking equipment are constants
PAN     = 'One big Pan'
STOVE   = 'Stove to cook on'

// prepare the dough
bowl = mixing([flour, milk, salt])
wait('30min')
bowl = mixing([water], bowl)

STOVE.heat()

// make one pancake
dough = make_portioning(bowl)
PAN.put_in(butter)
wait('30sec')
PAN.put_in(dough)
wait('30sec')
PAN.switch_side()
wait('30sec')
PAN.empty()

function mixing(ingredients, bowl)
    mixing_bowl = empty
    if(bowl)
        mixing_bowl = bowl

    ingredients.forEach(ing)
        mixing_bowl = mixing_bowl + ing
    stir(bowl)

    return bowl

function stir(bowl)
    print('stir stir stir ' + bowl)

function wait(time)
    print('i\'m waiting for some '+time)

function make_portions(bowl)
    dough = 'one part of the dough'

Programing Languages

Links to images of language popularities, families and history.

Note that the last two links tell us a slightly different story than what we saw in last week's video. And other links say other things, so as we read in the article about Ada, history is not a clear cut story, it has many different participants telling it from their perspective. It is up to us to look for the more reliable sources and decis which story or stories are the closest to the truth!

Raspberry Pi

We have several of these devices at the lab, feel free to borrow them and try them out.