Prefer SSL connections by default (#660)

Switch the default SSL mode from 'disabled' to 'prefer'.  This matches
libpq's behavior and is a sensible thing to do.

Fixes: #654

asyncpg/connect_utils.py

@@ -380,6 +380,7 @@ def _parse_connect_dsn_and_args(*, dsn, host, port, user,
                 passfile=passfile)
 
     addrs = []
+    have_tcp_addrs = False
     for h, p in zip(host, port):
         if h.startswith('/'):
             # UNIX socket name
@@ -389,6 +390,7 @@ def _parse_connect_dsn_and_args(*, dsn, host, port, user,
         else:
             # TCP host/port
             addrs.append((h, p))
+            have_tcp_addrs = True
 
     if not addrs:
         raise ValueError(
@@ -397,6 +399,9 @@ def _parse_connect_dsn_and_args(*, dsn, host, port, user,
     if ssl is None:
         ssl = os.getenv('PGSSLMODE')
 
+    if ssl is None and have_tcp_addrs:
+        ssl = 'prefer'
+
     # ssl_is_advisory is only allowed to come from the sslmode parameter.
     ssl_is_advisory = None
     if isinstance(ssl, str):
@@ -435,14 +440,8 @@ def _parse_connect_dsn_and_args(*, dsn, host, port, user,
             if sslmode <= SSLMODES['require']:
                 ssl.verify_mode = ssl_module.CERT_NONE
             ssl_is_advisory = sslmode <= SSLMODES['prefer']
-
-    if ssl:
-        for addr in addrs:
-            if isinstance(addr, str):
-                # UNIX socket
-                raise exceptions.InterfaceError(
-                    '`ssl` parameter can only be enabled for TCP addresses, '
-                    'got a UNIX socket path: {!r}'.format(addr))
+    elif ssl is True:
+        ssl = ssl_module.create_default_context()
 
     if server_settings is not None and (
             not isinstance(server_settings, dict) or
@@ -542,9 +541,6 @@ def connection_lost(self, exc):
 async def _create_ssl_connection(protocol_factory, host, port, *,
                                  loop, ssl_context, ssl_is_advisory=False):
 
-    if ssl_context is True:
-        ssl_context = ssl_module.create_default_context()
-
     tr, pr = await loop.create_connection(
         lambda: TLSUpgradeProto(loop, host, port,
                                 ssl_context, ssl_is_advisory),
@@ -625,7 +621,6 @@ async def _connect_addr(
 
     if isinstance(addr, str):
         # UNIX socket
-        assert not params.ssl
         connector = loop.create_unix_connection(proto_factory, addr)
     elif params.ssl:
         connector = _create_ssl_connection(

asyncpg/connection.py

@@ -1869,7 +1869,28 @@ async def connect(dsn=None, *,
         Pass ``True`` or an `ssl.SSLContext <SSLContext_>`_ instance to
         require an SSL connection.  If ``True``, a default SSL context
         returned by `ssl.create_default_context() <create_default_context_>`_
-        will be used.
+        will be used.  The value can also be one of the following strings:
+
+        - ``'disable'`` - SSL is disabled (equivalent to ``False``)
+        - ``'prefer'`` - try SSL first, fallback to non-SSL connection
+          if SSL connection fails
+        - ``'allow'`` - currently equivalent to ``'prefer'``
+        - ``'require'`` - only try an SSL connection.  Certificate
+          verifiction errors are ignored
+        - ``'verify-ca'`` - only try an SSL connection, and verify
+          that the server certificate is issued by a trusted certificate
+          authority (CA)
+        - ``'verify-full'`` - only try an SSL connection, verify
+          that the server certificate is issued by a trusted CA and
+          that the requested server host name matches that in the
+          certificate.
+
+        The default is ``'prefer'``: try an SSL connection and fallback to
+        non-SSL connection if that fails.
+
+        .. note::
+
+           *ssl* is ignored for Unix domain socket communication.
 
     :param dict server_settings:
         An optional dict of server runtime parameters.  Refer to
@@ -1926,6 +1947,9 @@ async def connect(dsn=None, *,
     .. versionchanged:: 0.22.0
        Added the *record_class* parameter.
 
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.22.0
+       The *ssl* argument now defaults to ``'prefer'``.
+
     .. _SSLContext: https://docs.python.org/3/library/ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext
     .. _create_default_context:
         https://docs.python.org/3/library/ssl.html#ssl.create_default_context

tests/test_connect.py

@@ -318,7 +318,9 @@ class TestConnectParams(tb.TestCase):
             'result': ([('host', 123)], {
                 'user': 'user',
                 'password': 'passw',
-                'database': 'testdb'})
+                'database': 'testdb',
+                'ssl': True,
+                'ssl_is_advisory': True})
         },
 
         {
@@ -384,7 +386,7 @@ class TestConnectParams(tb.TestCase):
                 'user': 'user3',
                 'password': '123123',
                 'database': 'abcdef',
-                'ssl': ssl.SSLContext,
+                'ssl': True,
                 'ssl_is_advisory': True})
         },
 
@@ -461,7 +463,7 @@ class TestConnectParams(tb.TestCase):
                 'user': 'me',
                 'password': 'ask',
                 'database': 'db',
-                'ssl': ssl.SSLContext,
+                'ssl': True,
                 'ssl_is_advisory': False})
         },
 
@@ -545,6 +547,7 @@ class TestConnectParams(tb.TestCase):
                 {
                     'user': 'user',
                     'database': 'user',
+                    'ssl': None
                 }
             )
         },
@@ -574,7 +577,9 @@ class TestConnectParams(tb.TestCase):
                     ('localhost', 5433)
                 ], {
                     'user': 'spam',
-                    'database': 'db'
+                    'database': 'db',
+                    'ssl': True,
+                    'ssl_is_advisory': True
                 }
             )
         },
@@ -617,7 +622,7 @@ def run_testcase(self, testcase):
         password = testcase.get('password')
         passfile = testcase.get('passfile')
         database = testcase.get('database')
-        ssl = testcase.get('ssl')
+        sslmode = testcase.get('ssl')
         server_settings = testcase.get('server_settings')
 
         expected = testcase.get('result')
@@ -640,21 +645,26 @@ def run_testcase(self, testcase):
 
             addrs, params = connect_utils._parse_connect_dsn_and_args(
                 dsn=dsn, host=host, port=port, user=user, password=password,
-                passfile=passfile, database=database, ssl=ssl,
+                passfile=passfile, database=database, ssl=sslmode,
                 connect_timeout=None, server_settings=server_settings)
 
-            params = {k: v for k, v in params._asdict().items()
-                      if v is not None}
+            params = {
+                k: v for k, v in params._asdict().items()
+                if v is not None or (expected is not None and k in expected[1])
+            }
+
+            if isinstance(params.get('ssl'), ssl.SSLContext):
+                params['ssl'] = True
 
             result = (addrs, params)
 
         if expected is not None:
-            for k, v in expected[1].items():
-                # If `expected` contains a type, allow that to "match" any
-                # instance of that type tyat `result` may contain. We need
-                # this because different SSLContexts don't compare equal.
-                if isinstance(v, type) and isinstance(result[1].get(k), v):
-                    result[1][k] = v
+            if 'ssl' not in expected[1]:
+                # Avoid the hassle of specifying the default SSL mode
+                # unless explicitly tested for.
+                params.pop('ssl', None)
+                params.pop('ssl_is_advisory', None)
+
             self.assertEqual(expected, result, 'Testcase: {}'.format(testcase))
 
     def test_test_connect_params_environ(self):
@@ -1063,16 +1073,6 @@ async def verify_fails(sslmode):
         await verify_fails('verify-ca')
         await verify_fails('verify-full')
 
-    async def test_connection_ssl_unix(self):
-        ssl_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
-        ssl_context.load_verify_locations(SSL_CA_CERT_FILE)
-
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(asyncpg.InterfaceError,
-                                    'can only be enabled for TCP addresses'):
-            await self.connect(
-                host='/tmp',
-                ssl=ssl_context)
-
     async def test_connection_implicit_host(self):
         conn_spec = self.get_connection_spec()
         con = await asyncpg.connect(