Improve CairoMakie performance

[jkrumbiegel]

• type stability improvements for scatter
• make draw_pattern type stable
• calculate z only once per face
• reduce allocations in draw_pattern
• avoid sizedvector for fewer allocations
• revert accidental scatter marker change
• use cached extent
• avoid SizedVector
• move marker conversion out of loop

Description

With this test code:

begin
    f = Figure()
    scatter(f[1, 1], range(0, 50, 100000), sin, marker = :utriangle)
    lines(f[1, 2], range(0, 50, 100000), sin)
    surface(f[2, 1], range(0, 2pi, length = 200), range(0, 2pi, length = 200), cosi,
        axis = (type = Axis3,)
    )
    heatmap(f[2, 2], (1:300).^1.2, 1:300, randn(300, 300))
    @time display(f)
end

Master: 5.075926 seconds (55.47 M allocations: 1.585 GiB, 6.78% gc time)
This PR: 0.742038 seconds (2.58 M allocations: 114.594 MiB)

[MakieBot]

Compile Times benchmark

Note, that these numbers may fluctuate on the CI servers, so take them with a grain of salt.

using time

master:  10.28 < 10.37 > 10.43, 0.05+-
pr:      10.35 < 10.44 > 10.47, 0.04+-
speedup: 0.98 < 1.00 > 1.00, 0.01+-
median:  +0.62% => invariant

This PR does not change the using time.

ttfp time

master   26.31 < 26.43 > 26.64, 0.14+-
pr       26.30 < 26.34 > 26.43, 0.05+-
speedup: 1.00 < 1.00 > 1.01, 0.00+-
median:  -0.34% => invariant

This PR does not change the ttfp time.