-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
lib.bib
6275 lines (5980 loc) · 286 KB
/
lib.bib
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
@article{Wimmer_2018,
doi = {10.1080/00396338.2018.1495442},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00396338.2018.1495442},
year = 2018,
month = {jul},
publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited},
volume = {60},
number = {4},
pages = {151--164},
author = {Andreas Wimmer},
title = {Nation Building: Why Some Countries Come Together While Others Fall Apart},
journal = {Survival}
}
@article{Wimmer_2009,
doi = {10.1177/000312240907400208},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177%2F000312240907400208},
year = 2009,
month = {apr},
publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
volume = {74},
number = {2},
pages = {316--337},
author = {Andreas Wimmer and Lars-Erik Cederman and Brian Min},
title = {Ethnic Politics and Armed Conflict: A Configurational Analysis of a New Global Data Set},
journal = {American Sociological Review}
}
@article{Wimmer_2006,
doi = {10.1177/000312240607100601},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177%2F000312240607100601},
year = 2006,
month = {dec},
publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
volume = {71},
number = {6},
pages = {867--897},
author = {Andreas Wimmer and Brian Min},
title = {From Empire to Nation-State: Explaining Wars in the Modern World, 1816{\textendash}2001},
journal = {American Sociological Review}
}
@article{Gennaioli_2007,
doi = {10.1007/s10887-007-9017-z},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10887-007-9017-z},
year = 2007,
month = {jun},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {185--234},
author = {Nicola Gennaioli and Ilia Rainer},
title = {The modern impact of precolonial centralization in Africa},
journal = {Journal of Economic Growth}
}
@article{Bockstette_2002,
doi = {10.1023/a:1020827801137},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1023%2Fa%3A1020827801137},
year = 2002,
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {347--369},
author = {Valerie Bockstette and Areendam Chanda and Louis Putterman},
journal = {Journal of Economic Growth},
title = {States and Markets: the Advantage of an Early Start}
}
@misc{2007a,
title = {{{SITE DE LA PRESIDENCE LA REPUBLIQUE DU NIGER}}},
year = {2007},
month = sep,
howpublished = {https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000944/http://www.presidence.ne/PagesHtm/GouvBarre.htm}
}
@article{Acemoglu2001,
title = {The {{Colonial Origins}} of {{Comparative Development}}: {{An Empirical Investigation}}},
shorttitle = {The {{Colonial Origins}} of {{Comparative Development}}},
author = {Acemoglu, Daron and Johnson, Simon and Robinson, James A.},
year = {2001},
month = dec,
volume = {91},
pages = {1369--1401},
issn = {0002-8282},
doi = {10.1257/aer.91.5.1369},
abstract = {We exploit differences in European mortality rates to estimate the effect of institutions on economic performance. Europeans adopted very different colonization policies in different colonies, with different associated institutions. In places where Europeans faced high mortality rates, they could not settle and were more likely to set up extractive institutions. These institutions persisted to the present. Exploiting differences in European mortality rates as an instrument for current institutions, we estimate large effects of institutions on income per capita. Once the effect of institutions is controlled for, countries in Africa or those closer to the equator do not have lower incomes.},
journal = {American Economic Review},
keywords = {Growth and Fluctuations: General; International; or Comparative; Comparative Studies of Countries,Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development; Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems; Health Production; Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics},
language = {en},
number = {5}
}
@article{Acemoglu2014,
title = {Chiefs: {{Economic}} Development and Elite Control of Civil Society in {{Sierra Leone}}},
shorttitle = {Chiefs},
author = {Acemoglu, Daron and Reed, Tristan and Robinson, James A.},
year = {2014},
volume = {122},
pages = {319--368},
journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
number = {2}
}
@article{Ahlerup2012,
title = {The Roots of Ethnic Diversity},
author = {Ahlerup, Pelle and Olsson, Ola},
year = {2012},
volume = {17},
pages = {71--102},
journal = {Journal of Economic Growth},
number = {2}
}
@book{Ahram2019,
title = {Break All the {{Borders}}: {{Separatism}} and the {{Reshaping}} of the {{Middle East}}},
shorttitle = {Break All the {{Borders}}},
author = {Ahram, Ariel I.},
year = {2019},
address= {Oxford},
publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
keywords = {PCS}
}
@article{Alesina2003,
title = {Fractionalization},
author = {Alesina, Alberto and Devleeschauwer, Arnaud and Easterly, William and Kurlat, Sergio and Wacziarg, Romain},
year = {2003},
volume = {8},
pages = {155--194},
journal = {Journal of Economic growth},
keywords = {ethnic heterogeneity,government quality,growth},
number = {2}
}
@article{Alesina2005,
title = {Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance},
author = {Alesina, Alberto and Ferrara, Eliana La},
year = {2005},
volume = {43},
pages = {762--800},
journal = {Journal of economic literature},
number = {3}
}
@article{Alesina2011,
title = {Artificial States},
author = {Alesina, Alberto and Easterly, William and Matuszeski, Janina},
year = {2011},
volume = {9},
pages = {246--277},
journal = {Journal of the European Economic Association},
keywords = {AS},
number = {2}
}
@article{AllAfricanPeoplesCongress1959,
title = {Resolutions of the {{All African People}}'s {{Congress}}},
author = {{All African People's Congress}},
year = {1959},
month = jul,
volume = {37},
pages = {41--46},
issn = {0011-3530},
journal = {Current History; Philadelphia, etc.},
keywords = {History,History (General),History (The Americas),Political Science,Political Science--International Relations},
language = {English},
number = {215}
}
@book{Anderson2006,
title = {Imagined {{Communities}}: {{Reflections}} on the {{Origin}} and {{Spread}} of {{Nationalism}}},
shorttitle = {Imagined {{Communities}}},
author = {Anderson, Benedict},
year = {2006},
month = nov,
edition = {Revised edition},
publisher = {{Verso}},
address = {{London, UK}},
abstract = {The definitive, bestselling book on the origins of nationalism, and the processes that have shaped it.Imagined Communities, Benedict Anderson's brilliant book on nationalism, forged a new field of study when it first appeared in 1983. Since then it has sold over a quarter of a million copies and is widely considered the most important book on the subject. In this greatly anticipated revised edition, Anderson updates and elaborates on the core question: what makes people live and die for nations, as well as hate and kill in their name? Anderson examines the creation and global spread of the `imagined communities' of nationality, and explores the processes that created these communities: the territorialization of religious faiths, the decline of antique kinship, the interaction between capitalism and print, the development of secular languages-of-state, and changing conceptions of time and space. He shows how an originary nationalism born in the Americas was adopted by popular movements in Europe, by imperialist powers, and by the movements of anti-imperialist resistance in Asia and Africa.In a new afterword, Anderson examines the extraordinary influence of Imagined Communities, and the book's international publication and reception, from the end of the Cold War era to the present day.},
language = {English}
}
@book{Appian2016,
title = {Delphi {{Complete Works}} of {{Appian}} ({{Illustrated}})},
author = {{Appian}},
year = {2016},
month = mar,
publisher = {{Delphi Classics}},
abstract = {A second century Greek official of Alexandria, Appian wrote twenty-four books of `Roman History', eleven of which have survived complete. Exploring conquests from Rome's earliest beginnings to the times of Trajan, Appian's great work continues to be regarded as a valuable source of information on historical events that would otherwise have been lost long ago. Delphi's Ancient Classics series provides eReaders with the wisdom of the Classical world, with both English translations and the original Greek texts. ~This comprehensive eBook presents Appian's complete extant works, with beautiful illustrations, informative introductions and the usual Delphi bonus material. (Version 1)* Beautifully illustrated with images relating to Appian\&\#39;s life and works* Features the complete extant works of Appian, in both English translation and the original Greek* Concise introductions to the works* Features Horace White's translation, previously appearing in the Loeb Classical Library edition of Appian* Excellent formatting of the texts* Easily locate the sections or works you want to read with individual contents tables* Provides a special dual English and Greek text, allowing readers to compare the sections paragraph by paragraph \textendash{} ideal for students* Features a bonus biography \textendash{} discover Appian\&\#39;s ancient world* Scholarly ordering of texts into chronological order and literary genresPlease visit www.delphiclassics.com to explore our range of Ancient Classics titles or buy the entire series as a Super SetCONTENTS:The TranslationsROMAN HISTORYTHE CIVIL WARSThe Greek TextsLIST OF GREEK TEXTSThe Dual TextsDUAL GREEK AND ENGLISH TEXTSThe BiographyINTRODUCTION TO APPIAN by Horace WhitePlease visit www.delphiclassics.com to browse through our range of exciting titles},
googlebooks = {N47OCwAAQBAJ},
isbn = {978-1-78656-370-5},
keywords = {History / Ancient / Rome,History / Europe / Western},
language = {en}
}
@incollection{Arbetman2018,
title = {Relative Political Capacity: {{Political}} Extraction and Political Reach},
shorttitle = {Relative Political Capacity},
booktitle = {Political Capacity and Economic Behavior},
author = {Arbetman, Marina and Kugler, Jacek},
year = {2018},
pages = {11--45},
publisher = {{Routledge}},
}
@book{Asiwaju1985,
title = {Partitioned {{Africans}}: {{Ethnic Relations Across Africa}}'s {{International Boundaries}}, 1884-1984},
shorttitle = {Partitioned {{Africans}}},
author = {Asiwaju, A. I.},
year = {1985},
publisher = {{C. Hurst \& Co. Publishers}},
googlebooks = {0Wr6GUxdelcC},
isbn = {978-0-905838-91-5},
keywords = {AS},
language = {en}
}
@book{Aspinall2009,
title = {Islam and Nation: Separatist Rebellion in {{Aceh}}, {{Indonesia}}},
shorttitle = {Islam and Nation},
author = {Aspinall, Edward},
year = {2009},
publisher = {{Stanford University Press}},
address = {{Stanford, Calif.}},
abstract = {Innhold: Nation, Islam, war, and peace -- Aceh, Islam, and Indonesia -- Birth of nationalism -- Rural and global networks -- The nationalist moment -- Violence, money, insurgency -- Islam to nationalism -- From war to peace -- Conclusion., Islam and Nation presents a fascinating study of the genesis, growth and decline of nationalism in the Indonesian province of Aceh.},
isbn = {978-0-8047-7627-1},
keywords = {Autonomy and independence movements; Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Indonesia),Gerakan Aceh Merdeka,History,History; Nationalism,Indonesia,Islam; Islam and politics,Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam,Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam; Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Indonesia),Politics and government,Religious aspects},
language = {eng},
series = {Studies in {{Asian}} Security}
}
@article{Ballentine2005,
title = {The Political Economy of Civil War and Conflict Transformation},
author = {Ballentine, Karen and Nitzschke, Heiko},
year = {2005},
journal = {Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management, Berlin.[http://www. berghof-handbook. net/articles/BHDS3\_ BallentineNitzschke230305. pdf]}
}
@book{Banks2010,
title = {Political {{Handbook}} of the {{World}} 2010},
author = {Banks, Arthur S. and Muller, Thomas C. and Overstreet, William R. and Isacoff, Judith F.},
year = {2010},
publisher = {{Cq Press}},
address = {{Washington D.C.}}
}
@article{Bates2008,
title = {The Logic of State Failure: Learning from Late-Century {{Africa}}},
shorttitle = {The Logic of State Failure},
author = {Bates, Robert H.},
year = {2008},
volume = {25},
pages = {297--314},
journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
number = {4}
}
@book{Bates2008a,
title = {When Things Fell Apart: State Failure in Late-Century {{Africa}}},
shorttitle = {When Things Fell Apart},
author = {Bates, Robert H.},
year = {2008},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
address = {{Cambridge}},
isbn = {978-0-521-88735-9},
keywords = {Africa,Africa Politics and government 20th century,afrika,Afrika,Afrika -- Historie,Conflict,Economic conditions,Failed states History 20th century Africa,Government,historie,Historie,History,opprør,Politics,politikk,Politikk,regjering,State responsibility,statskupp,statssammenbrudd},
language = {eng},
lccn = {321(6) BAT, 960 B31w, 320.96 Bat, 320.96 B31w, 323.2(6) Bat, 320.15096 at},
series = {Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics}
}
@article{Beardsley2015,
title = {Roving Bandits? {{The}} Geographical Evolution of {{African}} Armed Conflicts},
shorttitle = {Roving Bandits?},
author = {Beardsley, Kyle and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede and Lo, Nigel},
year = {2015},
volume = {59},
pages = {503--516},
journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
number = {3}
}
@inproceedings{Beger2007,
title = {Looking under the Hood: {{Ethnic}} Groups, Parity, and Civil War},
shorttitle = {Looking under the Hood},
booktitle = {Annual {{Meeting}} of the {{Midwest Political Science Association}}, {{Chicago}}},
author = {Beger, Andreas and Moore, Will H.},
year = {2007},
}
@article{Bell2018,
title = {The Apparatus for Violence: {{Repression}}, Violent Protest, and Civil War in a Cross-National Framework},
shorttitle = {The Apparatus for Violence},
author = {Bell, Sam R and Murdie, Amanda},
year = {2018},
month = jul,
volume = {35},
pages = {336--354},
issn = {0738-8942},
doi = {10.1177/0738894215626848},
abstract = {Why does repression sometimes work to stop violent protest and sometimes heighten protest? We argue that the effect of repression on protest depends critically on a ``memory of violence'' within the state. Without this memory, the costs of continued protest in the face of increased repression are often too great for unrelenting mobilization, effectively suppressing the political violence. We focus on a global sample of repression and protest data at the weekly level from 1990 to 2009. In states with civil war histories, repression can mobilize a population previously primed for violent protest.},
journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
language = {en},
number = {4}
}
@book{Berdal2000,
title = {Greed \& Grievance: {{Economic}} Agendas in Civil Wars},
shorttitle = {Greed \& Grievance},
author = {Berdal, Mats R. and Malone, David},
year = {2000},
publisher = {{Lynne Rienner Publishers}},
}
@article{Besley2009,
title = {Repression or Civil War?},
author = {Besley, Timothy and Persson, Torsten},
year = {2009},
volume = {99},
pages = {292--97},
journal = {American Economic Review},
number = {2}
}
@article{Besley2010,
title = {State Capacity, Conflict, and Development},
author = {Besley, Timothy and Persson, Torsten},
year = {2010},
volume = {78},
pages = {1--34},
journal = {Econometrica},
number = {1}
}
@article{Besley2011,
title = {The Logic of Political Violence},
author = {Besley, Timothy and Persson, Torsten},
year = {2011},
volume = {126},
pages = {1411--1445},
journal = {The quarterly journal of economics},
number = {3}
}
@article{Besley2014,
title = {The {{Legacy}} of {{Historical Conflict}}: {{Evidence}} from {{Africa}}},
shorttitle = {The {{Legacy}} of {{Historical Conflict}}},
author = {Besley, Timothy and {Reynal-Querol}, Marta},
year = {2014},
month = may,
volume = {108},
pages = {319--336},
issn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},
doi = {10.1017/S0003055414000161},
abstract = {This article exploits variation between and within countries to examine the legacy of recorded conflicts in Africa in the precolonial period between 1400 and 1700. There are three main findings. First, we show that historical conflict is correlated with a greater prevalence of postcolonial conflict. Second, historical conflict is correlated with lower levels of trust, a stronger sense of ethnic identity, and a weaker sense of national identity across countries. Third, historical conflict is negatively correlated with subsequent patterns of development looking at the pattern across grid cells within countries.},
journal = {American Political Science Review},
keywords = {GEO,PCS},
language = {en},
number = {2}
}
@article{Blattman2010,
title = {Civil {{War}}},
author = {Blattman, Christopher and Miguel, Edward},
year = {2010},
month = mar,
volume = {48},
pages = {3--57},
issn = {0022-0515},
doi = {10.1257/jel.48.1.3},
journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
language = {en},
number = {1}
}
@article{Blaydes2013,
title = {The {{Feudal Revolution}} and {{Europe}}'s {{Rise}}: {{Political Divergence}} of the {{Christian West}} and the {{Muslim World}} before 1500 {{CE}}},
shorttitle = {The {{Feudal Revolution}} and {{Europe}}'s {{Rise}}},
author = {Blaydes, Lisa and Chaney, Eric},
year = {2013},
month = feb,
volume = {107},
pages = {16--34},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
issn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},
doi = {10.1017/S0003055412000561},
abstract = {We document a divergence in the duration of rule for monarchs in Western Europe and the Islamic world beginning in the medieval period. While leadership tenures in the two regions were similar in the 8th century, Christian kings became increasingly long lived compared to Muslim sultans. We argue that forms of executive constraint that emerged under feudal institutions in Western Europe were associated with increased political stability and find empirical support for this argument. While feudal institutions served as the basis for military recruitment by European monarchs, Muslim sultans relied on mamlukism\textemdash or the use of military slaves imported from non-Muslim lands. Dependence on mamluk armies limited the bargaining strength of local notables vis-\`a-vis the sultan, hindering the development of a productively adversarial relationship between ruler and local elites. We argue that Muslim societies' reliance on mamluks, rather than local elites, as the basis for military leadership, may explain why the Glorious Revolution occurred in England, not Egypt.},
journal = {American Political Science Review},
language = {en},
number = {1}
}
@article{Bockstette2002,
title = {States and Markets: {{The}} Advantage of an Early Start},
shorttitle = {States and Markets},
author = {Bockstette, Valerie and Chanda, Areendam and Putterman, Louis},
year = {2002},
volume = {7},
pages = {347--369},
publisher = {{Springer}},
journal = {Journal of Economic growth},
number = {4}
}
@misc{Bockstette2012,
title = {State {{Antiquity Index}} ({{Version}} 3.1)},
author = {Bockstette, Valerie and Putterman, Louis},
year = {2012},
howpublished = {http://www.econ.brown.edu/fac/Louis\_Putterman/antiquity\%20index.htm}
}
@article{Borcan2018,
title = {State History and Economic Development: Evidence from Six Millennia},
shorttitle = {State History and Economic Development},
author = {Borcan, Oana and Olsson, Ola and Putterman, Louis},
year = {2018},
month = mar,
volume = {23},
pages = {1--40},
issn = {1573-7020},
doi = {10.1007/s10887-017-9152-0},
abstract = {The presence of a state is one of the most reliable historical predictors of social and economic development. In this article, we complete the coding of an extant indicator of state presence from 3500 BCE forward for almost all but the smallest countries of the world today. We outline a theoretical framework where accumulated state experience increases aggregate productivity in individual countries but where newer or relatively inexperienced states can reach a higher productivity maximum by learning from the experience of older states. The predicted pattern of comparative development is tested in an empirical analysis where we introduce our extended state history variable. Our key finding is that the current level of economic development across countries has a hump-shaped relationship with accumulated state history.},
journal = {Journal of Economic Growth},
keywords = {AS,Comparative development,Deep roots,Institutions,N00,O11,O43,O50,PCS,State history},
language = {en},
number = {1}
}
@misc{Braithwaite2012,
title = {The {{Foundations}} of {{Rebel Groups}} ({{FORG}}) {{Database}}: {{Implications}} of the {{Origins}} of {{Rebel Groups}} in {{Africa}}},
author = {Braithwaite, Jessica Maves and Cunningham, Kathleen Gallagher},
year = {2012},
language = {en}
}
@article{Braithwaite2020,
title = {When {{Organizations Rebel}}: {{Introducing}} the {{Foundations}} of {{Rebel Group Emergence}} ({{FORGE}}) {{Dataset}}},
shorttitle = {When {{Organizations Rebel}}},
author = {Braithwaite, Jessica Maves and Cunningham, Kathleen Gallagher},
year = {2020},
volume = {64},
pages = {183--193},
publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
number = {1}
}
@book{Branch2013,
title = {The {{Cartographic State}}: {{Maps}}, {{Territory}}, and the {{Origins}} of {{Sovereignty}}},
shorttitle = {The {{Cartographic State}}},
author = {Branch, Jordan},
year = {2013},
volume = {127},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
}
@inproceedings{Brecke1999,
title = {Violent Conflicts 1400 {{AD}} to the Present in Different Regions of the World},
booktitle = {1999 {{Meeting}} of the {{Peace Science Society}}, Unpublished Manusrcipt},
author = {Brecke, Peter},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Brochmann2012,
title = {International {{Borders}} and {{Conflict Revisited}}},
author = {Brochmann, Marit and R{\o}d, Jan Ketil and Gleditsch, Nils Petter},
year = {2012},
month = apr,
volume = {29},
pages = {170--194},
issn = {0738-8942},
doi = {10.1177/0738894211433164},
abstract = {Conflict appears more often between neighboring states. Adjacency generates interaction opportunities and arguably more willingness to fight. We revisit the nature of the border issue and measure geographical features likely to affect states' interaction opportunities as well as their willingness to fight. We do so for all on-shore borders from the period 1946\textendash 2001. Although each border is unique, a general result shows that the longer the border between two states, the more likely they are to engage in low-intensity conflict. This is particularly so for conflicts active during the Cold War and located in highly populated border regions.},
journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
language = {en},
number = {2}
}
@article{Brown1968,
title = {Toward a {{Chronology}} for the {{Caliphate}} of {{Hamdullahi}} ({{M\=asina}})},
author = {Brown, William A.},
year = {1968},
volume = {8},
pages = {428--434},
publisher = {{EHESS}},
issn = {0008-0055},
journal = {Cahiers d'\'Etudes Africaines},
number = {31}
}
@article{Brown1980,
title = {Borderline Politics in {{Ghana}}: {{The}} National Liberation Movement of Western {{Togoland}}},
shorttitle = {Borderline Politics in {{Ghana}}},
author = {Brown, David},
year = {1980},
volume = {18},
pages = {575--609},
journal = {The Journal of Modern African Studies},
number = {4}
}
@article{Brunnschweiler2009,
title = {Natural Resources and Violent Conflict: Resource Abundance, Dependence, and the Onset of Civil Wars},
shorttitle = {Natural Resources and Violent Conflict},
author = {Brunnschweiler, Christa N. and Bulte, Erwin H.},
year = {2009},
volume = {61},
pages = {651--674},
journal = {Oxford economic papers},
number = {4}
}
@article{Buhaug2002,
title = {The Geography of Civil War},
author = {Buhaug, Halvard and Gates, Scott},
year = {2002},
volume = {39},
pages = {417--433},
journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
keywords = {GEO},
number = {4}
}
@article{Buhaug2005a,
title = {Accounting for Scale: {{Measuring}} Geography in Quantitative Studies of Civil War},
shorttitle = {Accounting for Scale},
author = {Buhaug, Halvard and Lujala, P{\"a}ivi},
year = {2005},
month = may,
volume = {24},
pages = {399--418},
issn = {09626298},
doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2005.01.006},
abstract = {The empirical evidence from studies linking geographic factors like terrain and natural resources to civil war is generally weak and not robust to varying samples or coding procedures. We argue that these investigations suffer from a major weakness: although most civil wars are geographically limited to small parts of the host countries, the analyses rely almost exclusively on country-level data. We demonstrate how Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can be used to generate precise measures of space-varying factors at the scale of the conflict. A comparison of several relevant variables measured both at the scale of the country and the conflict demonstrates that country statistics are poor approximations of the conflict zones. An analysis of duration of civil war further shows that certain findings are indeed dependent upon the scale of measurement. We conclude by discussing how GIS and spatial analysis may be applied in future research to increase our understanding of location, duration, and risk of armed civil conflict.},
journal = {Political Geography},
keywords = {GEO},
language = {en},
number = {4}
}
@article{Buhaug2008,
title = {Disaggregating Ethno-Nationalist Civil Wars: {{A}} Dyadic Test of Exclusion Theory},
shorttitle = {Disaggregating Ethno-Nationalist Civil Wars},
author = {Buhaug, Halvard and Cederman, Lars-Erik and R{\o}d, Jan Ketil},
year = {2008},
volume = {62},
pages = {531--551},
journal = {International Organization},
keywords = {GEO},
number = {3}
}
@article{Buhaug2009,
title = {Geography, {{Rebel Capability}}, and the {{Duration}} of {{Civil Conflict}}},
author = {Buhaug, Halvard and Gates, Scott and Lujala, P{\"a}ivi},
year = {2009},
month = aug,
volume = {53},
pages = {544--569},
issn = {0022-0027, 1552-8766},
doi = {10.1177/0022002709336457},
journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
keywords = {GEO},
language = {en},
number = {4}
}
@article{Buhaug2014,
title = {Square {{Pegs}} in {{Round Holes}}: {{Inequalities}}, {{Grievances}}, and {{Civil War}}},
shorttitle = {Square {{Pegs}} in {{Round Holes}}},
author = {Buhaug, Halvard and Cederman, Lars-Erik and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede},
year = {2014},
month = jun,
volume = {58},
pages = {418--431},
issn = {1468-2478},
doi = {10.1111/isqu.12068},
abstract = {Much of the recent research on civil war treats explanations rooted in political and economic grievances with considerable suspicion and claims that there is little empirical evidence of any relationship between ethnicity or inequality and political violence. We argue that common indicators used in previous research, such as the ethno-linguistic fractionalization (ELF) and the Gini coefficient for income dispersion, fail to capture fundamental aspects of political exclusion and economic inequality that can motivate conflict. Drawing on insights from group-level research, we develop new country-level indices that directly reflect inequalities among ethnic groups, including political discrimination and wealth differentials along ethnic lines. Our analysis reveals that these theoretically informed country profiles are much better predictors of civil war onset than conventional inequality indicators, even when we control for a number of alternative factors potentially related to grievances or opportunities for conflict.},
copyright = {\textcopyright{} 2013 International Studies Association},
journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
language = {en},
number = {2}
}
@article{Burch2013,
title = {The {{Political Economy}} of {{Rebel Financing}}: {{Transnational Crime}} and {{Intrastate Conflict}}},
shorttitle = {The {{Political Economy}} of {{Rebel Financing}}},
author = {Burch, Michael},
year = {2013},
month = jan,
journal = {Political Science Graduate Theses \& Dissertations}
}
@article{Butcher2017,
title = {Between {{Eurocentrism}} and {{Babel}}: {{A Framework}} for the {{Analysis}} of {{States}}, {{State Systems}}, and {{International Orders}}},
shorttitle = {Between {{Eurocentrism}} and {{Babel}}},
author = {Butcher, Charles R. and Griffiths, Ryan D.},
year = {2017},
month = jun,
volume = {61},
pages = {328--336},
issn = {0020-8833, 1468-2478},
doi = {10.1093/isq/sqw057},
journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
keywords = {PCS},
language = {en},
number = {2}
}
@article{Butcher2019,
title = {The {{International Systems Dataset}}: {{Version}} 2.0},
author = {Butcher, Charles and Griffiths, Ryan},
year = {2019},
month = may,
journal = {Data Codebook},
keywords = {PCS}
}
@article{Butcher2020,
title = {States and Their International Relations since 1816: Introducing Version 2 of the {{International System}}(s) {{Dataset}} ({{ISD}})},
shorttitle = {States and Their International Relations since 1816},
author = {Butcher, Charles R. and Griffiths, Ryan D.},
year = {2020},
month = mar,
volume = {46},
pages = {291--308},
publisher = {{Routledge}},
issn = {0305-0629},
doi = {10.1080/03050629.2020.1707199},
abstract = {We introduce version 2 of the International System(s) Dataset (ISD), a register of sovereign states across the 1816\textendash 2016 period that include numerous states that are missed in commonly used datasets like the Correlates of War (COW) Project. Whereas ISD version 1 identified 363 states between 1816 and 2011, version 2 identifies 482. This version also records valuable information on a range of corollary variables, including start dates, end dates, estimated population sizes, diplomatic relations with Europe, conflict episodes, the existence of borders, and the location of capital cities. This dataset makes an important contribution to the study of international relations. It provides a more accurate understanding of the development of the international system over the last two centuries, it moves beyond the Eurocentric bias that sits at the heart of existing quantitative IR scholarship, and it will enable scholars to pursue a range of research topics such as the historical importance of state borders and boundaries, the practices surrounding recognition, and the frequency and intensity of conflict across regions. In this article, we discuss the existing state system membership lists and show how the ISD addresses their shortcomings. We outline the key concept and operationalization of statehood that the ISD adopts. We detail the variables included in this version of the ISD, discuss the data collection process, and show temporal and spatial distributions that illustrate the uniqueness of the ISD. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of bringing the ISD into one of many potential research topics: the study of conflict.},
journal = {International Interactions},
keywords = {Conflict,data,international system,states},
number = {2}
}
@article{Carneiro1988,
title = {The {{Circumscription Theory}}: {{Challenge}} and {{Response}}},
shorttitle = {The {{Circumscription Theory}}},
author = {Carneiro, Robert L.},
year = {1988},
month = mar,
volume = {31},
pages = {497--511},
issn = {0002-7642},
journal = {The American Behavioral Scientist},
keywords = {Psychology},
language = {English},
number = {4}
}
@article{Carter2010,
title = {Back to the Future: {{Modeling}} Time Dependence in Binary Data},
shorttitle = {Back to the Future},
author = {Carter, David B. and Signorino, Curtis S.},
year = {2010},
volume = {18},
pages = {271--292},
journal = {Political Analysis},
number = {3}
}
@article{Cederman2009,
title = {Ethnonationalist Triads: {{Assessing}} the Influence of Kin Groups on Civil Wars},
shorttitle = {Ethnonationalist Triads},
author = {Cederman, Lars-Erik and Girardin, Luc and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede},
year = {2009},
volume = {61},
pages = {403--437},
journal = {World Politics},
number = {3}
}
@article{Cederman2009a,
title = {Ethno-Nationalist Dyads and Civil War: {{A GIS}}-Based Analysis},
shorttitle = {Ethno-Nationalist Dyads and Civil War},
author = {Cederman, Lars-Erik and Buhaug, Halvard and R{\o}d, Jan Ketil},
year = {2009},
volume = {53},
pages = {496--525},
journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
keywords = {GEO},
number = {4}
}
@article{Cederman2010,
title = {Why {{Do Ethnic Groups Rebel}}?: {{New Data}} and {{Analysis}}},
shorttitle = {Why {{Do Ethnic Groups Rebel}}?},
author = {Cederman, Lars-Erik and Wimmer, Andreas and Min, Brian},
year = {2010},
month = jan,
volume = {62},
pages = {87--119},
issn = {1086-3338},
abstract = {Much of the quantitative literature on civil wars and ethnic conflict ignores the role of the state or treats it as a mere arena for political competition among ethnic groups. other studies analyze how the state grants or withholds minority rights and faces ethnic protest and rebellion accordingly, while largely overlooking the ethnic power configurations at the state's center. drawing on a new data set on ethnic power relations (EPR ) that identifies all politically relevant ethnic groups and their access to central state power around the world from 1946 through 2005, the authors analyze outbreaks of armed conflict as the result of competing ethnonationalist claims to state power. the findings indicate that representatives of ethnic groups are more likely to initiate conflict with the government (1) the more excluded from state power they are, especially if they have recently lost power, (2) the higher their mobilizational capacity, and (3) the more they have experienced conflict in the past.},
journal = {World Politics},
language = {en},
number = {1}
}
@article{Cederman2013,
title = {Transborder Ethnic Kin and Civil War},
author = {Cederman, Lars-Erik and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede and Salehyan, Idean and Wucherpfennig, Julian},
year = {2013},
volume = {67},
pages = {389--410},
journal = {International Organization},
number = {2}
}
@article{Chandra2006,
title = {What Is Ethnic Identity and Does It Matter?},
author = {Chandra, Kanchan},
year = {2006},
volume = {9},
pages = {397--424},
journal = {Annual Review of Political Science}
}
@book{Clapham1996,
title = {Africa and the International System: {{The}} Politics of State Survival},
shorttitle = {Africa and the International System},
author = {Clapham, Christopher},
year = {1996},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
keywords = {AS,PCS}
}
@article{Cohen2014a,
title = {Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict: {{Introducing}} the {{SVAC}} Dataset, 1989\textendash 2009},
shorttitle = {Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict},
author = {Cohen, Dara Kay and Nord{\aa}s, Ragnhild},
year = {2014},
month = may,
volume = {51},
pages = {418--428},
issn = {0022-3433, 1460-3578},
doi = {10.1177/0022343314523028},
abstract = {Which armed groups have perpetrated sexual violence in recent conflicts? This article presents patterns from the new Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict (SVAC) dataset. The dataset, coded from the three most widely used sources in the quantitative human rights literature, covers 129 active conflicts, and the 625 armed actors involved in these conflicts, during the period 1989\textendash 2009. The unit of observation is the conflict-actor-year, allowing for detailed analysis of the patterns of perpetration of sexual violence for each conflict actor. The dataset captures six dimensions of sexual violence: prevalence, perpetrators, victims, forms, location, and timing. In addition to active conflict-years, the dataset also includes reports of sexual violence committed by conflict actors in the five years post-conflict. We use the data to trace variation in reported conflict-related sexual violence over time, space, and actor type, and outline the dataset's potential utility for scholars. Among the insights offered are that the prevalence of sexual violence varies dramatically by perpetrator group, suggesting that sexual violations are common \textendash{} but not ubiquitous. In addition, we find that state militaries are more likely to be reported as perpetrators of sexual violence than either rebel groups or militias. Finally, reports of sexual violence continue into the post-conflict period, sometimes at very high levels. The data may be helpful both to scholars and policymakers for better understanding the patterns of sexual violence, its causes, and its consequences.},
journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
language = {en},
number = {3}
}
@book{Collier2000,
title = {Economic Causes of Civil Conflict and Their Implications for Policy},
author = {Collier, Paul},
year = {2000},
publisher = {{World Bank Washington, DC}},
}
@article{Collier2003,
title = {The Market for Civil War},
author = {Collier, Paul},
year = {2003},
pages = {38},
journal = {Foreign Policy},
number = {136}
}
@article{Collier2004,
title = {Greed and Grievance in Civil War},
shorttitle = {Greed and Grievance in Civil War},
author = {Collier, Paul and Hoeffler, Anke},
year = {2004},
volume = {56},
pages = {563--595},
issn = {0030-7653},
doi = {10.1093/oep/gpf064},
abstract = {We investigate the causes of civil war, using a new data set of wars during 196099. Rebellion may be explained by atypically severe grievances, such as high inequality, a lack of political rights, or ethnic and religious divisions in society. Alternatively, it might be explained by atypical opportunities for building a rebel organization. While it is difficult to find proxies for grievances and opportunities, we find that political and social variables that are most obviously related to grievances have little explanatory power. By contrast, economic variables, which could proxy some grievances but are perhaps more obviously related to the viability of rebellion, provide considerably more explanatory power.},
journal = {Oxford Economic Papers},
number = {4}
}
@article{Collier2009,
title = {Beyond Greed and Grievance: Feasibility and Civil War},
shorttitle = {Beyond Greed and Grievance},
author = {Collier, Paul and Hoeffler, Anke and Rohner, D.},
year = {2009},
volume = {61},
pages = {1--27},
issn = {0030-7653, 1464-3812},
doi = {10.1093/oep/gpn029},
journal = {Oxford Economic Papers},
language = {en},
number = {1}
}
@article{Connor1972,
title = {Nation-Building or Nation-Destroying?},
author = {Connor, Walker},
year = {1972},
volume = {24},
pages = {319--355},
journal = {World politics},
number = {3}
}
@misc{CorrelatesofWarProject2016,
title = {Colonial/{{Dependency Contiguity}} (v3.1) \textemdash{} {{Correlates}} of {{War}}},
author = {{Correlates of War Project}},
year = {2016},
abstract = {The Colonial/Dependency Contiguity data set registers contiguity relationships between the colonies/dependencies of states (by land and by sea up to 400 miles) from 1816-2016.},
howpublished = {https://correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/colonial-dependency-contiguity},
language = {en},
type = {Folder}
}
@article{CorrelatesofWarProject2019,
title = {Correlates of {{War Project}}. {{Colonial Contiguity Data}}, 1816-2016},
author = {{Correlates of War Project}},
year = {2019},
journal = {Version 3.1}
}
@misc{CorrelatesofWarProjectputt,
title = {Colonial/{{Dependency Contiguity Data}}, 1816-2016. {{Version}} 3.1.},
author = {{Correlates of War Project}},
year = {putt},
abstract = {The Colonial/Dependency Contiguity data set registers contiguity relationships between the colonies/dependencies of states (by land and by sea up to 400 miles) from 1816-2016.},
language = {en}
}
@book{Crone2012,
title = {The {{Nativist Prophets}} of {{Early Islamic Iran}}: {{Rural Revolt}} and {{Local Zoroastrianism}}},
shorttitle = {The {{Nativist Prophets}} of {{Early Islamic Iran}}},
author = {Crone, Patricia},
year = {2012},
month = jun,
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
address = {{New York, NY}},
abstract = {Patricia Crone's book is about the Iranian response to the Muslim penetration of the Iranian countryside, the revolts subsequently triggered there and the religious communities that these revolts revealed. The book also describes a complex of religious ideas that, however varied in space and unstable over time, has demonstrated a remarkable persistence in Iran across a period of two millennia. The central thesis is that this complex of ideas has been endemic to the mountain population of Iran and occasionally become epidemic with major consequences for the country, most strikingly in the revolts examined here and in the rise of the Safavids who imposed Shi'ism on Iran. This learned and engaging book by one of the most influential scholars of early Islamic history casts entirely new light on the nature of religion in pre-Islamic Iran and on the persistence of Iranian religious beliefs both outside and inside Islam after the Arab conquest.},
googlebooks = {7k0hAwAAQBAJ},
isbn = {978-1-139-51076-9},
keywords = {History / Middle East / General,Religion / Islam / General},
language = {en}
}
@article{Cunningham2006,
title = {Veto {{Players}} and {{Civil War Duration}}},
shorttitle = {Veto {{Players}} and {{Civil War Duration}}},
author = {Cunningham, David E.},
year = {2006},
volume = {50},
pages = {875--892},
issn = {0092-5853},
doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00221.x},
abstract = {Civil wars show a remarkable variation in how long they last. Some end within days
others continue for decades. What explains the extreme intractability of some wars while others are resolved quickly? This article argues that conflicts with multiple actors who must approve a settlement (veto players) are longer because there are fewer acceptable agreements, information asymmetries are more acute, and shifting alliances and incentives to hold out make negotiation more difficult. This veto player approach to explaining variation in civil war duration is tested using a new dataset containing monthly data on all parties to each civil war begun since World War II. The statistical analysis shows a strong correlation between the number of veto players and the duration of civil war.},
journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
number = {4}
}
@article{Cunningham2013c,
title = {Actor {{Fragmentation}} and {{Civil War Bargaining}}: {{How Internal Divisions Generate Civil Conflict}}},
shorttitle = {Actor {{Fragmentation}} and {{Civil War Bargaining}}},
author = {Cunningham, Kathleen Gallagher},
year = {2013},
month = jul,
volume = {57},
pages = {659--672},
issn = {1540-5907},
doi = {10.1111/ajps.12003},
abstract = {Wars within states have become much more common than wars between them. A dominant approach to understanding civil war assumes that opposition movements are unitary, when empirically, most of them are not. I develop a theory for how internal divisions within opposition movements affect their ability to bargain with the state and avoid conflict. I argue that more divided movements generate greater commitment and information problems, thus making civil war more likely. I test this expectation using new annual data on the internal structure of opposition movements seeking self-determination. I find that more divided movements are much more likely to experience civil war onset and incidence. This analysis suggests that the assumption that these movements are unitary has severely limited our understanding of when these disputes degenerate into civil wars.},
copyright = {\textcopyright 2013, Midwest Political Science Association},
journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
keywords = {AS,PCS},
language = {en},
number = {3}
}
@book{Daryaee2014,
title = {Sasanian {{Persia}}: {{The Rise}} and {{Fall}} of an {{Empire}}},
shorttitle = {Sasanian {{Persia}}},
author = {Daryaee, Touraj},
year = {2014},
month = aug,
publisher = {{I.B.Tauris}},
address = {{London}},
abstract = {Of profound importance in late antiquity, the Sasanian Empire is virtually unknown today, except as a counterpoint to the Roman Empire. In this highly readable history, Touraj Daryaee fills a significant gap in our knowledge of world history. He examines the Sasanians' complex and colourful narrative and demonstrates their unique significance, not only for the development of Iranian civilization but also for Roman and Islamic history. The Sasanians were the last of the ancient Persian dynasties and are best known as the pre-eminent practitioners of the Zoroastrian religion. Founded by Ardashir I in 224 CE, the Sasanian Empire was the dominant force in the Middle East for several centuries until its last king, Yazdgerd III, was defeated by the Muslim Arabs in the seventh century. In this concise yet comprehensive new book, Touraj Daryaee provides an unrivalled account of SasanianPersia. Drawing on extensive new sources, he paints a vivid portrait of Sasanian life and unravels the divergent strands that contributed to the making of this great empire. 'A masterpiece of research and will be the last word on Sasanian Iran in all of its aspects' - Richard N. Frye, Emeritus Professor of Iranian Studies, Harvard University},
googlebooks = {GSCDBAAAQBAJ},
isbn = {978-0-85773-722-9},
keywords = {History / Ancient / General,History / Asia / General,History / Middle East / General,Political Science / World / Middle Eastern},
language = {en}
}
@article{Denny2014,
title = {Ethnicity and Civil War},
author = {Denny, Elaine K and Walter, Barbara F},
year = {2014},
month = mar,
volume = {51},
pages = {199--212},
issn = {0022-3433, 1460-3578},
doi = {10.1177/0022343313512853},
abstract = {If a civil war begins, it is more likely to be initiated by an ethnic group than any other type of group. We argue that ethnic groups, on average, are likely to have more grievances against the state, are likely to have an easier time organizing support and mobilizing a movement, and are more likely to face difficult-to-resolve bargaining problems. We further argue that each of these factors was likely due to three pre-existing patterns associated with ethnicity. First, when political power is divided along ethnic lines, ruling elites can disproportionately favor their own ethnic group at the expense of others. This creates grievances that fall along ethnic lines. Second, ethnic groups tend to live together in concentrated spaces, sharing the same language and customs, and enjoying deep ties with ethnic kin. This means that ethnic groups, if they are aggrieved, will have an easier time mobilizing support to demand change. Third, the fact that ethnic identity tends to be less elastic than other types of identity means that credible commitments to any bargain \textendash{} before and during a conflict\textemdash{} will be more difficult to make. The result is that ethnic groups will have a greater number of reasons, opportunities, and incentives to mobilize and fight than non-ethnic groups.},
journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
language = {en},
number = {2}
}
@techreport{Depetris-Chauvin2015,
title = {State {{History}} and {{Contemporary Conflict}}: {{Evidence}} from {{Sub}}-{{Saharan Africa}}},
shorttitle = {State {{History}} and {{Contemporary Conflict}}},
author = {{Depetris-Chauvin}, Emilio},
year = {2015},
month = oct,
address = {{Rochester, NY}},
institution = {{Social Science Research Network}},
abstract = {I examine empirically the role of historical political centralization on the likelihood of modern civil conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa. I combine a wide variety of historical sources to construct an original measure of long-run exposure to statehood at the sub-national level. I then exploit within-country variation in this new measure along with georeferenced conflict data to document a robust negative statistical relationship between local long-run exposure to state institutions and contemporary conflict. From a variety of identification strategies I provide evidence suggesting that the relationship is causal. I argue that regions with long experience with statehood are better equipped with mechanisms to establish and preserve order. Consistently with this hypothesis, I provide evidence that those regions are less prone to experience conflict when hit by a negative economic shock. I finally exploit contemporary individual-level survey data for 18 Sub-Saharan countries to show that within-country long history of statehood is linked to people's positive attitudes toward local state institutions and traditional leaders.},
keywords = {Conflict,Institutions,PCS,Pre-colonial Development,Statehood,Sub-Saharan Africa},
language = {en},
number = {ID 2679594},
type = {{{SSRN Scholarly Paper}}}
}
@techreport{Depetris-Chauvin2016,
title = {State {{History}} and {{Contemporary Conflict}}: {{Evidence}} from {{Sub}}-{{Saharan Africa}}},
shorttitle = {State {{History}} and {{Contemporary Conflict}}},
author = {{Depetris-Chauvin}, Emilio},
year = {2016},
institution = {{Instituto de Economia. Pontificia Universidad Cat\'olica de Chile.}},
abstract = {I examine empirically the role of historical political centralization on the likelihood of contemporary civil conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa. I combine a wide variety of historical sources to construct an original measure of long-run exposure to statehood at the sub-national level. I then exploit variation in this new measure along with geo-referenced conflict data to document a robust negative relationship between long-run exposure to statehood and contemporary conflict. From a variety of identification strategies, I provide evidence suggesting that the relationship is causal. I argue that regions with long histories of statehood are better equipped with mechanisms to establish and preserve order. I provide two pieces of evidence consistent with this hypothesis. First, regions with relatively long historical exposure to statehood are less prone to experience conflict when hit by a negative economic shock. Second, exploiting contemporary individual-level survey data, I show that within-country long historical statehood experience is linked to people's positive attitudes toward state institutions and traditional leaders.},
number = {475},
type = {Documentos de {{Trabajo}}}
}
@article{DeSoysa2002,
title = {Paradise {{Is}} a {{Bazaar}}? {{Greed}}, {{Creed}}, and {{Governance}} in {{Civil War}}, 1989-99.},
author = {De Soysa, Indra},
year = {2002},
volume = {39},
pages = {395--416},
journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
number = {4}
}
@article{DeSoysa2007,
title = {Resource {{Wealth}} and the {{Risk}} of {{Civil War Onset}}: {{Results}} from a {{New Dataset}} of {{Natural Resource Rents}}, 1970\textemdash 1999},
shorttitle = {Resource {{Wealth}} and the {{Risk}} of {{Civil War Onset}}},
author = {De Soysa, Indra and Neumayer, Eric},
year = {2007},
volume = {24},
pages = {201--218},
journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
number = {3}
}
@article{deSoysa2010,
title = {Is the Hidden Hand an Iron Fist? {{Capitalism}} and Civil Peace, 1970-2005},
shorttitle = {Is the Hidden Hand an Iron Fist? {{Capitalism}} and Civil Peace, 1970-2005},
author = {{de Soysa}, Indra and Fjelde, Hanne},
year = {2010},
volume = {47},
pages = {287--298},
issn = {0022-3433},
doi = {10.1177/0022343310362167},
abstract = {There is surprisingly little empirical scholarship on the spread of capitalistic economic policies under the rubric of `globalization' and domestic peace. While the classical liberals saw free markets leading to social harmony because of self-interest of individuals, who cooperate for profit, Marxists and others viewed markets as anarchical, requiring state intervention for obtaining justice and peace. The authors argue from an opportunity-cost perspective that the payoffs to rebellion are structured by how an economy is governed. Closed economies are likelier than more open ones to accumulate `rebellion specific capital' because of high payoffs to organization in the shadows. Using an index of economic freedom that measures how free people are to transact in an economy, the authors find that countries more favorable to free enterprise have a reduced risk of civil war onsets, a result that is robust to the inclusion of institutional quality, per capita wealth, and sundry controls. The results hold up despite a battery of specification changes, alternative data, and testing methods. The findings do not suggest that states under conditions of capitalism lose their autonomy to provide the public good of peace, as skeptics of globalization claim. Peacemakers will do well to build institutions that reward productive investment over rent-seeking, alongside democratic institutions that ultimately gain their legitimacy on the back of good economic performance and well-functioning markets.},
journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
keywords = {Capitalism,Civil Conflict,Civil War,Economic Freedom,Globalization},
number = {3}
}
@article{Dincecco2019,
title = {Is {{Africa Different}}? {{Historical Conflict}} and {{State Development}}},
shorttitle = {Is {{Africa Different}}?},
author = {Dincecco, Mark and Fenske, James and Onorato, Massimiliano Gaetano},
year = {2019},
month = may,
volume = {34},
pages = {209--250},
issn = {2078-0389},
doi = {10.1080/20780389.2019.1586528},
abstract = {We show new evidence that the consequences of historical warfare for state development differ for Sub-Saharan Africa. We identify the locations of more than 1,600 conflicts in Africa, Asia, and Europe from 1400 to 1799. We find that historical warfare predicts common-interest states defined by high fiscal capacity and low civil conflict across much of the Old World. For Sub-Saharan Africa, historical warfare predicts special-interest states defined by high fiscal capacity and high civil conflict. Our results offer new evidence about where and when `war makes states'.},
journal = {Economic History of Developing Regions},
keywords = {Civil Conflict,Fiscal Capacity,PCS,State Development,Warfare},
number = {2}
}
@book{Doyle1986,
title = {Empires},
author = {Doyle, Michael W.},
year = {1986},
publisher = {{Cornell University Press}},
address = {{Ithaca, New York}},
}
@article{Easterly1997,
title = {Africa's {{Growth Tragedy}}: {{Policies}} and {{Ethnic Divisions}}},
shorttitle = {Africa's {{Growth Tragedy}}},
author = {Easterly, William and Levine, Ross},
year = {1997},
month = nov,
volume = {112},
pages = {1203--1250},
issn = {0033-5533},
doi = {10.1162/003355300555466},
abstract = {Abstract. Explaining cross-country differences in growth rates requires not only an understanding of the link between growth and public policies, but also an u},
journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
keywords = {AS},
language = {en},
number = {4}
}