Inception

Inception is a 42 project focused on learning Docker and Docker Compose. The objective is to create a small network of three Docker containers: one for Nginx, one for WordPress, and one for MariaDB. These containers must interact over the Docker network to serve a local website.

Project Structure

The project is structured as follows:

• srcs/: Contains the Docker configurations and project files.
  • nginx/: Configuration files for the Nginx container.
  • wordpress/: Files related to the WordPress installation.
  • mariadb/: MariaDB configuration and initialization files.
  • .env: Environment variables file.

Usage

To launch this project, follow these steps:

1. Clone this repository and navigate into it:

   git clone <repository_url>
   cd <repository_directory>

2. In the srcs folder, fill out the ExampleEnvFile and save it as srcs/.env.

3. Edit the login variable in the Makefile to reflect your 42 school login.

4. Build and launch the Docker containers using make:

   make

5. The website should be accessible at https://localhost or http://<your_login>.42.fr (replace <your_login> with the value in the Makefile).

Project Notes

Viewing Docker Images, Containers, Volumes, and Networks

• Show Docker images:

  docker images

• Show Docker containers:

  docker ps

  Add -a to view stopped/exited containers:

  docker ps -a

• Show Docker volumes:

  docker volume ls

  Inspect a volume:

  docker volume inspect <volume_name>

• Show Docker networks:

  docker network ls

Useful Commands for Debugging Docker Containers

• Show logs:

  docker-compose logs

  Follow logs for a specific container:

  docker-compose logs --follow <container_name>

• Run a container in interactive mode:

  docker run -it <image_ID>

• Execute a command inside a running container:

  docker exec <container_name> <command>

• Execute an interactive command inside a running container:

  docker exec -it <container_name> <command>

• Open a shell inside a running container:

  docker exec -it <container_name> sh

Dockerfile Basic Commands

• FROM: Sets the base image for the container. For example, Alpine:3.18.
• RUN: Executes commands during the build process, such as installing software.
• COPY: Copies files from the host to the container.
• EXPOSE: Exposes a port to the outside.
• CMD ["command", "args"]: Specifies the default command to run in the container. It can be overridden by providing a different command in the docker run command.
• ENTRYPOINT ["command", "args"]: Defines the command to run at container startup. Unlike CMD, this command cannot be overridden by docker run.

Useful Resources

Docker

• Docker Curriculum
• Dockerfile Reference
• How to Debug a Docker Compose Build

Alpine Linux

• Alpine Linux

Nginx

• NGINX Configuration Beginner's Guide
• OpenSSL Man Page
• Generate Self-Signed SSL Certificate with OpenSSL

MariaDB

• How do I find the MySQL my.cnf location
• How to Install and Configure Mariadb
• Configuring MariaDB with Option Files
• MariaDB Server System Variables
• Configuring MariaDB for Remote Client Access
• How to Allow Remote Access to MariaDB in Ubuntu Linux

WordPress

• PHP
• Installing WordPress with curl and WP-CLI
• WP-CLI Commands
• WP-CLI Overview

Advanced Tips

Persistent Data

Ensure your data persists between container restarts by properly configuring Docker volumes. For instance, in the docker-compose.yml file:

volumes:
  db_data:
    driver: local
  wordpress_data:
    driver: local

Security

• Use strong, unique passwords for your MariaDB and WordPress instances.
• Regularly update your Docker images to include the latest security patches.

Performance

• Use optimized images, such as Alpine, to reduce the container size.
• Leverage multi-stage builds in Dockerfiles to keep your images lean and performant.

For 42 Student you can run the script ./init_docker.sh inside this repo https://github.com/alexandregv/42toolbox.git to use docker in goinfre !