Analyze changes need to make all transforms recursion_safe

[aalexandrov]

Go over all impl Transform blocks and fill in the table in the design doc (#17820) with appropriate estimates and notes about the work that needs to be done in order to stabilize each transform.

I suspect that work will generally fall into two categories:

1. Transform implementations that don't depend on information derived from a structures or change structures that are LocalId references should work out of the box.
2. Transform implementations that don't fall into this category. Those require more in-depth analysis, but most probably a common pattern will emerge.

[aalexandrov]

Initial analysis is done and reflected in the design doc.

Trivially recursion safe transformations are marked as such in #18124.

There are 16 remaining transforms of which 12 need code changes before they can be marked as recursion_safe and 4 seem like a relatively straight-forward changes. After a second pass I will write some thoughts about changes needed to the non-trivial transformations.

[aalexandrov]

Analysis will proceed on a case-by-case basis for the remaining open transforms:

• Rework column_knowledge so it is recursion_safe #18161
• Rework demand so it is recursion_safe #18162
• Rework fold_constants so it is recursion_safe #18163
• Rework fuse_and_collapse so it is recursion_safe #18164
• Rework literal_lifting so it is recursion_safe #18165
• Rework non_null_requirements so it is recursion_safe #18166
• Rework projection_lifting so it is recursion_safe #18168
• Rework projection_pushdown so it is recursion_safe #18169
• Rework reduce_elision so it is recursion_safe #18170
• Rework reduction_pushdown so it is recursion_safe #18171
• Rework redundant_join so it is recursion_safe #18172
• Rework relation_cse so it is recursion_safe #18173
• Rework semijoin_idempotence so it is recursion_safe #18174
• Rework threshold_elision so it is recursion_safe #18175

The work for those is tracked under #17915. Emerging common patterns will be reflected directly in the design doc.