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title description keywords ms.prod ms.mktglfcycl ms.sitesec ms.localizationpriority audience author ms.author manager ms.collection ms.topic ms.date ms.reviewer
Windows 10, version 1709, connection endpoints for non-Enterprise editions
Explains what Windows 10 endpoints are used in non-Enterprise editions. Specific to Windows 10, version 1709.
privacy, manage connections to Microsoft, Windows 10, Windows Server 2016
w10
manage
library
high
ITPro
dansimp
dansimp
dansimp
M365-security-compliance
article
6/26/2018

Windows 10, version 1709, connection endpoints for non-Enterprise editions

Applies to

  • Windows 10 Home, version 1709
  • Windows 10 Professional, version 1709
  • Windows 10 Education, version 1709

In addition to the endpoints listed for Windows 10 Enterprise, the following endpoints are available on other editions of Windows 10, version 1709.

We used the following methodology to derive these network endpoints:

  1. Set up the latest version of Windows 10 on a test virtual machine using the default settings.
  2. Leave the devices running idle for a week (that is, a user is not interacting with the system/device).
  3. Use globally accepted network protocol analyzer/capturing tools and log all background egress traffic.
  4. Compile reports on traffic going to public IP addresses.
  5. The test virtual machine was logged in using a local account and was not joined to a domain or Azure Active Directory.
  6. All traffic was captured in our lab using a IPV4 network. Therefore no IPV6 traffic is reported here.

Note

Microsoft uses global load balancers that can appear in network trace-routes. For example, an endpoint for *.akadns.net might be used to load balance requests to an Azure datacenter, which can change over time.

Windows 10 Home

Destination Protocol Description
*.tlu.dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com.c.footprint.net HTTP Enables connections to Windows Update.
*.wac.phicdn.net HTTP Used by the Verizon Content Delivery Network to perform Windows updates.
*.1.msftsrvcs.vo.llnwi.net HTTP Used for Windows Update downloads of apps and OS updates.
*.c-msedge.net HTTP Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
*.delivery.dsp.mp.microsoft.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.2 Enables connections to Windows Update.
*.dscd.akamai.net HTTP Used to download content.
*.dspg.akamaiedge.net HTTP Used to check for updates to maps that have been downloaded for offline use.
*.hwcdn.net HTTP Used by the Highwinds Content Delivery Network to perform Windows updates.
*.m1-msedge.net TLSv1.2 Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
*.search.msn.com TLSv1.2 Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
*.wac.edgecastcdn.net TLSv1.2 Used by the Verizon Content Delivery Network to perform Windows updates.
*.wns.windows.com TLSv1.2 Used for the Windows Push Notification Services (WNS).
*prod.do.dsp.mp.microsoft.com TLSv1.2/HTTPS Used for Windows Update downloads of apps and OS updates.
.g.akamaiedge.net HTTP Used to check for updates to maps that have been downloaded for offline use.
2.dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com HTTP Enables connections to Windows Update.
2.tlu.dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com HTTP Enables connections to Windows Update.
arc.msn.com HTTPS Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
arc.msn.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.2 Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
a-ring.msedge.net HTTPS Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
au.download.windowsupdate.com HTTP Used to download operating system patches and updates.
b-ring.msedge.net HTTPS Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
candycrushsoda.king.com TLSv1.2 Used for Candy Crush Saga updates.
cdn.content.prod.cms.msn.com HTTP Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
cdn.onenote.net HTTP Used for OneNote Live Tile.
client-office365-tas.msedge.net HTTP Used to connect to the Office 365 portal’s shared infrastructure, including Office.
config.edge.skype.com HTTP Used to retrieve Skype configuration values.
ctldl.windowsupdate.com HTTP Used to download certificates that are publicly known to be fraudulent.
cy2.displaycatalog.md.mp.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
cy2.licensing.md.mp.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
cy2.purchase.md.mp.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
cy2.settings.data.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used as a way for apps to dynamically update their configuration.
cy2.vortex.data.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used to retrieve Windows Insider Preview builds.
definitionupdates.microsoft.com HTTPS Used for Windows Defender definition updates.
displaycatalog.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Enables connections to Windows Update.
dual-a-0001.a-msedge.net TLSv1.2 Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
fe2.update.microsoft.com HTTPS Enables connections to Windows Update, Microsoft Update, and the online services of Microsoft Store.
fe2.update.microsoft.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.2 Enables connections to Windows Update, Microsoft Update, and the online services of Microsoft Store.
fe3.delivery.dsp.mp.microsoft.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.2/HTTPS Enables connections to Windows Update, Microsoft Update, and the online services of Microsoft Store.
fg.download.windowsupdate.com.c.footprint.net HTTP Used to download operating system patches and updates.
fp.msedge.net HTTPS Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
g.live.com/1rewlive5skydrive/ HTTPS Used by a redirection service to automatically update URLs.
g.msn.com.nsatc.net HTTP Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
geo-prod.do.dsp.mp.microsoft.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.2 Enables connections to Windows Update.
go.microsoft.com HTTPS Used by a redirection service to automatically update URLs.
img-prod-cms-rt-microsoft-com.akamaized.net HTTPS Used to download image files that are called when applications run (Microsoft Store or Inbox MSN Apps).
*.login.msa.akadns6.net TLSv1.2 Used for Microsoft accounts to sign in.
licensing.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Used for online activation and some app licensing.
location-inference-westus.cloudapp.net TLSv1.2 Used for location data.
login.live.com HTTPS Used to authenticate a device.
mediaredirect.microsoft.com HTTPS Used by the Groove Music app to update HTTP handler status.
modern.watson.data.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used by Windows Error Reporting.
msftsrvcs.vo.llnwd.net HTTP Enables connections to Windows Update.
msnbot-*.search.msn.com TLSv1.2 Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
oem.twimg.com HTTPS Used for the Twitter Live Tile.
oneclient.sfx.ms HTTPS Used by OneDrive for Business to download and verify app updates.
peer4-wst.msedge.net HTTPS Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
pti.store.microsoft.com HTTPS Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
pti.store.microsoft.com.unistore.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
purchase.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
ris.api.iris.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2/HTTPS Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
settings-win.data.microsoft.com HTTPS Used for Windows apps to dynamically update their configuration.
sls.update.microsoft.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.2/HTTPS Enables connections to Windows Update.
star-mini.c10r.facebook.com TLSv1.2 Used for the Facebook Live Tile.
storecatalogrevocation.storequality.microsoft.com HTTPS Used to revoke licenses for malicious apps on the Microsoft Store.
storeedgefd.dsx.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
store-images.s-microsoft.com HTTP Used to get images that are used for Microsoft Store suggestions.
tile-service.weather.microsoft.com HTTP Used to download updates to the Weather app Live Tile.
tsfe.trafficshaping.dsp.mp.microsoft.com TLSv1.2 Used for content regulation.
v10.vortex-win.data.microsoft.com HTTPS Used to retrieve Windows Insider Preview builds.
wallet.microsoft.com HTTPS Used by the Microsoft Wallet app.
wallet-frontend-prod-westus.cloudapp.net TLSv1.2 Used by the Microsoft Wallet app.
*.telemetry.microsoft.com HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
ceuswatcab01.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
ceuswatcab02.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
eaus2watcab01.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
eaus2watcab02.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
weus2watcab01.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
weus2watcab02.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
wdcp.microsoft.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used for Windows Defender when Cloud-based Protection is enabled.
wildcard.twimg.com TLSv1.2 Used for the Twitter Live Tile.
www.bing.com HTTP Used for updates for Cortana, apps, and Live Tiles.
www.facebook.com HTTPS Used for the Facebook Live Tile.
www.microsoft.com HTTPS Used for updates for Cortana, apps, and Live Tiles.

Windows 10 Pro

Destination Protocol Description
..akamai.net HTTP Used to download content.
..akamaiedge.net TLSv1.2/HTTP Used to check for updates to maps that have been downloaded for offline use.
*.a-msedge.net TLSv1.2 Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
*.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Update to update words used for language input methods.
*.c-msedge.net HTTP Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
*.dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com HTTP Enables connections to Windows Update.
*.dspb.akamaiedge.net TLSv1.2 Used to check for updates to maps that have been downloaded for offline use.
*.dspg.akamaiedge.net TLSv1.2 Used to check for updates to maps that have been downloaded for offline use.
*.e-msedge.net TLSv1.2 Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
*.login.msa.akadns6.net TLSv1.2 Used for Microsoft accounts to sign in.
*.s-msedge.net TLSv1.2 Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
*.telecommand.telemetry.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used by Windows Error Reporting.
*.wac.edgecastcdn.net TLSv1.2 Used by the Verizon Content Delivery Network to perform Windows updates.
*.wac.phicdn.net HTTP Used by the Verizon Content Delivery Network to perform Windows updates.
*.wns.windows.com TLSv1.2 Used for the Windows Push Notification Services (WNS).
*prod.do.dsp.mp.microsoft.com TLSv1.2/HTTPS Used for Windows Update downloads of apps and OS updates.
3.dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Enables connections to Windows Update.
3.dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com.c.footprint.net HTTP Enables connections to Windows Update.
3.tlu.dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com HTTP Enables connections to Windows Update.
3.tlu.dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com.c.footprint.net HTTP Enables connections to Windows Update.
arc.msn.com HTTPS Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
arc.msn.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.3 Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
au.download.windowsupdate.com HTTPS Used to download operating system patches and updates.
b-ring.msedge.net HTTPS Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
candycrushsoda.king.com HTTPS Used for Candy Crush Saga updates.
cdn.content.prod.cms.msn.com HTTP Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
cdn.onenote.net HTTPS Used for OneNote Live Tile.
client-office365-tas.msedge.net HTTPS Used to connect to the Office 365 portal’s shared infrastructure, including Office.
config.edge.skype.com HTTPS Used to retrieve Skype configuration values.
ctldl.windowsupdate.com HTTP Used to download certificates that are publicly known to be fraudulent.
cs12.wpc.v0cdn.net HTTP Used by the Verizon Content Delivery Network to download content for Windows upgrades with Wireless Planning and Coordination (WPC).
cy2.displaycatalog.md.mp.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
cy2.settings.data.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used as a way for apps to dynamically update their configuration.
cy2.vortex.data.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used to retrieve Windows Insider Preview builds.
definitionupdates.microsoft.com HTTPS Used for Windows Defender definition updates.
displaycatalog.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
download.windowsupdate.com HTTP Enables connections to Windows Update.
evoke-windowsservices-tas.msedge.net HTTPS Used by the Photos app to download configuration files, and to connect to the Office 365 portal’s shared infrastructure, including Office.
fe2.update.microsoft.com HTTPS Enables connections to Windows Update, Microsoft Update, and the online services of Microsoft Store.
fe2.update.microsoft.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.2 Enables connections to Windows Update, Microsoft Update, and the online services of Microsoft Store.
fe3.delivery.dsp.mp.microsoft.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.2/HTTPS Enables connections to Windows Update, Microsoft Update, and the online services of Microsoft Store.
fe3.delivery.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Enables connections to Windows Update, Microsoft Update, and the online services of Microsoft Store.
fg.download.windowsupdate.com.c.footprint.net HTTP Used to download operating system patches and updates.
fp.msedge.net HTTPS Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
fs.microsoft.com HTTPS Used to download fonts on demand
g.live.com HTTP Used by a redirection service to automatically update URLs.
g.msn.com HTTPS Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
g.msn.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.2 Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
geo-prod.do.dsp.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Enables connections to Windows Update.
geover-prod.do.dsp.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Enables connections to Windows Update.
go.microsoft.com HTTPS Used by a redirection service to automatically update URLs.
gpla1.wac.v2cdn.net HTTP Used for Baltimore CyberTrust Root traffic. .
img-prod-cms-rt-microsoft-com.akamaized.net HTTPS Used to download image files that are called when applications run (Microsoft Store or Inbox MSN Apps).
licensing.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Used for online activation and some app licensing.
location-inference-westus.cloudapp.net TLSv1.2 Used for location data.
login.live.com HTTPS Used to authenticate a device.
l-ring.msedge.net HTTPS Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
mediaredirect.microsoft.com HTTPS Used by the Groove Music app to update HTTP handler status.
modern.watson.data.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used by Windows Error Reporting.
msnbot-*.search.msn.com TLSv1.2 Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
oem.twimg.com HTTP Used for the Twitter Live Tile.
oneclient.sfx.ms HTTP Used by OneDrive for Business to download and verify app updates.
peer1-wst.msedge.net HTTP Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
pti.store.microsoft.com HTTPS Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
pti.store.microsoft.com.unistore.akadns.net HTTPS Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
purchase.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
ris.api.iris.microsoft.com HTTPS Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
settings-win.data.microsoft.com HTTPS Used for Windows apps to dynamically update their configuration.
sls.update.microsoft.com HTTPS Enables connections to Windows Update.
storecatalogrevocation.storequality.microsoft.com HTTPS Used to revoke licenses for malicious apps on the Microsoft Store.
storeedgefd.dsx.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
store-images.s-microsoft.com HTTPS Used to get images that are used for Microsoft Store suggestions.
store-images.s-microsoft.com HTTPS Used to get images that are used for Microsoft Store suggestions.
*.telemetry.microsoft.com HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
ceuswatcab01.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
ceuswatcab02.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
eaus2watcab01.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
eaus2watcab02.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
weus2watcab01.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
weus2watcab02.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
tile-service.weather.microsoft.com HTTP Used to download updates to the Weather app Live Tile.
tsfe.trafficshaping.dsp.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Used for content regulation.
v10.vortex-win.data.microsoft.com HTTPS Used to retrieve Windows Insider Preview builds.
wallet.microsoft.com HTTPS Used by the Microsoft Wallet app.
wdcp.microsoft.akadns.net HTTPS Used for Windows Defender when Cloud-based Protection is enabled.
wildcard.twimg.com TLSv1.2 Used for the Twitter Live Tile.
www.bing.com TLSv1.2 Used for updates for Cortana, apps, and Live Tiles.
www.facebook.com HTTPS Used for the Facebook Live Tile.
www.microsoft.com HTTPS Used for updates for Cortana, apps, and Live Tiles.

Windows 10 Education

Destination Protocol Description
*.a-msedge.net TLSv1.2 Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
*.b.akamaiedge.net TLSv1.2 Used to check for updates to maps that have been downloaded for offline use.
*.c-msedge.net HTTP Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
*.dscb1.akamaiedge.net HTTP Used to check for updates to maps that have been downloaded for offline use.
*.dscd.akamai.net HTTP Used to download content.
*.dspb.akamaiedge.net TLSv1.2 Used to check for updates to maps that have been downloaded for offline use.
*.dspw65.akamai.net HTTP Used to download content.
*.e-msedge.net TLSv1.2 Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
*.g.akamai.net HTTP Used to download content.
*.g.akamaiedge.net TLSv1.2 Used to check for updates to maps that have been downloaded for offline use.
*.l.windowsupdate.com HTTP Enables connections to Windows Update.
*.s-msedge.net TLSv1.2 Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
*.wac.phicdn.net HTTP Used by the Verizon Content Delivery Network to perform Windows updates
*.wns.windows.com TLSv1.2 Used for the Windows Push Notification Services (WNS).
*prod.do.dsp.mp.microsoft.com TLSv1.2 Used for Windows Update downloads of apps and OS updates.
*prod.do.dsp.mp.microsoft.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.2 Used for Windows Update downloads of apps and OS updates.
3.dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com.c.footprint.net HTTP Enables connections to Windows Update.
3.tlu.dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com.c.footprint.net HTTP Enables connections to Windows Update.
a-ring.msedge.net HTTPS Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
au.download.windowsupdate.com HTTP Used to download operating system patches and updates.
cdn.onenote.net HTTPS Used for OneNote Live Tile.
cds.*.hwcdn.net HTTP Used by the Highwinds Content Delivery Network to perform Windows updates.
co4.telecommand.telemetry.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used by Windows Error Reporting.
config.edge.skype.com HTTPS Used to retrieve Skype configuration values.
ctldl.windowsupdate.com HTTP Used to download certificates that are publicly known to be fraudulent.
cs12.wpc.v0cdn.net HTTP Used by the Verizon Content Delivery Network to download content for Windows upgrades with Wireless Planning and Coordination (WPC).
cy2.displaycatalog.md.mp.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
cy2.settings.data.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used as a way for apps to dynamically update their configuration.
cy2.vortex.data.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used to retrieve Windows Insider Preview builds.
dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Enables connections to Windows Update.
download.windowsupdate.com HTTP Enables connections to Windows Update.
evoke-windowsservices-tas.msedge.net/ab HTTPS Used by the Photos app to download configuration files, and to connect to the Office 365 portal’s shared infrastructure, including Office.
fe2.update.microsoft.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.2 Enables connections to Windows Update, Microsoft Update, and the online services of Microsoft Store.
fe3.delivery.dsp.mp.microsoft.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.2 Enables connections to Windows Update.
fg.download.windowsupdate.com.c.footprint.net HTTP Used to download operating system patches and updates.
fp.msedge.net HTTPS Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
g.msn.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.2/HTTP Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
geo-prod.do.dsp.mp.microsoft.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.2 Enables connections to Windows Update.
geover-prod.do.dsp.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Enables connections to Windows Update.
go.microsoft.com HTTPS Used by a redirection service to automatically update URLs.
gpla1.wac.v2cdn.net HTTP Used for Baltimore CyberTrust Root traffic. .
ipv4.login.msa.akadns6.net TLSv1.2 Used for Microsoft accounts to sign in.
licensing.mp.microsoft.com HTTPS Used for online activation and some app licensing.
location-inference-westus.cloudapp.net TLSv1.2 Used for location data.
login.live.com/* HTTPS Used to authenticate a device.
l-ring.msedge.net HTTPS Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
mediaredirect.microsoft.com HTTPS Used by the Groove Music app to update HTTP handler status.
modern.watson.data.microsoft.com.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used by Windows Error Reporting.
msftconnecttest.com/* HTTP Used by Network Connection Status Indicator (NCSI) to detect Internet connectivity and corporate network connectivity status.
msnbot-65-52-108-198.search.msn.com TLSv1.2 Used to retrieve Windows Spotlight metadata.
oneclient.sfx.ms HTTP Used by OneDrive for Business to download and verify app updates.
peer1-wst.msedge.net HTTPS Used by OfficeHub to get the metadata of Office apps.
pti.store.microsoft.com.unistore.akadns.net TLSv1.2 Used to communicate with Microsoft Store.
settings-win.data.microsoft.com HTTPS Used for Windows apps to dynamically update their configuration.
sls.update.microsoft.com.nsatc.net TLSv1.2 Enables connections to Windows Update.
store-images.s-microsoft.com HTTPS Used to get images that are used for Microsoft Store suggestions.
tile-service.weather.microsoft.com HTTP Used to download updates to the Weather app Live Tile.
*.telemetry.microsoft.com HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
ceuswatcab01.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
ceuswatcab02.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
eaus2watcab01.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
eaus2watcab02.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
weus2watcab01.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
weus2watcab02.blob.core.windows.net HTTPS Used by Windows Error Reporting.
tsfe.trafficshaping.dsp.mp.microsoft.com TLSv1.2 Used for content regulation.
wallet.microsoft.com HTTPS Used by the Microsoft Wallet app.

| wdcp.microsoft.akadns.net | TLSv1.2 | Used for Windows Defender when Cloud-based Protection is enabled. | | www.bing.com | HTTPS | Used for updates for Cortana, apps, and Live Tiles. |