Linux is a free and open-source operating system that is widely used for running servers, desktops, and other types of devices. It is known for its stability and security and it is developed and maintained by a global community of volunteers.
A Linux server is a computer running the Linux operating system and designed to host applications and services for multiple users.
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Open Source
Open source means that its source code is available to the public and can be modified and distributed freely. This is in contrast to proprietary operating systems, which are owned by a company and are not available for users to view or modify.
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Multitasking
It is capable of running multiple programs or processes at the same time. This is made possible by the kernel, the core of the operating system, which is responsible for managing the system's resources and scheduling tasks to be run by the CPU.
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Reliability
A reliable system is one that is dependable and can be trusted to work consistently and correctly. This is especially important for systems that are used in mission-critical or safety-critical applications, where a failure could have serious consequences.
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Debian.
Package format: .deb
Package manager: dpkg (used to install and manage packages) and apt (used to search for and install packages)
Distributions based on Debian: Ubuntu, Kali Linux
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Red Hat.
Package format: .rpm
Package manager: rpm (used to install and manage packages) and yum (used to search for and install packages)
Distributions based on Red Hat: Fedora, CentOS