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testing a footnote
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mobb committed Mar 21, 2019
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The examples in this primer should also make clear that inconsistent annotations could create confusion.
So be careful, and if you have questions, bring them up in your community for feedback.

If you already understand the basics of how RDF and the Semantic Web work, and are eager to simply learn how to implement semantic annotations in your EML documents, feel free to skip the next two sections, and go directly to the section on "Semantic Annotations in EML 2.2.0". If you want a refresher on how these semantic annotations will work, and why they are immensely powerful, the next two sections may be helpful.
If you already understand the basics of how RDF and the Semantic Web work, and are eager to simply learn how to implement semantic annotations in your EML documents, feel free to skip the next two sections, and go directly to the section on "Semantic Annotations in EML 2.2.0". If you want a refresher on how these semantic annotations will work, and why they are immensely powerful, the next two sections may be helpful.

### Semantic triples

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Semantic annotations added to an EML document can be extracted and processed into a semantic web format, such as RDF/XML. These"semantic" statements, i.e. RDF triples, are interpretable by any machines that can process the W3C standard of RDF. Those RDF statements contribute to the Semantic Web.

#### URIs
Ideally, the components of the semantic triple should be globally unique and persistent (unchanging), and consist of resolvable/dereferenceable HTTP uniform resource identifiers (URIs; or more formally, IRI's). The *subjects* of most EML semantic annotations will likely be HTTP URI's that identify the dataset resource itself, or specific attributes or other features within a dataset. The *objects* of EML semantic annotations, as well as the *predicates* that relate the subject to the object, will most typically be HTTP URI references to terms in controlled vocabularies (also called "knowledge graphs", or "ontologies") accessible through the Web, so that users (or computers) can dereference the URI's and look up precise definitions and relationships of these resources to other terms.
Ideally, the components of the semantic triple should be globally unique and persistent (unchanging), and consist of resolvable/dereferenceable HTTP uniform resource identifiers (URIs; or more formally, IRI's). The *subjects* of most EML semantic annotations will likely be HTTP URI's that identify the dataset resource itself, or specific attributes or other features within a dataset. The *objects* of EML semantic annotations, as well as the *predicates* that relate the subject to the object, will most typically be HTTP URI references to terms in controlled vocabularies (also called "knowledge graphs", or "ontologies") accessible through the Web, so that users (or computers) can dereference the URI's and look up precise definitions and relationships of these resources to other terms [^testfootnote].

An example of a URI is "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000097", when entered into the address bar of a web browser, resolves to the term with a label of "desert area" in the Environment Ontology (EnvO). Users can learn what this URI indicates and explore how the term is related to other terms in the ontology simply by dereferencing its URI in a web browser. All those other aspects you see on the Web page describing "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000097" are from other RDF statements (triples) related to "ENVO_00000097", and that have been rendered into HTML. From here, you might decide, e.g. that "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENV0_00000172" ("sandy desert") is a better annotation for your object.

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**Resource Description Framework (RDF)**: A family of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendations that enable the encoding, exchange, and reuse of structured metadata. The RDF data model employs semantic triples composed of a subject, predicate, and object to share and integrate data across different applications and communities through the Web.

**uniform resource identifier (URI)**: A string of characters that unambiguously identifies a particular resource. For semantic annotations, the components of semantic triples are ideally HTTP URIs that resolve and describe precise definitions and relationships to other terms, using Web technology.


## Footnotes
[^testfootnote]: this might be a footnote about URIs

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