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updated faq to use a schema.org "predicate"
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mpsaloha committed Jul 11, 2019
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**Q:** Explain the difference between an URI and a URL. (context: sample URIs look a lot like a URL. What makes it a URI?)

**A:** The distinctions among URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers), URLs (Uniform Resource Locators), and URNs (Uniform Resource Names), relate to differentiating the functionalities of *identifying* a Resource, as opposed to *locating* a Resource, or doing both. URLs are all URIs (with some edge case exceptions subject to argument), and URNs are also URIs. In many cases, URIs serve both to name and locate a Resource. Within the vision of the Semantic Web, URIs are ideally unique, persistent URNs identifying some Web Resource, that can also serve to locate and retrieve (dereference) a representation of that Resource (URLs). The formal specification for these terms and what they mean is found in the IETF's RFC 3986, section 1.1.3 (<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-1.1.3>). Another acronym one may encounter with increasing frequency is IRI (Internationalized Resource Identifier) that simply extends the concept of a URI to include full Unicode character set, rather than just ASCII in its construction (<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3987>)
**A:** The distinctions among URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers), URLs (Uniform Resource Locators), and URNs (Uniform Resource Names), relate to differentiating the functionalities of *identifying* a Resource, as opposed to *locating* a Resource, or doing both. URLs are all URIs (with some edge case exceptions subject to argument), and URNs are also URIs. In many cases, URIs serve both to name and locate a Resource. Within the vision of the Semantic Web, URIs are ideally unique, persistent URNs identifying some Web Resource, that can also serve to locate and retrieve (dereference) a representation of that Resource (URLs). The formal specification for these terms and what they mean is found in the Internet Engineering Task Force's (IETF's) *Request for Comments* RFC 3986, section 1.1.3 (<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-1.1.3>). Another acronym one may encounter with increasing frequency is IRI (Internationalized Resource Identifier) that simply extends the concept of a URI to include full Unicode character set, rather than just ASCII in its construction (<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3987>)


**Q:** oveeview (“When are ID’s required in the EML”) - context: annotations
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*"World Wide Web"*(Subject) *"creator"*(Predicate) *"Timothy Berners Lee"*(Object) .

...although some semantic purists might question whether the Dublin Core property "Creator" can be used in this way as an RDF predicate, since it is not semantically defined-- would its rdfs:label be "creatorOf" or "hasCreator"?. Regardless of the formal semantic well-formedness of this Triple, however, one can see the expressive power of the RDF data model, and the value of dereferenceable URIs.
...although some semantic purists might question whether the Dublin Core property "Creator" can be used in this way as an RDF predicate, since it is not semantically defined-- would its rdfs:label be "creatorOf" or "hasCreator"?. Regardless of the formal semantic well-formedness of this Triple, however, one can see the expressive power of the RDF data model, and the value of dereferenceable URIs. Alternatively one could use a schema.org predicate as follows:

A better solution would be to use the semantically defined term from SIO (the Semantic Science Integrated Ontology) <http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000364> as the predicate, with an rdfs:label *"has creator"*
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C20461> <http://schema.org/creator> <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1279-3709> .

to similarly assert that

*"World Wide Web"*(Subject) *"creator"*(Predicate) *"Timothy Berners Lee"*(Object).

A better solution might be to use the more formally semantically defined term from SIO (the Semantic Science Integrated Ontology) <http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000364> as the predicate, with an rdfs:label *"has creator"*

<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C20461> <http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000364> <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1279-3709> .

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