session.go

// mgo - MongoDB driver for Go
//
// Copyright (c) 2010-2012 - Gustavo Niemeyer <gustavo@niemeyer.net>
//
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
//    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
//    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
//    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
// ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
// WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
// DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
// ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
// (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
// LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
// ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
// SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

package mgo

import (
	"crypto/md5"
	"crypto/tls"
	"crypto/x509"
	"crypto/x509/pkix"
	"encoding/asn1"
	"encoding/hex"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"net"
	"net/url"
	"reflect"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/globalsign/mgo/bson"
)

// Mode read preference mode. See Eventual, Monotonic and Strong for details
//
// Relevant documentation on read preference modes:
//
//     http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/read-preference/
//
type Mode int

const (
	// Primary mode is default mode. All operations read from the current replica set primary.
	Primary Mode = 2
	// PrimaryPreferred mode: read from the primary if available. Read from the secondary otherwise.
	PrimaryPreferred Mode = 3
	// Secondary mode:  read from one of the nearest secondary members of the replica set.
	Secondary Mode = 4
	// SecondaryPreferred mode: read from one of the nearest secondaries if available. Read from primary otherwise.
	SecondaryPreferred Mode = 5
	// Nearest mode: read from one of the nearest members, irrespective of it being primary or secondary.
	Nearest Mode = 6

	// Eventual mode is specific to mgo, and is same as Nearest, but may change servers between reads.
	Eventual Mode = 0
	// Monotonic mode is specifc to mgo, and is same as SecondaryPreferred before first write. Same as Primary after first write.
	Monotonic Mode = 1
	// Strong mode is specific to mgo, and is same as Primary.
	Strong Mode = 2

	// DefaultConnectionPoolLimit defines the default maximum number of
	// connections in the connection pool.
	//
	// To override this value set DialInfo.PoolLimit.
	DefaultConnectionPoolLimit = 4096

	zeroDuration = time.Duration(0)
)

// mgo.v3: Drop Strong mode, suffix all modes with "Mode".

// When changing the Session type, check if newSession and copySession
// need to be updated too.

// Session represents a communication session with the database.
//
// All Session methods are concurrency-safe and may be called from multiple
// goroutines. In all session modes but Eventual, using the session from
// multiple goroutines will cause them to share the same underlying socket.
// See the documentation on Session.SetMode for more details.
type Session struct {
	defaultdb        string
	sourcedb         string
	syncTimeout      time.Duration
	consistency      Mode
	creds            []Credential
	dialCred         *Credential
	safeOp           *queryOp
	mgoCluster       *mongoCluster
	slaveSocket      *mongoSocket
	masterSocket     *mongoSocket
	m                sync.RWMutex
	queryConfig      query
	bypassValidation bool
	slaveOk          bool

	dialInfo *DialInfo
}

// Database holds collections of documents
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//    https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/databases-and-collections/#databases
//
type Database struct {
	Session *Session
	Name    string
}

// Collection stores documents
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//    https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/databases-and-collections/#collections
//
type Collection struct {
	Database *Database
	Name     string // "collection"
	FullName string // "db.collection"
}

// Query keeps info on the query.
type Query struct {
	m       sync.Mutex
	session *Session
	query   // Enables default settings in session.
}

type query struct {
	op       queryOp
	prefetch float64
	limit    int32
}

type getLastError struct {
	CmdName  int         `bson:"getLastError,omitempty"`
	W        interface{} `bson:"w,omitempty"`
	WTimeout int         `bson:"wtimeout,omitempty"`
	FSync    bool        `bson:"fsync,omitempty"`
	J        bool        `bson:"j,omitempty"`
}

// Iter stores informations about a Cursor
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//    https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/iterate-a-cursor/
//
type Iter struct {
	m              sync.Mutex
	gotReply       sync.Cond
	session        *Session
	server         *mongoServer
	docData        queue
	err            error
	op             getMoreOp
	prefetch       float64
	docsToReceive  int
	docsBeforeMore int
	timeout        time.Duration
	limit          int32
	timedout       bool
	isFindCmd      bool
	isChangeStream bool
	maxTimeMS      int64
}

var (
	// ErrNotFound error returned when a document could not be found
	ErrNotFound = errors.New("not found")
	// ErrCursor error returned when trying to retrieve documents from
	// an invalid cursor
	ErrCursor = errors.New("invalid cursor")
)

const (
	defaultPrefetch  = 0.25
	maxUpsertRetries = 5
)

// Dial establishes a new session to the cluster identified by the given seed
// server(s). The session will enable communication with all of the servers in
// the cluster, so the seed servers are used only to find out about the cluster
// topology.
//
// Dial will timeout after 10 seconds if a server isn't reached. The returned
// session will timeout operations after one minute by default if servers aren't
// available. To customize the timeout, see DialWithTimeout, SetSyncTimeout, and
// DialInfo Read/WriteTimeout.
//
// This method is generally called just once for a given cluster.  Further
// sessions to the same cluster are then established using the New or Copy
// methods on the obtained session. This will make them share the underlying
// cluster, and manage the pool of connections appropriately.
//
// Once the session is not useful anymore, Close must be called to release the
// resources appropriately.
//
// The seed servers must be provided in the following format:
//
//     [mongodb://][user:pass@]host1[:port1][,host2[:port2],...][/database][?options]
//
// For example, it may be as simple as:
//
//     localhost
//
// Or more involved like:
//
//     mongodb://myuser:mypass@localhost:40001,otherhost:40001/mydb
//
// If the port number is not provided for a server, it defaults to 27017.
//
// The username and password provided in the URL will be used to authenticate
// into the database named after the slash at the end of the host names, or into
// the "admin" database if none is provided.  The authentication information
// will persist in sessions obtained through the New method as well.
//
// The following connection options are supported after the question mark:
//
//     connect=direct
//
//         Disables the automatic replica set server discovery logic, and
//         forces the use of servers provided only (even if secondaries).
//         Note that to talk to a secondary the consistency requirements
//         must be relaxed to Monotonic or Eventual via SetMode.
//
//
//     connect=replicaSet
//
//  	   Discover replica sets automatically. Default connection behavior.
//
//
//     replicaSet=<setname>
//
//         If specified will prevent the obtained session from communicating
//         with any server which is not part of a replica set with the given name.
//         The default is to communicate with any server specified or discovered
//         via the servers contacted.
//
//
//     authSource=<db>
//
//         Informs the database used to establish credentials and privileges
//         with a MongoDB server. Defaults to the database name provided via
//         the URL path, and "admin" if that's unset.
//
//
//     authMechanism=<mechanism>
//
//        Defines the protocol for credential negotiation. Defaults to "MONGODB-CR",
//        which is the default username/password challenge-response mechanism.
//
//
//     gssapiServiceName=<name>
//
//        Defines the service name to use when authenticating with the GSSAPI
//        mechanism. Defaults to "mongodb".
//
//
//     maxPoolSize=<limit>
//
//        Defines the per-server socket pool limit. Defaults to 4096.
//        See Session.SetPoolLimit for details.
//
//     minPoolSize=<limit>
//
//        Defines the per-server socket pool minium size. Defaults to 0.
//
//     maxIdleTimeMS=<millisecond>
//
//        The maximum number of milliseconds that a connection can remain idle in the pool
//        before being removed and closed. If maxIdleTimeMS is 0, connections will never be
//        closed due to inactivity.
//
//     appName=<appName>
//
//        The identifier of this client application. This parameter is used to
//        annotate logs / profiler output and cannot exceed 128 bytes.
//
//     ssl=<true|false>
//
//        true: Initiate the connection with TLS/SSL.
//        false: Initiate the connection without TLS/SSL.
//        The default value is false.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/connection-string/
//
func Dial(url string) (*Session, error) {
	session, err := DialWithTimeout(url, 10*time.Second)
	if err == nil {
		session.SetSyncTimeout(1 * time.Minute)
		session.SetSocketTimeout(1 * time.Minute)
	}
	return session, err
}

// DialWithTimeout works like Dial, but uses timeout as the amount of time to
// wait for a server to respond when first connecting and also on follow up
// operations in the session. If timeout is zero, the call may block
// forever waiting for a connection to be made.
//
// See SetSyncTimeout for customizing the timeout for the session.
func DialWithTimeout(url string, timeout time.Duration) (*Session, error) {
	info, err := ParseURL(url)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	info.Timeout = timeout
	return DialWithInfo(info)
}

// ParseURL parses a MongoDB URL as accepted by the Dial function and returns
// a value suitable for providing into DialWithInfo.
//
// See Dial for more details on the format of url.
func ParseURL(url string) (*DialInfo, error) {
	uinfo, err := extractURL(url)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	ssl := false
	direct := false
	mechanism := ""
	service := ""
	source := ""
	setName := ""
	poolLimit := 0
	appName := ""
	readPreferenceMode := Primary
	var readPreferenceTagSets []bson.D
	minPoolSize := 0
	maxIdleTimeMS := 0
	safe := Safe{}
	for _, opt := range uinfo.options {
		switch opt.key {
		case "ssl":
			if v, err := strconv.ParseBool(opt.value); err == nil && v {
				ssl = true
			}
		case "authSource":
			source = opt.value
		case "authMechanism":
			mechanism = opt.value
		case "gssapiServiceName":
			service = opt.value
		case "replicaSet":
			setName = opt.value
		case "w":
			safe.WMode = opt.value
		case "j":
			journal, err := strconv.ParseBool(opt.value)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, errors.New("bad value for j: " + opt.value)
			}
			safe.J = journal
		case "wtimeoutMS":
			timeout, err := strconv.Atoi(opt.value)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, errors.New("bad value for wtimeoutMS: " + opt.value)
			}
			if timeout < 0 {
				return nil, errors.New("bad value (negative) for wtimeoutMS: " + opt.value)
			}
			safe.WTimeout = timeout
		case "maxPoolSize":
			poolLimit, err = strconv.Atoi(opt.value)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, errors.New("bad value for maxPoolSize: " + opt.value)
			}
		case "appName":
			if len(opt.value) > 128 {
				return nil, errors.New("appName too long, must be < 128 bytes: " + opt.value)
			}
			appName = opt.value
		case "readPreference":
			switch opt.value {
			case "nearest":
				readPreferenceMode = Nearest
			case "primary":
				readPreferenceMode = Primary
			case "primaryPreferred":
				readPreferenceMode = PrimaryPreferred
			case "secondary":
				readPreferenceMode = Secondary
			case "secondaryPreferred":
				readPreferenceMode = SecondaryPreferred
			default:
				return nil, errors.New("bad value for readPreference: " + opt.value)
			}
		case "readPreferenceTags":
			tags := strings.Split(opt.value, ",")
			var doc bson.D
			for _, tag := range tags {
				kvp := strings.Split(tag, ":")
				if len(kvp) != 2 {
					return nil, errors.New("bad value for readPreferenceTags: " + opt.value)
				}
				doc = append(doc, bson.DocElem{Name: strings.TrimSpace(kvp[0]), Value: strings.TrimSpace(kvp[1])})
			}
			readPreferenceTagSets = append(readPreferenceTagSets, doc)
		case "minPoolSize":
			minPoolSize, err = strconv.Atoi(opt.value)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, errors.New("bad value for minPoolSize: " + opt.value)
			}
			if minPoolSize < 0 {
				return nil, errors.New("bad value (negative) for minPoolSize: " + opt.value)
			}
		case "maxIdleTimeMS":
			maxIdleTimeMS, err = strconv.Atoi(opt.value)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, errors.New("bad value for maxIdleTimeMS: " + opt.value)
			}
			if maxIdleTimeMS < 0 {
				return nil, errors.New("bad value (negative) for maxIdleTimeMS: " + opt.value)
			}
		case "connect":
			if opt.value == "direct" {
				direct = true
				break
			}
			if opt.value == "replicaSet" {
				break
			}
			fallthrough
		default:
			return nil, errors.New("unsupported connection URL option: " + opt.key + "=" + opt.value)
		}
	}

	if readPreferenceMode == Primary && len(readPreferenceTagSets) > 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("readPreferenceTagSet may not be specified when readPreference is primary")
	}

	info := DialInfo{
		Addrs:     uinfo.addrs,
		Direct:    direct,
		Database:  uinfo.db,
		Username:  uinfo.user,
		Password:  uinfo.pass,
		Mechanism: mechanism,
		Service:   service,
		Source:    source,
		PoolLimit: poolLimit,
		AppName:   appName,
		ReadPreference: &ReadPreference{
			Mode:    readPreferenceMode,
			TagSets: readPreferenceTagSets,
		},
		Safe:           safe,
		ReplicaSetName: setName,
		MinPoolSize:    minPoolSize,
		MaxIdleTimeMS:  maxIdleTimeMS,
	}
	if ssl && info.DialServer == nil {
		// Set DialServer only if nil, we don't want to override user's settings.
		info.DialServer = func(addr *ServerAddr) (net.Conn, error) {
			conn, err := tls.Dial("tcp", addr.String(), &tls.Config{})
			return conn, err
		}
	}
	return &info, nil
}

// DialInfo holds options for establishing a session with a MongoDB cluster.
// To use a URL, see the Dial function.
type DialInfo struct {
	// Addrs holds the addresses for the seed servers.
	Addrs []string

	// Timeout is the amount of time to wait for a server to respond when
	// first connecting and on follow up operations in the session. If
	// timeout is zero, the call may block forever waiting for a connection
	// to be established. Timeout does not affect logic in DialServer.
	Timeout time.Duration

	// Database is the default database name used when the Session.DB method
	// is called with an empty name, and is also used during the initial
	// authentication if Source is unset.
	Database string

	// ReplicaSetName, if specified, will prevent the obtained session from
	// communicating with any server which is not part of a replica set
	// with the given name. The default is to communicate with any server
	// specified or discovered via the servers contacted.
	ReplicaSetName string

	// Source is the database used to establish credentials and privileges
	// with a MongoDB server. Defaults to the value of Database, if that is
	// set, or "admin" otherwise.
	Source string

	// Service defines the service name to use when authenticating with the GSSAPI
	// mechanism. Defaults to "mongodb".
	Service string

	// ServiceHost defines which hostname to use when authenticating
	// with the GSSAPI mechanism. If not specified, defaults to the MongoDB
	// server's address.
	ServiceHost string

	// Mechanism defines the protocol for credential negotiation.
	// Defaults to "MONGODB-CR".
	Mechanism string

	// Username and Password inform the credentials for the initial authentication
	// done on the database defined by the Source field. See Session.Login.
	Username string
	Password string

	// PoolLimit defines the per-server socket pool limit. Defaults to
	// DefaultConnectionPoolLimit. See Session.SetPoolLimit for details.
	PoolLimit int

	// PoolTimeout defines max time to wait for a connection to become available
	// if the pool limit is reached. Defaults to zero, which means forever. See
	// Session.SetPoolTimeout for details
	PoolTimeout time.Duration

	// ReadTimeout defines the maximum duration to wait for a response to be
	// read from MongoDB.
	//
	// This effectively limits the maximum query execution time. If a MongoDB
	// query duration exceeds this timeout, the caller will receive a timeout,
	// however MongoDB will continue processing the query. This duration must be
	// large enough to allow MongoDB to execute the query, and the response be
	// received over the network connection.
	//
	// Only limits the network read - does not include unmarshalling /
	// processing of the response. Defaults to DialInfo.Timeout. If 0, no
	// timeout is set.
	ReadTimeout time.Duration

	// WriteTimeout defines the maximum duration of a write to MongoDB over the
	// network connection.
	//
	// This is can usually be low unless writing large documents, or over a high
	// latency link. Only limits network write time - does not include
	// marshalling/processing the request. Defaults to DialInfo.Timeout. If 0,
	// no timeout is set.
	WriteTimeout time.Duration

	// The identifier of the client application which ran the operation.
	AppName string

	// ReadPreference defines the manner in which servers are chosen. See
	// Session.SetMode and Session.SelectServers.
	ReadPreference *ReadPreference

	// Safe mostly defines write options, though there is RMode. See Session.SetSafe
	Safe Safe

	// FailFast will cause connection and query attempts to fail faster when
	// the server is unavailable, instead of retrying until the configured
	// timeout period. Note that an unavailable server may silently drop
	// packets instead of rejecting them, in which case it's impossible to
	// distinguish it from a slow server, so the timeout stays relevant.
	FailFast bool

	// Direct informs whether to establish connections only with the
	// specified seed servers, or to obtain information for the whole
	// cluster and establish connections with further servers too.
	Direct bool

	// MinPoolSize defines The minimum number of connections in the connection pool.
	// Defaults to 0.
	MinPoolSize int

	// The maximum number of milliseconds that a connection can remain idle in the pool
	// before being removed and closed.
	MaxIdleTimeMS int

	// DialServer optionally specifies the dial function for establishing
	// connections with the MongoDB servers.
	DialServer func(addr *ServerAddr) (net.Conn, error)

	// WARNING: This field is obsolete. See DialServer above.
	Dial func(addr net.Addr) (net.Conn, error)
}

// Copy returns a deep-copy of i.
func (i *DialInfo) Copy() *DialInfo {
	var readPreference *ReadPreference
	if i.ReadPreference != nil {
		readPreference = &ReadPreference{
			Mode: i.ReadPreference.Mode,
		}
		readPreference.TagSets = make([]bson.D, len(i.ReadPreference.TagSets))
		copy(readPreference.TagSets, i.ReadPreference.TagSets)
	}

	info := &DialInfo{
		Timeout:        i.Timeout,
		Database:       i.Database,
		ReplicaSetName: i.ReplicaSetName,
		Source:         i.Source,
		Service:        i.Service,
		ServiceHost:    i.ServiceHost,
		Mechanism:      i.Mechanism,
		Username:       i.Username,
		Password:       i.Password,
		PoolLimit:      i.PoolLimit,
		PoolTimeout:    i.PoolTimeout,
		ReadTimeout:    i.ReadTimeout,
		WriteTimeout:   i.WriteTimeout,
		AppName:        i.AppName,
		ReadPreference: readPreference,
		FailFast:       i.FailFast,
		Direct:         i.Direct,
		MinPoolSize:    i.MinPoolSize,
		MaxIdleTimeMS:  i.MaxIdleTimeMS,
		DialServer:     i.DialServer,
		Dial:           i.Dial,
	}

	info.Addrs = make([]string, len(i.Addrs))
	copy(info.Addrs, i.Addrs)

	return info
}

// readTimeout returns the configured read timeout, or i.Timeout if it's not set
func (i *DialInfo) readTimeout() time.Duration {
	if i.ReadTimeout == zeroDuration {
		return i.Timeout
	}
	return i.ReadTimeout
}

// writeTimeout returns the configured write timeout, or i.Timeout if it's not
// set
func (i *DialInfo) writeTimeout() time.Duration {
	if i.WriteTimeout == zeroDuration {
		return i.Timeout
	}
	return i.WriteTimeout
}

// roundTripTimeout returns the total time allocated for a single network read
// and write.
func (i *DialInfo) roundTripTimeout() time.Duration {
	return i.readTimeout() + i.writeTimeout()
}

// poolLimit returns the configured connection pool size, or
// DefaultConnectionPoolLimit.
func (i *DialInfo) poolLimit() int {
	if i.PoolLimit == 0 {
		return DefaultConnectionPoolLimit
	}
	return i.PoolLimit
}

// ReadPreference defines the manner in which servers are chosen.
type ReadPreference struct {
	// Mode determines the consistency of results. See Session.SetMode.
	Mode Mode

	// TagSets indicates which servers are allowed to be used. See Session.SelectServers.
	TagSets []bson.D
}

// mgo.v3: Drop DialInfo.Dial.

// ServerAddr represents the address for establishing a connection to an
// individual MongoDB server.
type ServerAddr struct {
	str string
	tcp *net.TCPAddr
}

// String returns the address that was provided for the server before resolution.
func (addr *ServerAddr) String() string {
	return addr.str
}

// TCPAddr returns the resolved TCP address for the server.
func (addr *ServerAddr) TCPAddr() *net.TCPAddr {
	return addr.tcp
}

// DialWithInfo establishes a new session to the cluster identified by info.
func DialWithInfo(dialInfo *DialInfo) (*Session, error) {
	info := dialInfo.Copy()
	info.PoolLimit = info.poolLimit()
	info.ReadTimeout = info.readTimeout()
	info.WriteTimeout = info.writeTimeout()

	addrs := make([]string, len(info.Addrs))
	for i, addr := range info.Addrs {
		p := strings.LastIndexAny(addr, "]:")
		if p == -1 || addr[p] != ':' {
			// XXX This is untested. The test suite doesn't use the standard port.
			addr += ":27017"
		}
		addrs[i] = addr
	}
	cluster := newCluster(addrs, info)
	session := newSession(Eventual, cluster, info)
	session.defaultdb = info.Database
	if session.defaultdb == "" {
		session.defaultdb = "test"
	}
	session.sourcedb = info.Source
	if session.sourcedb == "" {
		session.sourcedb = info.Database
		if session.sourcedb == "" {
			session.sourcedb = "admin"
		}
	}
	if info.Username != "" {
		source := session.sourcedb
		if info.Source == "" &&
			(info.Mechanism == "GSSAPI" || info.Mechanism == "PLAIN" || info.Mechanism == "MONGODB-X509") {
			source = "$external"
		}
		session.dialCred = &Credential{
			Username:    info.Username,
			Password:    info.Password,
			Mechanism:   info.Mechanism,
			Service:     info.Service,
			ServiceHost: info.ServiceHost,
			Source:      source,
		}
		session.creds = []Credential{*session.dialCred}
	}

	cluster.Release()

	// People get confused when we return a session that is not actually
	// established to any servers yet (e.g. what if url was wrong). So,
	// ping the server to ensure there's someone there, and abort if it
	// fails.
	if err := session.Ping(); err != nil {
		session.Close()
		return nil, err
	}

	session.SetSafe(&info.Safe)

	if info.ReadPreference != nil {
		session.SelectServers(info.ReadPreference.TagSets...)
		session.SetMode(info.ReadPreference.Mode, true)
	} else {
		session.SetMode(Strong, true)
	}

	session.dialInfo = info

	return session, nil
}

func isOptSep(c rune) bool {
	return c == ';' || c == '&'
}

type urlInfo struct {
	addrs   []string
	user    string
	pass    string
	db      string
	options []urlInfoOption
}

type urlInfoOption struct {
	key   string
	value string
}

func extractURL(s string) (*urlInfo, error) {
	s = strings.TrimPrefix(s, "mongodb://")
	info := &urlInfo{options: []urlInfoOption{}}

	if c := strings.Index(s, "?"); c != -1 {
		for _, pair := range strings.FieldsFunc(s[c+1:], isOptSep) {
			l := strings.SplitN(pair, "=", 2)
			if len(l) != 2 || l[0] == "" || l[1] == "" {
				return nil, errors.New("connection option must be key=value: " + pair)
			}
			info.options = append(info.options, urlInfoOption{key: l[0], value: l[1]})
		}
		s = s[:c]
	}
	if c := strings.Index(s, "@"); c != -1 {
		pair := strings.SplitN(s[:c], ":", 2)
		if len(pair) > 2 || pair[0] == "" {
			return nil, errors.New("credentials must be provided as user:pass@host")
		}
		var err error
		info.user, err = url.QueryUnescape(pair[0])
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot unescape username in URL: %q", pair[0])
		}
		if len(pair) > 1 {
			info.pass, err = url.QueryUnescape(pair[1])
			if err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot unescape password in URL")
			}
		}
		s = s[c+1:]
	}
	if c := strings.Index(s, "/"); c != -1 {
		info.db = s[c+1:]
		s = s[:c]
	}
	info.addrs = strings.Split(s, ",")
	return info, nil
}

func newSession(consistency Mode, cluster *mongoCluster, info *DialInfo) (session *Session) {
	cluster.Acquire()
	session = &Session{
		mgoCluster:  cluster,
		syncTimeout: info.Timeout,
		dialInfo:    info,
	}
	debugf("New session %p on cluster %p", session, cluster)
	session.SetMode(consistency, true)
	session.SetSafe(&Safe{})
	session.queryConfig.prefetch = defaultPrefetch
	return session
}

func copySession(session *Session, keepCreds bool) (s *Session) {
	cluster := session.cluster()
	cluster.Acquire()
	if session.masterSocket != nil {
		session.masterSocket.Acquire()
	}
	if session.slaveSocket != nil {
		session.slaveSocket.Acquire()
	}
	var creds []Credential
	if keepCreds {
		creds = make([]Credential, len(session.creds))
		copy(creds, session.creds)
	} else if session.dialCred != nil {
		creds = []Credential{*session.dialCred}
	}
	scopy := Session{
		defaultdb:        session.defaultdb,
		sourcedb:         session.sourcedb,
		syncTimeout:      session.syncTimeout,
		consistency:      session.consistency,
		creds:            creds,
		dialCred:         session.dialCred,
		safeOp:           session.safeOp,
		mgoCluster:       session.mgoCluster,
		slaveSocket:      session.slaveSocket,
		masterSocket:     session.masterSocket,
		m:                sync.RWMutex{},
		queryConfig:      session.queryConfig,
		bypassValidation: session.bypassValidation,
		slaveOk:          session.slaveOk,
		dialInfo:         session.dialInfo,
	}
	s = &scopy
	debugf("New session %p on cluster %p (copy from %p)", s, cluster, session)
	return s
}

// LiveServers returns a list of server addresses which are
// currently known to be alive.
func (s *Session) LiveServers() (addrs []string) {
	s.m.RLock()
	addrs = s.cluster().LiveServers()
	s.m.RUnlock()
	return addrs
}

// DB returns a value representing the named database. If name
// is empty, the database name provided in the dialed URL is
// used instead. If that is also empty, "test" is used as a
// fallback in a way equivalent to the mongo shell.
//
// Creating this value is a very lightweight operation, and
// involves no network communication.
func (s *Session) DB(name string) *Database {
	if name == "" {
		name = s.defaultdb
	}
	return &Database{s, name}
}

// C returns a value representing the named collection.
//
// Creating this value is a very lightweight operation, and
// involves no network communication.
func (db *Database) C(name string) *Collection {
	return &Collection{db, name, db.Name + "." + name}
}

// CreateView creates a view as the result of the applying the specified
// aggregation pipeline to the source collection or view. Views act as
// read-only collections, and are computed on demand during read operations.
// MongoDB executes read operations on views as part of the underlying aggregation pipeline.
//
// For example:
//
//     db := session.DB("mydb")
//     db.CreateView("myview", "mycoll", []bson.M{{"$match": bson.M{"c": 1}}}, nil)
//     view := db.C("myview")
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/views/
//     https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.createView/
//
func (db *Database) CreateView(view string, source string, pipeline interface{}, collation *Collation) error {
	command := bson.D{{Name: "create", Value: view}, {Name: "viewOn", Value: source}, {Name: "pipeline", Value: pipeline}}
	if collation != nil {
		command = append(command, bson.DocElem{Name: "collation", Value: collation})
	}
	return db.Run(command, nil)
}

// With returns a copy of db that uses session s.
func (db *Database) With(s *Session) *Database {
	newdb := *db
	newdb.Session = s
	return &newdb
}

// With returns a copy of c that uses session s.
func (c *Collection) With(s *Session) *Collection {
	newdb := *c.Database
	newdb.Session = s
	newc := *c
	newc.Database = &newdb
	return &newc
}

// GridFS returns a GridFS value representing collections in db that
// follow the standard GridFS specification.
// The provided prefix (sometimes known as root) will determine which
// collections to use, and is usually set to "fs" when there is a
// single GridFS in the database.
//
// See the GridFS Create, Open, and OpenId methods for more details.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/GridFS
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/GridFS+Tools
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/GridFS+Specification
//
func (db *Database) GridFS(prefix string) *GridFS {
	return newGridFS(db, prefix)
}

// Run issues the provided command on the db database and unmarshals
// its result in the respective argument. The cmd argument may be either
// a string with the command name itself, in which case an empty document of
// the form bson.M{cmd: 1} will be used, or it may be a full command document.
//
// Note that MongoDB considers the first marshalled key as the command
// name, so when providing a command with options, it's important to
// use an ordering-preserving document, such as a struct value or an
// instance of bson.D.  For instance:
//
//     db.Run(bson.D{{"create", "mycollection"}, {"size", 1024}})
//
// For privilleged commands typically run on the "admin" database, see
// the Run method in the Session type.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Commands
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/List+of+Database+CommandSkips
//
func (db *Database) Run(cmd interface{}, result interface{}) error {
	socket, err := db.Session.acquireSocket(true)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer socket.Release()

	// This is an optimized form of db.C("$cmd").Find(cmd).One(result).
	return db.run(socket, cmd, result)
}

// runOnSocket does the same as Run, but guarantees that your command will be run
// on the provided socket instance; if it's unhealthy, you will receive the error
// from it.
func (db *Database) runOnSocket(socket *mongoSocket, cmd interface{}, result interface{}) error {
	socket.Acquire()
	defer socket.Release()
	return db.run(socket, cmd, result)
}

// Credential holds details to authenticate with a MongoDB server.
type Credential struct {
	// Username and Password hold the basic details for authentication.
	// Password is optional with some authentication mechanisms.
	Username string
	Password string

	// Source is the database used to establish credentials and privileges
	// with a MongoDB server. Defaults to the default database provided
	// during dial, or "admin" if that was unset.
	Source string

	// Service defines the service name to use when authenticating with the GSSAPI
	// mechanism. Defaults to "mongodb".
	Service string

	// ServiceHost defines which hostname to use when authenticating
	// with the GSSAPI mechanism. If not specified, defaults to the MongoDB
	// server's address.
	ServiceHost string

	// Mechanism defines the protocol for credential negotiation.
	// Defaults to "MONGODB-CR".
	Mechanism string

	// Certificate sets the x509 certificate for authentication, see:
	//
	//      https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/configure-x509-client-authentication/
	//
	// If using certificate authentication the Username, Mechanism and Source
	// fields should not be set.
	Certificate *x509.Certificate
}

// Login authenticates with MongoDB using the provided credential.  The
// authentication is valid for the whole session and will stay valid until
// Logout is explicitly called for the same database, or the session is
// closed.
func (db *Database) Login(user, pass string) error {
	return db.Session.Login(&Credential{Username: user, Password: pass, Source: db.Name})
}

// Login authenticates with MongoDB using the provided credential.  The
// authentication is valid for the whole session and will stay valid until
// Logout is explicitly called for the same database, or the session is
// closed.
func (s *Session) Login(cred *Credential) error {
	socket, err := s.acquireSocket(true)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer socket.Release()

	credCopy := *cred
	if cred.Certificate != nil && cred.Username != "" {
		return errors.New("failed to login, both certificate and credentials are given")
	}

	if cred.Certificate != nil {
		credCopy.Username, err = getRFC2253NameStringFromCert(cred.Certificate)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		credCopy.Mechanism = "MONGODB-X509"
		credCopy.Source = "$external"
	}

	if cred.Source == "" {
		if cred.Mechanism == "GSSAPI" {
			credCopy.Source = "$external"
		} else {
			credCopy.Source = s.sourcedb
		}
	}
	err = socket.Login(credCopy)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	s.m.Lock()
	s.creds = append(s.creds, credCopy)
	s.m.Unlock()
	return nil
}

func (s *Session) socketLogin(socket *mongoSocket) error {
	for _, cred := range s.creds {
		if err := socket.Login(cred); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// Logout removes any established authentication credentials for the database.
func (db *Database) Logout() {
	session := db.Session
	dbname := db.Name
	session.m.Lock()
	found := false
	for i, cred := range session.creds {
		if cred.Source == dbname {
			copy(session.creds[i:], session.creds[i+1:])
			session.creds = session.creds[:len(session.creds)-1]
			found = true
			break
		}
	}
	if found {
		if session.masterSocket != nil {
			session.masterSocket.Logout(dbname)
		}
		if session.slaveSocket != nil {
			session.slaveSocket.Logout(dbname)
		}
	}
	session.m.Unlock()
}

// LogoutAll removes all established authentication credentials for the session.
func (s *Session) LogoutAll() {
	s.m.Lock()
	for _, cred := range s.creds {
		if s.masterSocket != nil {
			s.masterSocket.Logout(cred.Source)
		}
		if s.slaveSocket != nil {
			s.slaveSocket.Logout(cred.Source)
		}
	}
	s.creds = s.creds[0:0]
	s.m.Unlock()
}

// User represents a MongoDB user.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/privilege-documents/
//     http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/user-privileges/
//
type User struct {
	// Username is how the user identifies itself to the system.
	Username string `bson:"user"`

	// Password is the plaintext password for the user. If set,
	// the UpsertUser method will hash it into PasswordHash and
	// unset it before the user is added to the database.
	Password string `bson:",omitempty"`

	// PasswordHash is the MD5 hash of Username+":mongo:"+Password.
	PasswordHash string `bson:"pwd,omitempty"`

	// CustomData holds arbitrary data admins decide to associate
	// with this user, such as the full name or employee id.
	CustomData interface{} `bson:"customData,omitempty"`

	// Roles indicates the set of roles the user will be provided.
	// See the Role constants.
	Roles []Role `bson:"roles"`

	// OtherDBRoles allows assigning roles in other databases from
	// user documents inserted in the admin database. This field
	// only works in the admin database.
	OtherDBRoles map[string][]Role `bson:"otherDBRoles,omitempty"`

	// UserSource indicates where to look for this user's credentials.
	// It may be set to a database name, or to "$external" for
	// consulting an external resource such as Kerberos. UserSource
	// must not be set if Password or PasswordHash are present.
	//
	// WARNING: This setting was only ever supported in MongoDB 2.4,
	// and is now obsolete.
	UserSource string `bson:"userSource,omitempty"`
}

// Role available role for users
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/user-privileges/
//
type Role string

const (
	// RoleRoot provides access to the operations and all the resources
	// of the readWriteAnyDatabase, dbAdminAnyDatabase, userAdminAnyDatabase,
	// clusterAdmin roles, restore, and backup roles combined.
	RoleRoot Role = "root"
	// RoleRead provides the ability to read data on all non-system collections
	// and on the following system collections: system.indexes, system.js, and
	// system.namespaces collections on a specific database.
	RoleRead Role = "read"
	// RoleReadAny provides the same read-only permissions as read, except it
	// applies to it applies to all but the local and config databases in the cluster.
	// The role also provides the listDatabases action on the cluster as a whole.
	RoleReadAny Role = "readAnyDatabase"
	//RoleReadWrite provides all the privileges of the read role plus ability to modify data on
	//all non-system collections and the system.js collection on a specific database.
	RoleReadWrite Role = "readWrite"
	// RoleReadWriteAny provides the same read and write permissions as readWrite, except it
	// applies to all but the local and config databases in the cluster. The role also provides
	// the listDatabases action on the cluster as a whole.
	RoleReadWriteAny Role = "readWriteAnyDatabase"
	// RoleDBAdmin provides all the privileges of the dbAdmin role on a specific database
	RoleDBAdmin Role = "dbAdmin"
	// RoleDBAdminAny provides all the privileges of the dbAdmin role on all databases
	RoleDBAdminAny Role = "dbAdminAnyDatabase"
	// RoleUserAdmin Provides the ability to create and modify roles and users on the
	// current database. This role also indirectly provides superuser access to either
	// the database or, if scoped to the admin database, the cluster. The userAdmin role
	// allows users to grant any user any privilege, including themselves.
	RoleUserAdmin Role = "userAdmin"
	// RoleUserAdminAny provides the same access to user administration operations as userAdmin,
	// except it applies to all but the local and config databases in the cluster
	RoleUserAdminAny Role = "userAdminAnyDatabase"
	// RoleClusterAdmin Provides the greatest cluster-management access. This role combines
	// the privileges granted by the clusterManager, clusterMonitor, and hostManager roles.
	// Additionally, the role provides the dropDatabase action.
	RoleClusterAdmin Role = "clusterAdmin"
	// TODO some roles are missing: dbOwner/clusterManager/clusterMonitor/hostManager/backup/restore
)

// UpsertUser updates the authentication credentials and the roles for
// a MongoDB user within the db database. If the named user doesn't exist
// it will be created.
//
// This method should only be used from MongoDB 2.4 and on. For older
// MongoDB releases, use the obsolete AddUser method instead.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/user-privileges/
//     http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/privilege-documents/
//
func (db *Database) UpsertUser(user *User) error {
	if user.Username == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("user has no Username")
	}
	if (user.Password != "" || user.PasswordHash != "") && user.UserSource != "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("user has both Password/PasswordHash and UserSource set")
	}
	if len(user.OtherDBRoles) > 0 && db.Name != "admin" && db.Name != "$external" {
		return fmt.Errorf("user with OtherDBRoles is only supported in the admin or $external databases")
	}

	// Attempt to run this using 2.6+ commands.
	rundb := db
	if user.UserSource != "" {
		// Compatibility logic for the userSource field of MongoDB <= 2.4.X
		rundb = db.Session.DB(user.UserSource)
	}
	err := rundb.runUserCmd("updateUser", user)
	// retry with createUser when isAuthError in order to enable the "localhost exception"
	if isNotFound(err) || isAuthError(err) {
		return rundb.runUserCmd("createUser", user)
	}
	if !isNoCmd(err) {
		return err
	}

	// Command does not exist. Fallback to pre-2.6 behavior.
	var set, unset bson.D
	if user.Password != "" {
		psum := md5.New()
		psum.Write([]byte(user.Username + ":mongo:" + user.Password))
		set = append(set, bson.DocElem{Name: "pwd", Value: hex.EncodeToString(psum.Sum(nil))})
		unset = append(unset, bson.DocElem{Name: "userSource", Value: 1})
	} else if user.PasswordHash != "" {
		set = append(set, bson.DocElem{Name: "pwd", Value: user.PasswordHash})
		unset = append(unset, bson.DocElem{Name: "userSource", Value: 1})
	}
	if user.UserSource != "" {
		set = append(set, bson.DocElem{Name: "userSource", Value: user.UserSource})
		unset = append(unset, bson.DocElem{Name: "pwd", Value: 1})
	}
	if user.Roles != nil || user.OtherDBRoles != nil {
		set = append(set, bson.DocElem{Name: "roles", Value: user.Roles})
		if len(user.OtherDBRoles) > 0 {
			set = append(set, bson.DocElem{Name: "otherDBRoles", Value: user.OtherDBRoles})
		} else {
			unset = append(unset, bson.DocElem{Name: "otherDBRoles", Value: 1})
		}
	}
	users := db.C("system.users")
	err = users.Update(bson.D{{Name: "user", Value: user.Username}}, bson.D{{Name: "$unset", Value: unset}, {Name: "$set", Value: set}})
	if err == ErrNotFound {
		set = append(set, bson.DocElem{Name: "user", Value: user.Username})
		if user.Roles == nil && user.OtherDBRoles == nil {
			// Roles must be sent, as it's the way MongoDB distinguishes
			// old-style documents from new-style documents in pre-2.6.
			set = append(set, bson.DocElem{Name: "roles", Value: user.Roles})
		}
		err = users.Insert(set)
	}
	return err
}

func isNoCmd(err error) bool {
	e, ok := err.(*QueryError)
	return ok && (e.Code == 59 || e.Code == 13390 || strings.HasPrefix(e.Message, "no such cmd:"))
}

func isNotFound(err error) bool {
	e, ok := err.(*QueryError)
	return ok && e.Code == 11
}

func isAuthError(err error) bool {
	e, ok := err.(*QueryError)
	return ok && e.Code == 13
}

func isNotMasterError(err error) bool {
	e, ok := err.(*QueryError)
	return ok && strings.Contains(e.Message, "not master")
}

func (db *Database) runUserCmd(cmdName string, user *User) error {
	cmd := make(bson.D, 0, 16)
	cmd = append(cmd, bson.DocElem{Name: cmdName, Value: user.Username})
	if user.Password != "" {
		cmd = append(cmd, bson.DocElem{Name: "pwd", Value: user.Password})
	}
	var roles []interface{}
	for _, role := range user.Roles {
		roles = append(roles, role)
	}
	for db, dbroles := range user.OtherDBRoles {
		for _, role := range dbroles {
			roles = append(roles, bson.D{{Name: "role", Value: role}, {Name: "db", Value: db}})
		}
	}
	if roles != nil || user.Roles != nil || cmdName == "createUser" {
		cmd = append(cmd, bson.DocElem{Name: "roles", Value: roles})
	}
	err := db.Run(cmd, nil)
	if !isNoCmd(err) && user.UserSource != "" && (user.UserSource != "$external" || db.Name != "$external") {
		return fmt.Errorf("MongoDB 2.6+ does not support the UserSource setting")
	}
	return err
}

// AddUser creates or updates the authentication credentials of user within
// the db database.
//
// WARNING: This method is obsolete and should only be used with MongoDB 2.2
// or earlier. For MongoDB 2.4 and on, use UpsertUser instead.
func (db *Database) AddUser(username, password string, readOnly bool) error {
	// Try to emulate the old behavior on 2.6+
	user := &User{Username: username, Password: password}
	if db.Name == "admin" {
		if readOnly {
			user.Roles = []Role{RoleReadAny}
		} else {
			user.Roles = []Role{RoleReadWriteAny}
		}
	} else {
		if readOnly {
			user.Roles = []Role{RoleRead}
		} else {
			user.Roles = []Role{RoleReadWrite}
		}
	}
	err := db.runUserCmd("updateUser", user)
	if isNotFound(err) {
		return db.runUserCmd("createUser", user)
	}
	if !isNoCmd(err) {
		return err
	}

	// Command doesn't exist. Fallback to pre-2.6 behavior.
	psum := md5.New()
	psum.Write([]byte(username + ":mongo:" + password))
	digest := hex.EncodeToString(psum.Sum(nil))
	c := db.C("system.users")
	_, err = c.Upsert(bson.M{"user": username}, bson.M{"$set": bson.M{"user": username, "pwd": digest, "readOnly": readOnly}})
	return err
}

// RemoveUser removes the authentication credentials of user from the database.
func (db *Database) RemoveUser(user string) error {
	err := db.Run(bson.D{{Name: "dropUser", Value: user}}, nil)
	if isNoCmd(err) {
		users := db.C("system.users")
		return users.Remove(bson.M{"user": user})
	}
	if isNotFound(err) {
		return ErrNotFound
	}
	return err
}

type indexSpec struct {
	Name, NS                string
	Key                     bson.D
	Unique                  bool    `bson:",omitempty"`
	DropDups                bool    `bson:"dropDups,omitempty"`
	Background              bool    `bson:",omitempty"`
	Sparse                  bool    `bson:",omitempty"`
	Bits                    int     `bson:",omitempty"`
	Min, Max                float64 `bson:",omitempty"`
	BucketSize              float64 `bson:"bucketSize,omitempty"`
	ExpireAfter             int     `bson:"expireAfterSeconds,omitempty"`
	Weights                 bson.D  `bson:",omitempty"`
	DefaultLanguage         string  `bson:"default_language,omitempty"`
	LanguageOverride        string  `bson:"language_override,omitempty"`
	TextIndexVersion        int     `bson:"textIndexVersion,omitempty"`
	PartialFilterExpression bson.M  `bson:"partialFilterExpression,omitempty"`

	Collation *Collation `bson:"collation,omitempty"`
}

// Index are special data structures that store a small portion of the collection’s
// data set in an easy to traverse form. The index stores the value of a specific
// field or set of fields, ordered by the value of the field. The ordering of the
// index entries supports efficient equality matches and range-based query operations.
// In addition, MongoDB can return sorted results by using the ordering in the index.
type Index struct {
	Key           []string // Index key fields; prefix name with dash (-) for descending order
	Unique        bool     // Prevent two documents from having the same index key
	DropDups      bool     // Drop documents with the same index key as a previously indexed one
	Background    bool     // Build index in background and return immediately
	Sparse        bool     // Only index documents containing the Key fields
	PartialFilter bson.M   // Partial index filter expression

	// If ExpireAfter is defined the server will periodically delete
	// documents with indexed time.Time older than the provided delta.
	ExpireAfter time.Duration

	// Name holds the stored index name. On creation if this field is unset it is
	// computed by EnsureIndex based on the index key.
	Name string

	// Properties for spatial indexes.
	//
	// Min and Max were improperly typed as int when they should have been
	// floats.  To preserve backwards compatibility they are still typed as
	// int and the following two fields enable reading and writing the same
	// fields as float numbers. In mgo.v3, these fields will be dropped and
	// Min/Max will become floats.
	Min, Max   int
	Minf, Maxf float64
	BucketSize float64
	Bits       int

	// Properties for text indexes.
	DefaultLanguage  string
	LanguageOverride string

	// Weights defines the significance of provided fields relative to other
	// fields in a text index. The score for a given word in a document is derived
	// from the weighted sum of the frequency for each of the indexed fields in
	// that document. The default field weight is 1.
	Weights map[string]int

	// Collation defines the collation to use for the index.
	Collation *Collation
}

// Collation allows users to specify language-specific rules for string comparison,
// such as rules for lettercase and accent marks.
type Collation struct {
	// Locale defines the collation locale.
	Locale string `bson:"locale"`

	// CaseFirst may be set to "upper" or "lower" to define whether
	// to have uppercase or lowercase items first. Default is "off".
	CaseFirst string `bson:"caseFirst,omitempty"`

	// Strength defines the priority of comparison properties, as follows:
	//
	//   1 (primary)    - Strongest level, denote difference between base characters
	//   2 (secondary)  - Accents in characters are considered secondary differences
	//   3 (tertiary)   - Upper and lower case differences in characters are
	//                    distinguished at the tertiary level
	//   4 (quaternary) - When punctuation is ignored at level 1-3, an additional
	//                    level can be used to distinguish words with and without
	//                    punctuation. Should only be used if ignoring punctuation
	//                    is required or when processing Japanese text.
	//   5 (identical)  - When all other levels are equal, the identical level is
	//                    used as a tiebreaker. The Unicode code point values of
	//                    the NFD form of each string are compared at this level,
	//                    just in case there is no difference at levels 1-4
	//
	// Strength defaults to 3.
	Strength int `bson:"strength,omitempty"`

	// Alternate controls whether spaces and punctuation are considered base characters.
	// May be set to "non-ignorable" (spaces and punctuation considered base characters)
	// or "shifted" (spaces and punctuation not considered base characters, and only
	// distinguished at strength > 3). Defaults to "non-ignorable".
	Alternate string `bson:"alternate,omitempty"`

	// MaxVariable defines which characters are affected when the value for Alternate is
	// "shifted". It may be set to "punct" to affect punctuation or spaces, or "space" to
	// affect only spaces.
	MaxVariable string `bson:"maxVariable,omitempty"`

	// Normalization defines whether text is normalized into Unicode NFD.
	Normalization bool `bson:"normalization,omitempty"`

	// CaseLevel defines whether to turn case sensitivity on at strength 1 or 2.
	CaseLevel bool `bson:"caseLevel,omitempty"`

	// NumericOrdering defines whether to order numbers based on numerical
	// order and not collation order.
	NumericOrdering bool `bson:"numericOrdering,omitempty"`

	// Backwards defines whether to have secondary differences considered in reverse order,
	// as done in the French language.
	Backwards bool `bson:"backwards,omitempty"`
}

// mgo.v3: Drop Minf and Maxf and transform Min and Max to floats.
// mgo.v3: Drop DropDups as it's unsupported past 2.8.

type indexKeyInfo struct {
	name    string
	key     bson.D
	weights bson.D
}

func parseIndexKey(key []string) (*indexKeyInfo, error) {
	var keyInfo indexKeyInfo
	isText := false
	var order interface{}
	for _, field := range key {
		raw := field
		if keyInfo.name != "" {
			keyInfo.name += "_"
		}
		var kind string
		if field != "" {
			if field[0] == '$' {
				if c := strings.Index(field, ":"); c > 1 && c < len(field)-1 {
					kind = field[1:c]
					field = field[c+1:]
					keyInfo.name += field + "_" + kind
				} else {
					field = "\x00"
				}
			}
			switch field[0] {
			case 0:
				// Logic above failed. Reset and error.
				field = ""
			case '@':
				order = "2d"
				field = field[1:]
				// The shell used to render this field as key_ instead of key_2d,
				// and mgo followed suit. This has been fixed in recent server
				// releases, and mgo followed as well.
				keyInfo.name += field + "_2d"
			case '-':
				order = -1
				field = field[1:]
				keyInfo.name += field + "_-1"
			case '+':
				field = field[1:]
				fallthrough
			default:
				if kind == "" {
					order = 1
					keyInfo.name += field + "_1"
				} else {
					order = kind
				}
			}
		}
		if field == "" || kind != "" && order != kind {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf(`invalid index key: want "[$<kind>:][-]<field name>", got %q`, raw)
		}
		if kind == "text" {
			if !isText {
				keyInfo.key = append(keyInfo.key, bson.DocElem{Name: "_fts", Value: "text"}, bson.DocElem{Name: "_ftsx", Value: 1})
				isText = true
			}
			keyInfo.weights = append(keyInfo.weights, bson.DocElem{Name: field, Value: 1})
		} else {
			keyInfo.key = append(keyInfo.key, bson.DocElem{Name: field, Value: order})
		}
	}
	if keyInfo.name == "" {
		return nil, errors.New("invalid index key: no fields provided")
	}
	return &keyInfo, nil
}

// EnsureIndexKey ensures an index with the given key exists, creating it
// if necessary.
//
// This example:
//
//     err := collection.EnsureIndexKey("a", "b")
//
// Is equivalent to:
//
//     err := collection.EnsureIndex(mgo.Index{Key: []string{"a", "b"}})
//
// See the EnsureIndex method for more details.
func (c *Collection) EnsureIndexKey(key ...string) error {
	return c.EnsureIndex(Index{Key: key})
}

// EnsureIndex ensures an index with the given key exists, creating it with
// the provided parameters if necessary. EnsureIndex does not modify a previously
// existent index with a matching key. The old index must be dropped first instead.
//
// Once EnsureIndex returns successfully, following requests for the same index
// will not contact the server unless Collection.DropIndex is used to drop the
// same index, or Session.ResetIndexCache is called.
//
// For example:
//
//     index := Index{
//         Key: []string{"lastname", "firstname"},
//         Unique: true,
//         DropDups: true,
//         Background: true, // See notes.
//         Sparse: true,
//     }
//     err := collection.EnsureIndex(index)
//
// The Key value determines which fields compose the index. The index ordering
// will be ascending by default.  To obtain an index with a descending order,
// the field name should be prefixed by a dash (e.g. []string{"-time"}). It can
// also be optionally prefixed by an index kind, as in "$text:summary" or
// "$2d:-point". The key string format is:
//
//     [$<kind>:][-]<field name>
//
// If the Unique field is true, the index must necessarily contain only a single
// document per Key.  With DropDups set to true, documents with the same key
// as a previously indexed one will be dropped rather than an error returned.
//
// If Background is true, other connections will be allowed to proceed using
// the collection without the index while it's being built. Note that the
// session executing EnsureIndex will be blocked for as long as it takes for
// the index to be built.
//
// If Sparse is true, only documents containing the provided Key fields will be
// included in the index.  When using a sparse index for sorting, only indexed
// documents will be returned.
//
// If ExpireAfter is non-zero, the server will periodically scan the collection
// and remove documents containing an indexed time.Time field with a value
// older than ExpireAfter. See the documentation for details:
//
//     http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/tutorial/expire-data
//
// Other kinds of indexes are also supported through that API. Here is an example:
//
//     index := Index{
//         Key: []string{"$2d:loc"},
//         Bits: 26,
//     }
//     err := collection.EnsureIndex(index)
//
// The example above requests the creation of a "2d" index for the "loc" field.
//
// The 2D index bounds may be changed using the Min and Max attributes of the
// Index value.  The default bound setting of (-180, 180) is suitable for
// latitude/longitude pairs.
//
// The Bits parameter sets the precision of the 2D geohash values.  If not
// provided, 26 bits are used, which is roughly equivalent to 1 foot of
// precision for the default (-180, 180) index bounds.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Indexes
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Indexing+Advice+and+FAQ
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Indexing+as+a+Background+Operation
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Geospatial+Indexing
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Multikeys
//
func (c *Collection) EnsureIndex(index Index) error {
	if index.Sparse && index.PartialFilter != nil {
		return errors.New("cannot mix sparse and partial indexes")
	}

	keyInfo, err := parseIndexKey(index.Key)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	session := c.Database.Session
	cacheKey := c.FullName + "\x00" + keyInfo.name
	if session.cluster().HasCachedIndex(cacheKey) {
		return nil
	}

	spec := indexSpec{
		Name:                    keyInfo.name,
		NS:                      c.FullName,
		Key:                     keyInfo.key,
		Unique:                  index.Unique,
		DropDups:                index.DropDups,
		Background:              index.Background,
		Sparse:                  index.Sparse,
		Bits:                    index.Bits,
		Min:                     index.Minf,
		Max:                     index.Maxf,
		BucketSize:              index.BucketSize,
		ExpireAfter:             int(index.ExpireAfter / time.Second),
		Weights:                 keyInfo.weights,
		DefaultLanguage:         index.DefaultLanguage,
		LanguageOverride:        index.LanguageOverride,
		Collation:               index.Collation,
		PartialFilterExpression: index.PartialFilter,
	}

	if spec.Min == 0 && spec.Max == 0 {
		spec.Min = float64(index.Min)
		spec.Max = float64(index.Max)
	}

	if index.Name != "" {
		spec.Name = index.Name
	}

NextField:
	for name, weight := range index.Weights {
		for i, elem := range spec.Weights {
			if elem.Name == name {
				spec.Weights[i].Value = weight
				continue NextField
			}
		}
		panic("weight provided for field that is not part of index key: " + name)
	}

	cloned := session.Clone()
	defer cloned.Close()
	cloned.SetMode(Strong, false)
	cloned.EnsureSafe(&Safe{})
	db := c.Database.With(cloned)

	// Try with a command first.
	err = db.Run(bson.D{{Name: "createIndexes", Value: c.Name}, {Name: "indexes", Value: []indexSpec{spec}}}, nil)
	if isNoCmd(err) {
		// Command not yet supported. Insert into the indexes collection instead.
		err = db.C("system.indexes").Insert(&spec)
	}
	if err == nil {
		session.cluster().CacheIndex(cacheKey, true)
	}
	return err
}

// DropIndex drops the index with the provided key from the c collection.
//
// See EnsureIndex for details on the accepted key variants.
//
// For example:
//
//     err1 := collection.DropIndex("firstField", "-secondField")
//     err2 := collection.DropIndex("customIndexName")
//
func (c *Collection) DropIndex(key ...string) error {
	keyInfo, err := parseIndexKey(key)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	session := c.Database.Session
	cacheKey := c.FullName + "\x00" + keyInfo.name
	session.cluster().CacheIndex(cacheKey, false)

	session = session.Clone()
	defer session.Close()
	session.SetMode(Strong, false)

	db := c.Database.With(session)
	result := struct {
		ErrMsg string
		Ok     bool
	}{}
	err = db.Run(bson.D{{Name: "dropIndexes", Value: c.Name}, {Name: "index", Value: keyInfo.name}}, &result)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if !result.Ok {
		return errors.New(result.ErrMsg)
	}
	return nil
}

// DropIndexName removes the index with the provided index name.
//
// For example:
//
//     err := collection.DropIndex("customIndexName")
//
func (c *Collection) DropIndexName(name string) error {
	session := c.Database.Session

	session = session.Clone()
	defer session.Close()
	session.SetMode(Strong, false)

	c = c.With(session)

	indexes, err := c.Indexes()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	var index Index
	for _, idx := range indexes {
		if idx.Name == name {
			index = idx
			break
		}
	}

	if index.Name != "" {
		keyInfo, err := parseIndexKey(index.Key)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		cacheKey := c.FullName + "\x00" + keyInfo.name
		session.cluster().CacheIndex(cacheKey, false)
	}

	result := struct {
		ErrMsg string
		Ok     bool
	}{}
	err = c.Database.Run(bson.D{{Name: "dropIndexes", Value: c.Name}, {Name: "index", Value: name}}, &result)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if !result.Ok {
		return errors.New(result.ErrMsg)
	}
	return nil
}

// DropAllIndexes drops all the indexes from the c collection
func (c *Collection) DropAllIndexes() error {
	session := c.Database.Session
	session.ResetIndexCache()

	session = session.Clone()
	defer session.Close()

	db := c.Database.With(session)
	result := struct {
		ErrMsg string
		Ok     bool
	}{}
	err := db.Run(bson.D{{Name: "dropIndexes", Value: c.Name}, {Name: "index", Value: "*"}}, &result)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if !result.Ok {
		return errors.New(result.ErrMsg)
	}
	return nil
}

// nonEventual returns a clone of session and ensures it is not Eventual.
// This guarantees that the server that is used for queries may be reused
// afterwards when a cursor is received.
func (s *Session) nonEventual() *Session {
	cloned := s.Clone()
	if cloned.consistency == Eventual {
		cloned.SetMode(Monotonic, false)
	}
	return cloned
}

// Indexes returns a list of all indexes for the collection.
//
// See the EnsureIndex method for more details on indexes.
func (c *Collection) Indexes() (indexes []Index, err error) {
	cloned := c.Database.Session.nonEventual()
	defer cloned.Close()

	batchSize := int(cloned.queryConfig.op.limit)

	// Try with a command.
	var result struct {
		Indexes []bson.Raw
		Cursor  cursorData
	}
	var iter *Iter
	err = c.Database.With(cloned).Run(bson.D{{Name: "listIndexes", Value: c.Name}, {Name: "cursor", Value: bson.D{{Name: "batchSize", Value: batchSize}}}}, &result)
	if err == nil {
		firstBatch := result.Indexes
		if firstBatch == nil {
			firstBatch = result.Cursor.FirstBatch
		}
		ns := strings.SplitN(result.Cursor.NS, ".", 2)
		if len(ns) < 2 {
			iter = c.With(cloned).NewIter(nil, firstBatch, result.Cursor.Id, nil)
		} else {
			iter = cloned.DB(ns[0]).C(ns[1]).NewIter(nil, firstBatch, result.Cursor.Id, nil)
		}
	} else if isNoCmd(err) {
		// Command not yet supported. Query the database instead.
		iter = c.Database.C("system.indexes").Find(bson.M{"ns": c.FullName}).Iter()
	} else {
		return nil, err
	}

	var spec indexSpec
	for iter.Next(&spec) {
		indexes = append(indexes, indexFromSpec(spec))
	}
	if err = iter.Close(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	sort.Sort(indexSlice(indexes))
	return indexes, nil
}

func indexFromSpec(spec indexSpec) Index {
	index := Index{
		Name:             spec.Name,
		Key:              simpleIndexKey(spec.Key),
		Unique:           spec.Unique,
		DropDups:         spec.DropDups,
		Background:       spec.Background,
		Sparse:           spec.Sparse,
		Minf:             spec.Min,
		Maxf:             spec.Max,
		Bits:             spec.Bits,
		BucketSize:       spec.BucketSize,
		DefaultLanguage:  spec.DefaultLanguage,
		LanguageOverride: spec.LanguageOverride,
		ExpireAfter:      time.Duration(spec.ExpireAfter) * time.Second,
		Collation:        spec.Collation,
		PartialFilter:    spec.PartialFilterExpression,
	}
	if float64(int(spec.Min)) == spec.Min && float64(int(spec.Max)) == spec.Max {
		index.Min = int(spec.Min)
		index.Max = int(spec.Max)
	}
	if spec.TextIndexVersion > 0 {
		index.Key = make([]string, len(spec.Weights))
		index.Weights = make(map[string]int)
		for i, elem := range spec.Weights {
			index.Key[i] = "$text:" + elem.Name
			if w, ok := elem.Value.(int); ok {
				index.Weights[elem.Name] = w
			}
		}
	}
	return index
}

type indexSlice []Index

func (idxs indexSlice) Len() int           { return len(idxs) }
func (idxs indexSlice) Less(i, j int) bool { return idxs[i].Name < idxs[j].Name }
func (idxs indexSlice) Swap(i, j int)      { idxs[i], idxs[j] = idxs[j], idxs[i] }

func simpleIndexKey(realKey bson.D) (key []string) {
	for i := range realKey {
		var vi int
		field := realKey[i].Name

		switch realKey[i].Value.(type) {
		case int64:
			vf, _ := realKey[i].Value.(int64)
			vi = int(vf)
		case float64:
			vf, _ := realKey[i].Value.(float64)
			vi = int(vf)
		case string:
			if vs, ok := realKey[i].Value.(string); ok {
				key = append(key, "$"+vs+":"+field)
				continue
			}
		case int:
			vi = realKey[i].Value.(int)
		}

		if vi == 1 {
			key = append(key, field)
			continue
		}
		if vi == -1 {
			key = append(key, "-"+field)
			continue
		}
		panic("Got unknown index key type for field " + field)
	}
	return
}

// ResetIndexCache clears the cache of previously ensured indexes.
// Following requests to EnsureIndex will contact the server.
func (s *Session) ResetIndexCache() {
	s.cluster().ResetIndexCache()
}

// New creates a new session with the same parameters as the original
// session, including consistency, batch size, prefetching, safety mode,
// etc. The returned session will use sockets from the pool, so there's
// a chance that writes just performed in another session may not yet
// be visible.
//
// Login information from the original session will not be copied over
// into the new session unless it was provided through the initial URL
// for the Dial function.
//
// See the Copy and Clone methods.
//
func (s *Session) New() *Session {
	s.m.Lock()
	scopy := copySession(s, false)
	s.m.Unlock()
	scopy.Refresh()
	return scopy
}

// Copy works just like New, but preserves the exact authentication
// information from the original session.
func (s *Session) Copy() *Session {
	s.m.Lock()
	scopy := copySession(s, true)
	s.m.Unlock()
	scopy.Refresh()
	return scopy
}

// Clone works just like Copy, but also reuses the same socket as the original
// session, in case it had already reserved one due to its consistency
// guarantees.  This behavior ensures that writes performed in the old session
// are necessarily observed when using the new session, as long as it was a
// strong or monotonic session.  That said, it also means that long operations
// may cause other goroutines using the original session to wait.
func (s *Session) Clone() *Session {
	s.m.Lock()
	scopy := copySession(s, true)
	s.m.Unlock()
	return scopy
}

// Close terminates the session.  It's a runtime error to use a session
// after it has been closed.
func (s *Session) Close() {
	s.m.Lock()
	if s.mgoCluster != nil {
		debugf("Closing session %p", s)
		s.unsetSocket()
		s.mgoCluster.Release()
		s.mgoCluster = nil
	}
	s.m.Unlock()
}

func (s *Session) cluster() *mongoCluster {
	if s.mgoCluster == nil {
		panic("Session already closed")
	}
	return s.mgoCluster
}

// Refresh puts back any reserved sockets in use and restarts the consistency
// guarantees according to the current consistency setting for the session.
func (s *Session) Refresh() {
	s.m.Lock()
	s.slaveOk = s.consistency != Strong
	s.unsetSocket()
	s.m.Unlock()
}

// SetMode changes the consistency mode for the session.
//
// The default mode is Strong.
//
// In the Strong consistency mode reads and writes will always be made to
// the primary server using a unique connection so that reads and writes are
// fully consistent, ordered, and observing the most up-to-date data.
// This offers the least benefits in terms of distributing load, but the
// most guarantees.  See also Monotonic and Eventual.
//
// In the Monotonic consistency mode reads may not be entirely up-to-date,
// but they will always see the history of changes moving forward, the data
// read will be consistent across sequential queries in the same session,
// and modifications made within the session will be observed in following
// queries (read-your-writes).
//
// In practice, the Monotonic mode is obtained by performing initial reads
// on a unique connection to an arbitrary secondary, if one is available,
// and once the first write happens, the session connection is switched over
// to the primary server.  This manages to distribute some of the reading
// load with secondaries, while maintaining some useful guarantees.
//
// In the Eventual consistency mode reads will be made to any secondary in the
// cluster, if one is available, and sequential reads will not necessarily
// be made with the same connection.  This means that data may be observed
// out of order.  Writes will of course be issued to the primary, but
// independent writes in the same Eventual session may also be made with
// independent connections, so there are also no guarantees in terms of
// write ordering (no read-your-writes guarantees either).
//
// The Eventual mode is the fastest and most resource-friendly, but is
// also the one offering the least guarantees about ordering of the data
// read and written.
//
// If refresh is true, in addition to ensuring the session is in the given
// consistency mode, the consistency guarantees will also be reset (e.g.
// a Monotonic session will be allowed to read from secondaries again).
// This is equivalent to calling the Refresh function.
//
// Shifting between Monotonic and Strong modes will keep a previously
// reserved connection for the session unless refresh is true or the
// connection is unsuitable (to a secondary server in a Strong session).
func (s *Session) SetMode(consistency Mode, refresh bool) {
	s.m.Lock()
	debugf("Session %p: setting mode %d with refresh=%v (master=%p, slave=%p)", s, consistency, refresh, s.masterSocket, s.slaveSocket)
	s.consistency = consistency
	if refresh {
		s.slaveOk = s.consistency != Strong
		s.unsetSocket()
	} else if s.consistency == Strong {
		s.slaveOk = false
	} else if s.masterSocket == nil {
		s.slaveOk = true
	}
	s.m.Unlock()
}

// Mode returns the current consistency mode for the session.
func (s *Session) Mode() Mode {
	s.m.RLock()
	mode := s.consistency
	s.m.RUnlock()
	return mode
}

// SetSyncTimeout sets the amount of time an operation with this session
// will wait before returning an error in case a connection to a usable
// server can't be established. Set it to zero to wait forever. The
// default value is 7 seconds.
func (s *Session) SetSyncTimeout(d time.Duration) {
	s.m.Lock()
	s.syncTimeout = d
	s.m.Unlock()
}

// SetSocketTimeout is deprecated - use DialInfo read/write timeouts instead.
//
// SetSocketTimeout sets the amount of time to wait for a non-responding socket
// to the database before it is forcefully closed.
//
// The default timeout is 1 minute.
func (s *Session) SetSocketTimeout(d time.Duration) {
	s.m.Lock()

	// Set both the read and write timeout, as well as the DialInfo.Timeout for
	// backwards compatibility,
	s.dialInfo.Timeout = d
	s.dialInfo.ReadTimeout = d
	s.dialInfo.WriteTimeout = d

	if s.masterSocket != nil {
		s.masterSocket.SetTimeout(d)
	}
	if s.slaveSocket != nil {
		s.slaveSocket.SetTimeout(d)
	}
	s.m.Unlock()
}

// SetCursorTimeout changes the standard timeout period that the server
// enforces on created cursors. The only supported value right now is
// 0, which disables the timeout. The standard server timeout is 10 minutes.
func (s *Session) SetCursorTimeout(d time.Duration) {
	s.m.Lock()
	if d == 0 {
		s.queryConfig.op.flags |= flagNoCursorTimeout
	} else {
		panic("SetCursorTimeout: only 0 (disable timeout) supported for now")
	}
	s.m.Unlock()
}

// SetPoolLimit sets the maximum number of sockets in use in a single server
// before this session will block waiting for a socket to be available.
// The default limit is 4096.
//
// This limit must be set to cover more than any expected workload of the
// application. It is a bad practice and an unsupported use case to use the
// database driver to define the concurrency limit of an application. Prevent
// such concurrency "at the door" instead, by properly restricting the amount
// of used resources and number of goroutines before they are created.
func (s *Session) SetPoolLimit(limit int) {
	s.m.Lock()
	s.dialInfo.PoolLimit = limit
	s.m.Unlock()
}

// SetPoolTimeout sets the maxinum time connection attempts will wait to reuse
// an existing connection from the pool if the PoolLimit has been reached. If
// the value is exceeded, the attempt to use a session will fail with an error.
// The default value is zero, which means to wait forever with no timeout.
func (s *Session) SetPoolTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
	s.m.Lock()
	s.dialInfo.PoolTimeout = timeout
	s.m.Unlock()
}

// SetBypassValidation sets whether the server should bypass the registered
// validation expressions executed when documents are inserted or modified,
// in the interest of preserving invariants in the collection being modified.
// The default is to not bypass, and thus to perform the validation
// expressions registered for modified collections.
//
// Document validation was introuced in MongoDB 3.2.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//   https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/release-notes/3.2/#bypass-validation
//
func (s *Session) SetBypassValidation(bypass bool) {
	s.m.Lock()
	s.bypassValidation = bypass
	s.m.Unlock()
}

// SetBatch sets the default batch size used when fetching documents from the
// database. It's possible to change this setting on a per-query basis as
// well, using the Query.Batch method.
//
// The default batch size is defined by the database itself.  As of this
// writing, MongoDB will use an initial size of min(100 docs, 4MB) on the
// first batch, and 4MB on remaining ones.
func (s *Session) SetBatch(n int) {
	if n == 1 {
		// Server interprets 1 as -1 and closes the cursor (!?)
		n = 2
	}
	s.m.Lock()
	s.queryConfig.op.limit = int32(n)
	s.m.Unlock()
}

// SetPrefetch sets the default point at which the next batch of results will be
// requested.  When there are p*batch_size remaining documents cached in an
// Iter, the next batch will be requested in background. For instance, when
// using this:
//
//     session.SetBatch(200)
//     session.SetPrefetch(0.25)
//
// and there are only 50 documents cached in the Iter to be processed, the
// next batch of 200 will be requested. It's possible to change this setting on
// a per-query basis as well, using the Prefetch method of Query.
//
// The default prefetch value is 0.25.
func (s *Session) SetPrefetch(p float64) {
	s.m.Lock()
	s.queryConfig.prefetch = p
	s.m.Unlock()
}

// Safe session safety mode. See SetSafe for details on the Safe type.
type Safe struct {
	W        int    // Min # of servers to ack before success
	WMode    string // Write mode for MongoDB 2.0+ (e.g. "majority")
	RMode    string // Read mode for MonogDB 3.2+ ("majority", "local", "linearizable")
	WTimeout int    // Milliseconds to wait for W before timing out
	FSync    bool   // Sync via the journal if present, or via data files sync otherwise
	J        bool   // Sync via the journal if present
}

// Safe returns the current safety mode for the session.
func (s *Session) Safe() (safe *Safe) {
	s.m.Lock()
	defer s.m.Unlock()
	if s.safeOp != nil {
		cmd := s.safeOp.query.(*getLastError)
		safe = &Safe{WTimeout: cmd.WTimeout, FSync: cmd.FSync, J: cmd.J, RMode: s.queryConfig.op.readConcern}
		switch w := cmd.W.(type) {
		case string:
			safe.WMode = w
		case int:
			safe.W = w
		}
	}
	return
}

// SetSafe changes the session safety mode.
//
// If the safe parameter is nil, the session is put in unsafe mode, and writes
// become fire-and-forget, without error checking.  The unsafe mode is faster
// since operations won't hold on waiting for a confirmation.
//
// If the safe parameter is not nil, any changing query (insert, update, ...)
// will be followed by a getLastError command with the specified parameters,
// to ensure the request was correctly processed.
//
// The default is &Safe{}, meaning check for errors and use the default
// behavior for all fields.
//
// The safe.W parameter determines how many servers should confirm a write
// before the operation is considered successful.  If set to 0 or 1, the
// command will return as soon as the primary is done with the request.
// If safe.WTimeout is greater than zero, it determines how many milliseconds
// to wait for the safe.W servers to respond before returning an error.
//
// Starting with MongoDB 2.0.0 the safe.WMode parameter can be used instead
// of W to request for richer semantics. If set to "majority" the server will
// wait for a majority of members from the replica set to respond before
// returning. Custom modes may also be defined within the server to create
// very detailed placement schemas. See the data awareness documentation in
// the links below for more details (note that MongoDB internally reuses the
// "w" field name for WMode).
//
// If safe.J is true, servers will block until write operations have been
// committed to the journal. Cannot be used in combination with FSync. Prior
// to MongoDB 2.6 this option was ignored if the server was running without
// journaling. Starting with MongoDB 2.6 write operations will fail with an
// exception if this option is used when the server is running without
// journaling.
//
// If safe.FSync is true and the server is running without journaling, blocks
// until the server has synced all data files to disk. If the server is running
// with journaling, this acts the same as the J option, blocking until write
// operations have been committed to the journal. Cannot be used in
// combination with J.
//
// Since MongoDB 2.0.0, the safe.J option can also be used instead of FSync
// to force the server to wait for a group commit in case journaling is
// enabled. The option has no effect if the server has journaling disabled.
//
// For example, the following statement will make the session check for
// errors, without imposing further constraints:
//
//     session.SetSafe(&mgo.Safe{})
//
// The following statement will force the server to wait for a majority of
// members of a replica set to return (MongoDB 2.0+ only):
//
//     session.SetSafe(&mgo.Safe{WMode: "majority"})
//
// The following statement, on the other hand, ensures that at least two
// servers have flushed the change to disk before confirming the success
// of operations:
//
//     session.EnsureSafe(&mgo.Safe{W: 2, FSync: true})
//
// The following statement, on the other hand, disables the verification
// of errors entirely:
//
//     session.SetSafe(nil)
//
// See also the EnsureSafe method.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/read-concern/
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/getLastError+Command
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Verifying+Propagation+of+Writes+with+getLastError
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Data+Center+Awareness
//
func (s *Session) SetSafe(safe *Safe) {
	s.m.Lock()
	s.safeOp = nil
	s.ensureSafe(safe)
	s.m.Unlock()
}

// EnsureSafe compares the provided safety parameters with the ones
// currently in use by the session and picks the most conservative
// choice for each setting.
//
// That is:
//
//     - safe.WMode is always used if set.
//     - safe.RMode is always used if set.
//     - safe.W is used if larger than the current W and WMode is empty.
//     - safe.FSync is always used if true.
//     - safe.J is used if FSync is false.
//     - safe.WTimeout is used if set and smaller than the current WTimeout.
//
// For example, the following statement will ensure the session is
// at least checking for errors, without enforcing further constraints.
// If a more conservative SetSafe or EnsureSafe call was previously done,
// the following call will be ignored.
//
//     session.EnsureSafe(&mgo.Safe{})
//
// See also the SetSafe method for details on what each option means.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/getLastError+Command
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Verifying+Propagation+of+Writes+with+getLastError
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Data+Center+Awareness
//
func (s *Session) EnsureSafe(safe *Safe) {
	s.m.Lock()
	s.ensureSafe(safe)
	s.m.Unlock()
}

func (s *Session) ensureSafe(safe *Safe) {
	if safe == nil {
		return
	}

	var w interface{}
	if safe.WMode != "" {
		w = safe.WMode
	} else if safe.W > 0 {
		w = safe.W
	}

	// Set the read concern
	switch safe.RMode {
	case "majority", "local", "linearizable":
		s.queryConfig.op.readConcern = safe.RMode
	default:
	}

	var cmd getLastError
	if s.safeOp == nil {
		cmd = getLastError{1, w, safe.WTimeout, safe.FSync, safe.J}
	} else {
		// Copy.  We don't want to mutate the existing query.
		cmd = *(s.safeOp.query.(*getLastError))
		if cmd.W == nil {
			cmd.W = w
		} else if safe.WMode != "" {
			cmd.W = safe.WMode
		} else if i, ok := cmd.W.(int); ok && safe.W > i {
			cmd.W = safe.W
		}
		if safe.WTimeout > 0 && safe.WTimeout < cmd.WTimeout {
			cmd.WTimeout = safe.WTimeout
		}
		if safe.FSync {
			cmd.FSync = true
			cmd.J = false
		} else if safe.J && !cmd.FSync {
			cmd.J = true
		}
	}
	s.safeOp = &queryOp{
		query:      &cmd,
		collection: "admin.$cmd",
		limit:      -1,
	}
}

// Run issues the provided command on the "admin" database and
// and unmarshals its result in the respective argument. The cmd
// argument may be either a string with the command name itself, in
// which case an empty document of the form bson.M{cmd: 1} will be used,
// or it may be a full command document.
//
// Note that MongoDB considers the first marshalled key as the command
// name, so when providing a command with options, it's important to
// use an ordering-preserving document, such as a struct value or an
// instance of bson.D.  For instance:
//
//     db.Run(bson.D{{"create", "mycollection"}, {"size", 1024}})
//
// For commands on arbitrary databases, see the Run method in
// the Database type.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Commands
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/List+of+Database+CommandSkips
//
func (s *Session) Run(cmd interface{}, result interface{}) error {
	return s.DB("admin").Run(cmd, result)
}

// runOnSocket does the same as Run, but guarantees that your command will be run
// on the provided socket instance; if it's unhealthy, you will receive the error
// from it.
func (s *Session) runOnSocket(socket *mongoSocket, cmd interface{}, result interface{}) error {
	return s.DB("admin").runOnSocket(socket, cmd, result)
}

// SelectServers restricts communication to servers configured with the
// given tags. For example, the following statement restricts servers
// used for reading operations to those with both tag "disk" set to
// "ssd" and tag "rack" set to 1:
//
//     session.SelectServers(bson.D{{"disk", "ssd"}, {"rack", 1}})
//
// Multiple sets of tags may be provided, in which case the used server
// must match all tags within any one set.
//
// If a connection was previously assigned to the session due to the
// current session mode (see Session.SetMode), the tag selection will
// only be enforced after the session is refreshed.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/tutorial/configure-replica-set-tag-sets
//
func (s *Session) SelectServers(tags ...bson.D) {
	s.m.Lock()
	s.queryConfig.op.serverTags = tags
	s.m.Unlock()
}

// Ping runs a trivial ping command just to get in touch with the server.
func (s *Session) Ping() error {
	return s.Run("ping", nil)
}

// Fsync flushes in-memory writes to disk on the server the session
// is established with. If async is true, the call returns immediately,
// otherwise it returns after the flush has been made.
func (s *Session) Fsync(async bool) error {
	return s.Run(bson.D{{Name: "fsync", Value: 1}, {Name: "async", Value: async}}, nil)
}

// FsyncLock locks all writes in the specific server the session is
// established with and returns. Any writes attempted to the server
// after it is successfully locked will block until FsyncUnlock is
// called for the same server.
//
// This method works on secondaries as well, preventing the oplog from
// being flushed while the server is locked, but since only the server
// connected to is locked, for locking specific secondaries it may be
// necessary to establish a connection directly to the secondary (see
// Dial's connect=direct option).
//
// As an important caveat, note that once a write is attempted and
// blocks, follow up reads will block as well due to the way the
// lock is internally implemented in the server. More details at:
//
//     https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SERVER-4243
//
// FsyncLock is often used for performing consistent backups of
// the database files on disk.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/fsync+Command
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Backups
//
func (s *Session) FsyncLock() error {
	return s.Run(bson.D{{Name: "fsync", Value: 1}, {Name: "lock", Value: true}}, nil)
}

// FsyncUnlock releases the server for writes. See FsyncLock for details.
func (s *Session) FsyncUnlock() error {
	err := s.Run(bson.D{{Name: "fsyncUnlock", Value: 1}}, nil)
	if isNoCmd(err) {
		err = s.DB("admin").C("$cmd.sys.unlock").Find(nil).One(nil) // WTF?
	}
	return err
}

// Find prepares a query using the provided document.  The document may be a
// map or a struct value capable of being marshalled with bson.  The map
// may be a generic one using interface{} for its key and/or values, such as
// bson.M, or it may be a properly typed map.  Providing nil as the document
// is equivalent to providing an empty document such as bson.M{}.
//
// Further details of the query may be tweaked using the resulting Query value,
// and then executed to retrieve results using methods such as One, For,
// Iter, or Tail.
//
// In case the resulting document includes a field named $err or errmsg, which
// are standard ways for MongoDB to return query errors, the returned err will
// be set to a *QueryError value including the Err message and the Code.  In
// those cases, the result argument is still unmarshalled into with the
// received document so that any other custom values may be obtained if
// desired.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Querying
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries
//
func (c *Collection) Find(query interface{}) *Query {
	session := c.Database.Session
	session.m.RLock()
	q := &Query{session: session, query: session.queryConfig}
	session.m.RUnlock()
	q.op.query = query
	q.op.collection = c.FullName
	return q
}

type repairCmd struct {
	RepairCursor string           `bson:"repairCursor"`
	Cursor       *repairCmdCursor `bson:",omitempty"`
}

type repairCmdCursor struct {
	BatchSize int `bson:"batchSize,omitempty"`
}

// Repair returns an iterator that goes over all recovered documents in the
// collection, in a best-effort manner. This is most useful when there are
// damaged data files. Multiple copies of the same document may be returned
// by the iterator.
//
// Repair is supported in MongoDB 2.7.8 and later.
func (c *Collection) Repair() *Iter {
	// Clone session and set it to Monotonic mode so that the server
	// used for the query may be safely obtained afterwards, if
	// necessary for iteration when a cursor is received.
	session := c.Database.Session
	cloned := session.nonEventual()
	defer cloned.Close()

	batchSize := int(cloned.queryConfig.op.limit)

	var result struct{ Cursor cursorData }

	cmd := repairCmd{
		RepairCursor: c.Name,
		Cursor:       &repairCmdCursor{batchSize},
	}

	clonedc := c.With(cloned)
	err := clonedc.Database.Run(cmd, &result)
	return clonedc.NewIter(session, result.Cursor.FirstBatch, result.Cursor.Id, err)
}

// FindId is a convenience helper equivalent to:
//
//     query := collection.Find(bson.M{"_id": id})
//
// See the Find method for more details.
func (c *Collection) FindId(id interface{}) *Query {
	return c.Find(bson.D{{Name: "_id", Value: id}})
}

// Pipe is used to run aggregation queries against a
// collection.
type Pipe struct {
	session    *Session
	collection *Collection
	pipeline   interface{}
	allowDisk  bool
	batchSize  int
	maxTimeMS  int64
	collation  *Collation
}

type pipeCmd struct {
	Aggregate string
	Pipeline  interface{}
	Cursor    *pipeCmdCursor `bson:",omitempty"`
	Explain   bool           `bson:",omitempty"`
	AllowDisk bool           `bson:"allowDiskUse,omitempty"`
	MaxTimeMS int64          `bson:"maxTimeMS,omitempty"`
	Collation *Collation     `bson:"collation,omitempty"`
}

type pipeCmdCursor struct {
	BatchSize int `bson:"batchSize,omitempty"`
}

// Pipe prepares a pipeline to aggregate. The pipeline document
// must be a slice built in terms of the aggregation framework language.
//
// For example:
//
//     pipe := collection.Pipe([]bson.M{{"$match": bson.M{"name": "Otavio"}}})
//     iter := pipe.Iter()
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/aggregation
//     http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/aggregation
//     http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/tutorial/aggregation-examples
//

func (c *Collection) Pipe(pipeline interface{}) *Pipe {
	session := c.Database.Session
	session.m.RLock()
	batchSize := int(session.queryConfig.op.limit)
	session.m.RUnlock()
	return &Pipe{
		session:    session,
		collection: c,
		pipeline:   pipeline,
		batchSize:  batchSize,
	}
}

// Iter executes the pipeline and returns an iterator capable of going
// over all the generated results.
func (p *Pipe) Iter() *Iter {
	// Clone session and set it to Monotonic mode so that the server
	// used for the query may be safely obtained afterwards, if
	// necessary for iteration when a cursor is received.
	cloned := p.session.nonEventual()
	defer cloned.Close()
	c := p.collection.With(cloned)

	var result struct {
		Result []bson.Raw // 2.4, no cursors.
		Cursor cursorData // 2.6+, with cursors.
	}

	cmd := pipeCmd{
		Aggregate: c.Name,
		Pipeline:  p.pipeline,
		AllowDisk: p.allowDisk,
		Cursor:    &pipeCmdCursor{p.batchSize},
		Collation: p.collation,
	}
	if p.maxTimeMS > 0 {
		cmd.MaxTimeMS = p.maxTimeMS
	}
	err := c.Database.Run(cmd, &result)
	if e, ok := err.(*QueryError); ok && e.Message == `unrecognized field "cursor` {
		cmd.Cursor = nil
		cmd.AllowDisk = false
		err = c.Database.Run(cmd, &result)
	}
	firstBatch := result.Result
	if firstBatch == nil {
		firstBatch = result.Cursor.FirstBatch
	}
	it := c.NewIter(p.session, firstBatch, result.Cursor.Id, err)
	if p.maxTimeMS > 0 {
		it.maxTimeMS = p.maxTimeMS
	}
	return it
}

// NewIter returns a newly created iterator with the provided parameters. Using
// this method is not recommended unless the desired functionality is not yet
// exposed via a more convenient interface (Find, Pipe, etc).
//
// The optional session parameter associates the lifetime of the returned
// iterator to an arbitrary session. If nil, the iterator will be bound to c's
// session.
//
// Documents in firstBatch will be individually provided by the returned
// iterator before documents from cursorId are made available. If cursorId is
// zero, only the documents in firstBatch are provided.
//
// If err is not nil, the iterator's Err method will report it after exhausting
// documents in firstBatch.
//
// NewIter must not be called on a collection in Eventual mode, because the
// cursor id is associated with the specific server that returned it. The
// provided session parameter may be in any mode or state, though.
//
// The new Iter fetches documents in batches of the server defined default,
// however this can be changed by setting the session Batch method.
//
// When using MongoDB 3.2+ NewIter supports re-using an existing cursor on the
// server. Ensure the connection has been established (i.e. by calling
// session.Ping()) before calling NewIter.
func (c *Collection) NewIter(session *Session, firstBatch []bson.Raw, cursorId int64, err error) *Iter {
	var server *mongoServer
	csession := c.Database.Session
	csession.m.RLock()
	socket := csession.masterSocket
	if socket == nil {
		socket = csession.slaveSocket
	}
	if socket != nil {
		server = socket.Server()
	}
	csession.m.RUnlock()

	if server == nil {
		if csession.Mode() == Eventual {
			panic("Collection.NewIter called in Eventual mode")
		}
		if err == nil {
			err = errors.New("server not available")
		}
	}

	if session == nil {
		session = csession
	}

	iter := &Iter{
		session: session,
		server:  server,
		timeout: -1,
		err:     err,
	}

	if socket.ServerInfo().MaxWireVersion >= 4 && c.FullName != "admin.$cmd" {
		iter.isFindCmd = true
	}

	iter.gotReply.L = &iter.m
	for _, doc := range firstBatch {
		iter.docData.Push(doc.Data)
	}
	if cursorId != 0 {
		if socket != nil && socket.ServerInfo().MaxWireVersion >= 4 {
			iter.docsBeforeMore = len(firstBatch)
		}
		iter.op.cursorId = cursorId
		iter.op.collection = c.FullName
		iter.op.replyFunc = iter.replyFunc()
	}
	return iter
}

// State returns the current state of Iter. When combined with NewIter an
// existing cursor can be reused on Mongo 3.2+. Like NewIter, this method should
// be avoided if the desired functionality is exposed via a more convenient
// interface.
//
// Care must be taken to resume using Iter only when connected directly to the
// same server that the cursor was created on (with a Monotonic connection or
// with the connect=direct connection option).
func (iter *Iter) State() (int64, []bson.Raw) {
	// Make a copy of the docData to avoid changing iter state
	iter.m.Lock()
	data := iter.docData
	iter.m.Unlock()

	batch := make([]bson.Raw, 0, data.Len())
	for data.Len() > 0 {
		batch = append(batch, bson.Raw{
			Kind: 0x00,
			Data: data.Pop().([]byte),
		})
	}
	return iter.op.cursorId, batch
}

// All works like Iter.All.
func (p *Pipe) All(result interface{}) error {
	return p.Iter().All(result)
}

// One executes the pipeline and unmarshals the first item from the
// result set into the result parameter.
// It returns ErrNotFound if no items are generated by the pipeline.
func (p *Pipe) One(result interface{}) error {
	iter := p.Iter()
	if iter.Next(result) {
		return nil
	}
	if err := iter.Err(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return ErrNotFound
}

// Explain returns a number of details about how the MongoDB server would
// execute the requested pipeline, such as the number of objects examined,
// the number of times the read lock was yielded to allow writes to go in,
// and so on.
//
// For example:
//
//     var m bson.M
//     err := collection.Pipe(pipeline).Explain(&m)
//     if err == nil {
//         fmt.Printf("Explain: %#v\n", m)
//     }
//
func (p *Pipe) Explain(result interface{}) error {
	c := p.collection
	cmd := pipeCmd{
		Aggregate: c.Name,
		Pipeline:  p.pipeline,
		AllowDisk: p.allowDisk,
		Explain:   true,
	}
	return c.Database.Run(cmd, result)
}

// AllowDiskUse enables writing to the "<dbpath>/_tmp" server directory so
// that aggregation pipelines do not have to be held entirely in memory.
func (p *Pipe) AllowDiskUse() *Pipe {
	p.allowDisk = true
	return p
}

// Batch sets the batch size used when fetching documents from the database.
// It's possible to change this setting on a per-session basis as well, using
// the Batch method of Session.
//
// The default batch size is defined by the database server.
func (p *Pipe) Batch(n int) *Pipe {
	p.batchSize = n
	return p
}

// SetMaxTime sets the maximum amount of time to allow the query to run.
//
func (p *Pipe) SetMaxTime(d time.Duration) *Pipe {
	p.maxTimeMS = int64(d / time.Millisecond)
	return p
}


// Collation allows to specify language-specific rules for string comparison,
// such as rules for lettercase and accent marks.
// When specifying collation, the locale field is mandatory; all other collation
// fields are optional
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//      https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/collation/
//
func (p *Pipe) Collation(collation *Collation) *Pipe {
	if collation != nil {
		p.collation = collation
	}
	return p
}

// LastError the error status of the preceding write operation on the current connection.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//    https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/getLastError/
//
// mgo.v3: Use a single user-visible error type.
type LastError struct {
	Err             string
	Code, N, Waited int
	FSyncFiles      int `bson:"fsyncFiles"`
	WTimeout        bool
	UpdatedExisting bool        `bson:"updatedExisting"`
	UpsertedId      interface{} `bson:"upserted"`

	modified int
	ecases   []BulkErrorCase
}

func (err *LastError) Error() string {
	return err.Err
}

type queryError struct {
	Err           string `bson:"$err"`
	ErrMsg        string
	Assertion     string
	Code          int
	AssertionCode int `bson:"assertionCode"`
}

// QueryError is returned when a query fails
type QueryError struct {
	Code      int
	Message   string
	Assertion bool
}

func (err *QueryError) Error() string {
	return err.Message
}

// IsDup returns whether err informs of a duplicate key error because
// a primary key index or a secondary unique index already has an entry
// with the given value.
func IsDup(err error) bool {
	// Besides being handy, helps with MongoDB bugs SERVER-7164 and SERVER-11493.
	// What follows makes me sad. Hopefully conventions will be more clear over time.
	switch e := err.(type) {
	case *LastError:
		return e.Code == 11000 || e.Code == 11001 || e.Code == 12582 || e.Code == 16460 && strings.Contains(e.Err, " E11000 ")
	case *QueryError:
		return e.Code == 11000 || e.Code == 11001 || e.Code == 12582
	case *BulkError:
		for _, ecase := range e.ecases {
			if !IsDup(ecase.Err) {
				return false
			}
		}
		return true
	}
	return false
}

// Insert inserts one or more documents in the respective collection.  In
// case the session is in safe mode (see the SetSafe method) and an error
// happens while inserting the provided documents, the returned error will
// be of type *LastError.
func (c *Collection) Insert(docs ...interface{}) error {
	_, err := c.writeOp(&insertOp{c.FullName, docs, 0}, true)
	return err
}

// Update finds a single document matching the provided selector document
// and modifies it according to the update document.
// If the session is in safe mode (see SetSafe) a ErrNotFound error is
// returned if a document isn't found, or a value of type *LastError
// when some other error is detected.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Updating
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Atomic+Operations
//
func (c *Collection) Update(selector interface{}, update interface{}) error {
	if selector == nil {
		selector = bson.D{}
	}
	op := updateOp{
		Collection: c.FullName,
		Selector:   selector,
		Update:     update,
	}
	lerr, err := c.writeOp(&op, true)
	if err == nil && lerr != nil && !lerr.UpdatedExisting {
		return ErrNotFound
	}
	return err
}

// UpdateId is a convenience helper equivalent to:
//
//     err := collection.Update(bson.M{"_id": id}, update)
//
// See the Update method for more details.
func (c *Collection) UpdateId(id interface{}, update interface{}) error {
	return c.Update(bson.D{{Name: "_id", Value: id}}, update)
}

// ChangeInfo holds details about the outcome of an update operation.
type ChangeInfo struct {
	// Updated reports the number of existing documents modified.
	// Due to server limitations, this reports the same value as the Matched field when
	// talking to MongoDB <= 2.4 and on Upsert and Apply (findAndModify) operations.
	Updated    int
	Removed    int         // Number of documents removed
	Matched    int         // Number of documents matched but not necessarily changed
	UpsertedId interface{} // Upserted _id field, when not explicitly provided
}

// UpdateAll finds all documents matching the provided selector document
// and modifies them according to the update document.
// If the session is in safe mode (see SetSafe) details of the executed
// operation are returned in info or an error of type *LastError when
// some problem is detected. It is not an error for the update to not be
// applied on any documents because the selector doesn't match.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Updating
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Atomic+Operations
//
func (c *Collection) UpdateAll(selector interface{}, update interface{}) (info *ChangeInfo, err error) {
	if selector == nil {
		selector = bson.D{}
	}
	op := updateOp{
		Collection: c.FullName,
		Selector:   selector,
		Update:     update,
		Flags:      2,
		Multi:      true,
	}
	lerr, err := c.writeOp(&op, true)
	if err == nil && lerr != nil {
		info = &ChangeInfo{Updated: lerr.modified, Matched: lerr.N}
	}
	return info, err
}

// Upsert finds a single document matching the provided selector document
// and modifies it according to the update document.  If no document matching
// the selector is found, the update document is applied to the selector
// document and the result is inserted in the collection.
// If the session is in safe mode (see SetSafe) details of the executed
// operation are returned in info, or an error of type *LastError when
// some problem is detected.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Updating
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Atomic+Operations
//
func (c *Collection) Upsert(selector interface{}, update interface{}) (info *ChangeInfo, err error) {
	if selector == nil {
		selector = bson.D{}
	}
	op := updateOp{
		Collection: c.FullName,
		Selector:   selector,
		Update:     update,
		Flags:      1,
		Upsert:     true,
	}
	var lerr *LastError
	for i := 0; i < maxUpsertRetries; i++ {
		lerr, err = c.writeOp(&op, true)
		// Retry duplicate key errors on upserts.
		// https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.2/reference/method/db.collection.update/#use-unique-indexes
		if !IsDup(err) {
			break
		}
	}
	if err == nil && lerr != nil {
		info = &ChangeInfo{}
		if lerr.UpdatedExisting {
			info.Matched = lerr.N
			info.Updated = lerr.modified
		} else {
			info.UpsertedId = lerr.UpsertedId
		}
	}
	return info, err
}

// UpsertId is a convenience helper equivalent to:
//
//     info, err := collection.Upsert(bson.M{"_id": id}, update)
//
// See the Upsert method for more details.
func (c *Collection) UpsertId(id interface{}, update interface{}) (info *ChangeInfo, err error) {
	return c.Upsert(bson.D{{Name: "_id", Value: id}}, update)
}

// Remove finds a single document matching the provided selector document
// and removes it from the database.
// If the session is in safe mode (see SetSafe) a ErrNotFound error is
// returned if a document isn't found, or a value of type *LastError
// when some other error is detected.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Removing
//
func (c *Collection) Remove(selector interface{}) error {
	if selector == nil {
		selector = bson.D{}
	}
	lerr, err := c.writeOp(&deleteOp{c.FullName, selector, 1, 1}, true)
	if err == nil && lerr != nil && lerr.N == 0 {
		return ErrNotFound
	}
	return err
}

// RemoveId is a convenience helper equivalent to:
//
//     err := collection.Remove(bson.M{"_id": id})
//
// See the Remove method for more details.
func (c *Collection) RemoveId(id interface{}) error {
	return c.Remove(bson.D{{Name: "_id", Value: id}})
}

// RemoveAll finds all documents matching the provided selector document
// and removes them from the database.  In case the session is in safe mode
// (see the SetSafe method) and an error happens when attempting the change,
// the returned error will be of type *LastError.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Removing
//
func (c *Collection) RemoveAll(selector interface{}) (info *ChangeInfo, err error) {
	if selector == nil {
		selector = bson.D{}
	}
	lerr, err := c.writeOp(&deleteOp{c.FullName, selector, 0, 0}, true)
	if err == nil && lerr != nil {
		info = &ChangeInfo{Removed: lerr.N, Matched: lerr.N}
	}
	return info, err
}

// DropDatabase removes the entire database including all of its collections.
func (db *Database) DropDatabase() error {
	return db.Run(bson.D{{Name: "dropDatabase", Value: 1}}, nil)
}

// DropCollection removes the entire collection including all of its documents.
func (c *Collection) DropCollection() error {
	return c.Database.Run(bson.D{{Name: "drop", Value: c.Name}}, nil)
}

// The CollectionInfo type holds metadata about a collection.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/createCollection+Command
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Capped+Collections
//
type CollectionInfo struct {
	// DisableIdIndex prevents the automatic creation of the index
	// on the _id field for the collection.
	DisableIdIndex bool

	// ForceIdIndex enforces the automatic creation of the index
	// on the _id field for the collection. Capped collections,
	// for example, do not have such an index by default.
	ForceIdIndex bool

	// If Capped is true new documents will replace old ones when
	// the collection is full. MaxBytes must necessarily be set
	// to define the size when the collection wraps around.
	// MaxDocs optionally defines the number of documents when it
	// wraps, but MaxBytes still needs to be set.
	Capped   bool
	MaxBytes int
	MaxDocs  int

	// Validator contains a validation expression that defines which
	// documents should be considered valid for this collection.
	Validator interface{}

	// ValidationLevel may be set to "strict" (the default) to force
	// MongoDB to validate all documents on inserts and updates, to
	// "moderate" to apply the validation rules only to documents
	// that already fulfill the validation criteria, or to "off" for
	// disabling validation entirely.
	ValidationLevel string

	// ValidationAction determines how MongoDB handles documents that
	// violate the validation rules. It may be set to "error" (the default)
	// to reject inserts or updates that violate the rules, or to "warn"
	// to log invalid operations but allow them to proceed.
	ValidationAction string

	// StorageEngine allows specifying collection options for the
	// storage engine in use. The map keys must hold the storage engine
	// name for which options are being specified.
	StorageEngine interface{}
	// Specifies the default collation for the collection.
	// Collation allows users to specify language-specific rules for string
	// comparison, such as rules for lettercase and accent marks.
	Collation *Collation
}

// Create explicitly creates the c collection with details of info.
// MongoDB creates collections automatically on use, so this method
// is only necessary when creating collection with non-default
// characteristics, such as capped collections.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/createCollection+Command
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Capped+Collections
//
func (c *Collection) Create(info *CollectionInfo) error {
	cmd := make(bson.D, 0, 4)
	cmd = append(cmd, bson.DocElem{Name: "create", Value: c.Name})
	if info.Capped {
		if info.MaxBytes < 1 {
			return fmt.Errorf("Collection.Create: with Capped, MaxBytes must also be set")
		}
		cmd = append(cmd, bson.DocElem{Name: "capped", Value: true})
		cmd = append(cmd, bson.DocElem{Name: "size", Value: info.MaxBytes})
		if info.MaxDocs > 0 {
			cmd = append(cmd, bson.DocElem{Name: "max", Value: info.MaxDocs})
		}
	}
	if info.DisableIdIndex {
		cmd = append(cmd, bson.DocElem{Name: "autoIndexId", Value: false})
	}
	if info.ForceIdIndex {
		cmd = append(cmd, bson.DocElem{Name: "autoIndexId", Value: true})
	}
	if info.Validator != nil {
		cmd = append(cmd, bson.DocElem{Name: "validator", Value: info.Validator})
	}
	if info.ValidationLevel != "" {
		cmd = append(cmd, bson.DocElem{Name: "validationLevel", Value: info.ValidationLevel})
	}
	if info.ValidationAction != "" {
		cmd = append(cmd, bson.DocElem{Name: "validationAction", Value: info.ValidationAction})
	}
	if info.StorageEngine != nil {
		cmd = append(cmd, bson.DocElem{Name: "storageEngine", Value: info.StorageEngine})
	}
	if info.Collation != nil {
		cmd = append(cmd, bson.DocElem{Name: "collation", Value: info.Collation})
	}

	return c.Database.Run(cmd, nil)
}

// Batch sets the batch size used when fetching documents from the database.
// It's possible to change this setting on a per-session basis as well, using
// the Batch method of Session.
//
// The default batch size is defined by the database itself.  As of this
// writing, MongoDB will use an initial size of min(100 docs, 4MB) on the
// first batch, and 4MB on remaining ones.
func (q *Query) Batch(n int) *Query {
	if n == 1 {
		// Server interprets 1 as -1 and closes the cursor (!?)
		n = 2
	}
	q.m.Lock()
	q.op.limit = int32(n)
	q.m.Unlock()
	return q
}

// Prefetch sets the point at which the next batch of results will be requested.
// When there are p*batch_size remaining documents cached in an Iter, the next
// batch will be requested in background. For instance, when using this:
//
//     query.Batch(200).Prefetch(0.25)
//
// and there are only 50 documents cached in the Iter to be processed, the
// next batch of 200 will be requested. It's possible to change this setting on
// a per-session basis as well, using the SetPrefetch method of Session.
//
// The default prefetch value is 0.25.
func (q *Query) Prefetch(p float64) *Query {
	q.m.Lock()
	q.prefetch = p
	q.m.Unlock()
	return q
}

// Skip skips over the n initial documents from the query results.  Note that
// this only makes sense with capped collections where documents are naturally
// ordered by insertion time, or with sorted results.
func (q *Query) Skip(n int) *Query {
	q.m.Lock()
	q.op.skip = int32(n)
	q.m.Unlock()
	return q
}

// Limit restricts the maximum number of documents retrieved to n, and also
// changes the batch size to the same value.  Once n documents have been
// returned by Next, the following call will return ErrNotFound.
func (q *Query) Limit(n int) *Query {
	q.m.Lock()
	switch {
	case n == 1:
		q.limit = 1
		q.op.limit = -1
	case n == math.MinInt32: // -MinInt32 == -MinInt32
		q.limit = math.MaxInt32
		q.op.limit = math.MinInt32 + 1
	case n < 0:
		q.limit = int32(-n)
		q.op.limit = int32(n)
	default:
		q.limit = int32(n)
		q.op.limit = int32(n)
	}
	q.m.Unlock()
	return q
}

// Select enables selecting which fields should be retrieved for the results
// found. For example, the following query would only retrieve the name field:
//
//     err := collection.Find(nil).Select(bson.M{"name": 1}).One(&result)
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Retrieving+a+Subset+of+Fields
//
func (q *Query) Select(selector interface{}) *Query {
	q.m.Lock()
	q.op.selector = selector
	q.m.Unlock()
	return q
}

// Sort asks the database to order returned documents according to the
// provided field names. A field name may be prefixed by - (minus) for
// it to be sorted in reverse order.
//
// For example:
//
//     query1 := collection.Find(nil).Sort("firstname", "lastname")
//     query2 := collection.Find(nil).Sort("-age")
//     query3 := collection.Find(nil).Sort("$natural")
//     query4 := collection.Find(nil).Select(bson.M{"score": bson.M{"$meta": "textScore"}}).Sort("$textScore:score")
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Sorting+and+Natural+Order
//
func (q *Query) Sort(fields ...string) *Query {
	q.m.Lock()
	var order bson.D
	for _, field := range fields {
		n := 1
		var kind string
		if field != "" {
			if field[0] == '$' {
				if c := strings.Index(field, ":"); c > 1 && c < len(field)-1 {
					kind = field[1:c]
					field = field[c+1:]
				}
			}
			switch field[0] {
			case '+':
				field = field[1:]
			case '-':
				n = -1
				field = field[1:]
			}
		}
		if field == "" {
			panic("Sort: empty field name")
		}
		if kind == "textScore" {
			order = append(order, bson.DocElem{Name: field, Value: bson.M{"$meta": kind}})
		} else {
			order = append(order, bson.DocElem{Name: field, Value: n})
		}
	}
	q.op.options.OrderBy = order
	q.op.hasOptions = true
	q.m.Unlock()
	return q
}

// Collation allows to specify language-specific rules for string comparison,
// such as rules for lettercase and accent marks.
// When specifying collation, the locale field is mandatory; all other collation
// fields are optional
//
// For example, to perform a case and diacritic insensitive query:
//
//     var res []bson.M
//     collation := &mgo.Collation{Locale: "en", Strength: 1}
//     err = db.C("mycoll").Find(bson.M{"a": "a"}).Collation(collation).All(&res)
//     if err != nil {
//       return err
//     }
//
// This query will match following documents:
//
//     {"a": "a"}
//     {"a": "A"}
//     {"a": "â"}
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//      https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/collation/
//
func (q *Query) Collation(collation *Collation) *Query {
	q.m.Lock()
	q.op.options.Collation = collation
	q.op.hasOptions = true
	q.m.Unlock()
	return q
}

// Explain returns a number of details about how the MongoDB server would
// execute the requested query, such as the number of objects examined,
// the number of times the read lock was yielded to allow writes to go in,
// and so on.
//
// For example:
//
//     m := bson.M{}
//     err := collection.Find(bson.M{"filename": name}).Explain(m)
//     if err == nil {
//         fmt.Printf("Explain: %#v\n", m)
//     }
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Optimization
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Query+Optimizer
//
func (q *Query) Explain(result interface{}) error {
	q.m.Lock()
	clone := &Query{session: q.session, query: q.query}
	q.m.Unlock()
	clone.op.options.Explain = true
	clone.op.hasOptions = true
	if clone.op.limit > 0 {
		clone.op.limit = -q.op.limit
	}
	iter := clone.Iter()
	if iter.Next(result) {
		return nil
	}
	return iter.Close()
}

// TODO: Add Collection.Explain. See https://goo.gl/1MDlvz.

// Hint will include an explicit "hint" in the query to force the server
// to use a specified index, potentially improving performance in some
// situations.  The provided parameters are the fields that compose the
// key of the index to be used.  For details on how the indexKey may be
// built, see the EnsureIndex method.
//
// For example:
//
//     query := collection.Find(bson.M{"firstname": "Joe", "lastname": "Winter"})
//     query.Hint("lastname", "firstname")
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Optimization
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Query+Optimizer
//
func (q *Query) Hint(indexKey ...string) *Query {
	q.m.Lock()
	keyInfo, err := parseIndexKey(indexKey)
	q.op.options.Hint = keyInfo.key
	q.op.hasOptions = true
	q.m.Unlock()
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return q
}

// SetMaxScan constrains the query to stop after scanning the specified
// number of documents.
//
// This modifier is generally used to prevent potentially long running
// queries from disrupting performance by scanning through too much data.
func (q *Query) SetMaxScan(n int) *Query {
	q.m.Lock()
	q.op.options.MaxScan = n
	q.op.hasOptions = true
	q.m.Unlock()
	return q
}

// SetMaxTime constrains the query to stop after running for the specified time.
//
// When the time limit is reached MongoDB automatically cancels the query.
// This can be used to efficiently prevent and identify unexpectedly slow queries.
//
// A few important notes about the mechanism enforcing this limit:
//
//  - Requests can block behind locking operations on the server, and that blocking
//    time is not accounted for. In other words, the timer starts ticking only after
//    the actual start of the query when it initially acquires the appropriate lock;
//
//  - Operations are interrupted only at interrupt points where an operation can be
//    safely aborted – the total execution time may exceed the specified value;
//
//  - The limit can be applied to both CRUD operations and commands, but not all
//    commands are interruptible;
//
//  - While iterating over results, computing follow up batches is included in the
//    total time and the iteration continues until the alloted time is over, but
//    network roundtrips are not taken into account for the limit.
//
//  - This limit does not override the inactive cursor timeout for idle cursors
//    (default is 10 min).
//
// This mechanism was introduced in MongoDB 2.6.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//   http://blog.mongodb.org/post/83621787773/maxtimems-and-query-optimizer-introspection-in
//
func (q *Query) SetMaxTime(d time.Duration) *Query {
	q.m.Lock()
	q.op.options.MaxTimeMS = int(d / time.Millisecond)
	q.op.hasOptions = true
	q.m.Unlock()
	return q
}

// Snapshot will force the performed query to make use of an available
// index on the _id field to prevent the same document from being returned
// more than once in a single iteration. This might happen without this
// setting in situations when the document changes in size and thus has to
// be moved while the iteration is running.
//
// Because snapshot mode traverses the _id index, it may not be used with
// sorting or explicit hints. It also cannot use any other index for the
// query.
//
// Even with snapshot mode, items inserted or deleted during the query may
// or may not be returned; that is, this mode is not a true point-in-time
// snapshot.
//
// The same effect of Snapshot may be obtained by using any unique index on
// field(s) that will not be modified (best to use Hint explicitly too).
// A non-unique index (such as creation time) may be made unique by
// appending _id to the index when creating it.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/How+to+do+Snapshotted+Queries+in+the+Mongo+Database
//
func (q *Query) Snapshot() *Query {
	q.m.Lock()
	q.op.options.Snapshot = true
	q.op.hasOptions = true
	q.m.Unlock()
	return q
}

// Comment adds a comment to the query to identify it in the database profiler output.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/meta/comment
//     http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/profile
//     http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/administration/analyzing-mongodb-performance/#database-profiling
//
func (q *Query) Comment(comment string) *Query {
	q.m.Lock()
	q.op.options.Comment = comment
	q.op.hasOptions = true
	q.m.Unlock()
	return q
}

// LogReplay enables an option that optimizes queries that are typically
// made on the MongoDB oplog for replaying it. This is an internal
// implementation aspect and most likely uninteresting for other uses.
// It has seen at least one use case, though, so it's exposed via the API.
func (q *Query) LogReplay() *Query {
	q.m.Lock()
	q.op.flags |= flagLogReplay
	q.m.Unlock()
	return q
}

func checkQueryError(fullname string, d []byte) error {
	l := len(d)
	if l < 16 {
		return nil
	}
	if d[5] == '$' && d[6] == 'e' && d[7] == 'r' && d[8] == 'r' && d[9] == '\x00' && d[4] == '\x02' {
		goto Error
	}
	if len(fullname) < 5 || fullname[len(fullname)-5:] != ".$cmd" {
		return nil
	}
	for i := 0; i+8 < l; i++ {
		if d[i] == '\x02' && d[i+1] == 'e' && d[i+2] == 'r' && d[i+3] == 'r' && d[i+4] == 'm' && d[i+5] == 's' && d[i+6] == 'g' && d[i+7] == '\x00' {
			goto Error
		}
	}
	return nil

Error:
	result := &queryError{}
	bson.Unmarshal(d, result)
	if result.Err == "" && result.ErrMsg == "" {
		return nil
	}
	if result.AssertionCode != 0 && result.Assertion != "" {
		return &QueryError{Code: result.AssertionCode, Message: result.Assertion, Assertion: true}
	}
	if result.Err != "" {
		return &QueryError{Code: result.Code, Message: result.Err}
	}
	return &QueryError{Code: result.Code, Message: result.ErrMsg}
}

// One executes the query and unmarshals the first obtained document into the
// result argument.  The result must be a struct or map value capable of being
// unmarshalled into by gobson.  This function blocks until either a result
// is available or an error happens.  For example:
//
//     err := collection.Find(bson.M{"a": 1}).One(&result)
//
// In case the resulting document includes a field named $err or errmsg, which
// are standard ways for MongoDB to return query errors, the returned err will
// be set to a *QueryError value including the Err message and the Code.  In
// those cases, the result argument is still unmarshalled into with the
// received document so that any other custom values may be obtained if
// desired.
//
func (q *Query) One(result interface{}) (err error) {
	q.m.Lock()
	session := q.session
	op := q.op // Copy.
	q.m.Unlock()

	socket, err := session.acquireSocket(true)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer socket.Release()

	op.limit = -1

	session.prepareQuery(&op)

	expectFindReply := prepareFindOp(socket, &op, 1)

	data, err := socket.SimpleQuery(&op)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if data == nil {
		return ErrNotFound
	}
	if expectFindReply {
		var findReply struct {
			Ok     bool
			Code   int
			Errmsg string
			Cursor cursorData
		}
		err = bson.Unmarshal(data, &findReply)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if !findReply.Ok && findReply.Errmsg != "" {
			return &QueryError{Code: findReply.Code, Message: findReply.Errmsg}
		}
		if len(findReply.Cursor.FirstBatch) == 0 {
			return ErrNotFound
		}
		data = findReply.Cursor.FirstBatch[0].Data
	}
	if result != nil {
		err = bson.Unmarshal(data, result)
		if err == nil {
			debugf("Query %p document unmarshaled: %#v", q, result)
		} else {
			debugf("Query %p document unmarshaling failed: %#v", q, err)
			return err
		}
	}
	return checkQueryError(op.collection, data)
}

// prepareFindOp translates op from being an old-style wire protocol query into
// a new-style find command if that's supported by the MongoDB server (3.2+).
// It returns whether to expect a find command result or not. Note op may be
// translated into an explain command, in which case the function returns false.
func prepareFindOp(socket *mongoSocket, op *queryOp, limit int32) bool {
	if socket.ServerInfo().MaxWireVersion < 4 || op.collection == "admin.$cmd" {
		return false
	}

	nameDot := strings.Index(op.collection, ".")
	if nameDot < 0 {
		panic("invalid query collection name: " + op.collection)
	}

	find := findCmd{
		Collection:      op.collection[nameDot+1:],
		Filter:          op.query,
		Projection:      op.selector,
		Sort:            op.options.OrderBy,
		Skip:            op.skip,
		Limit:           limit,
		MaxTimeMS:       op.options.MaxTimeMS,
		MaxScan:         op.options.MaxScan,
		Hint:            op.options.Hint,
		Comment:         op.options.Comment,
		Snapshot:        op.options.Snapshot,
		Collation:       op.options.Collation,
		Tailable:        op.flags&flagTailable != 0,
		AwaitData:       op.flags&flagAwaitData != 0,
		OplogReplay:     op.flags&flagLogReplay != 0,
		NoCursorTimeout: op.flags&flagNoCursorTimeout != 0,
		ReadConcern:     readLevel{level: op.readConcern},
	}

	if op.limit < 0 {
		find.BatchSize = -op.limit
		find.SingleBatch = true
	} else {
		find.BatchSize = op.limit
	}

	explain := op.options.Explain

	op.collection = op.collection[:nameDot] + ".$cmd"
	op.query = &find
	op.skip = 0
	op.limit = -1
	op.options = queryWrapper{}
	op.hasOptions = false

	if explain {
		op.query = bson.D{{Name: "explain", Value: op.query}}
		return false
	}
	return true
}

type cursorData struct {
	FirstBatch []bson.Raw `bson:"firstBatch"`
	NextBatch  []bson.Raw `bson:"nextBatch"`
	NS         string
	Id         int64
}

// findCmd holds the command used for performing queries on MongoDB 3.2+.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     https://docs.mongodb.org/master/reference/command/find/#dbcmd.find
//
type findCmd struct {
	Collection          string      `bson:"find"`
	Filter              interface{} `bson:"filter,omitempty"`
	Sort                interface{} `bson:"sort,omitempty"`
	Projection          interface{} `bson:"projection,omitempty"`
	Hint                interface{} `bson:"hint,omitempty"`
	Skip                interface{} `bson:"skip,omitempty"`
	Limit               int32       `bson:"limit,omitempty"`
	BatchSize           int32       `bson:"batchSize,omitempty"`
	SingleBatch         bool        `bson:"singleBatch,omitempty"`
	Comment             string      `bson:"comment,omitempty"`
	MaxScan             int         `bson:"maxScan,omitempty"`
	MaxTimeMS           int         `bson:"maxTimeMS,omitempty"`
	ReadConcern         readLevel   `bson:"readConcern,omitempty"`
	Max                 interface{} `bson:"max,omitempty"`
	Min                 interface{} `bson:"min,omitempty"`
	ReturnKey           bool        `bson:"returnKey,omitempty"`
	ShowRecordId        bool        `bson:"showRecordId,omitempty"`
	Snapshot            bool        `bson:"snapshot,omitempty"`
	Tailable            bool        `bson:"tailable,omitempty"`
	AwaitData           bool        `bson:"awaitData,omitempty"`
	OplogReplay         bool        `bson:"oplogReplay,omitempty"`
	NoCursorTimeout     bool        `bson:"noCursorTimeout,omitempty"`
	AllowPartialResults bool        `bson:"allowPartialResults,omitempty"`
	Collation           *Collation  `bson:"collation,omitempty"`
}

// readLevel provides the nested "level: majority" serialisation needed for the
// query read concern.
type readLevel struct {
	level string `bson:"level,omitempty"`
}

// getMoreCmd holds the command used for requesting more query results on MongoDB 3.2+.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     https://docs.mongodb.org/master/reference/command/getMore/#dbcmd.getMore
//
type getMoreCmd struct {
	CursorId   int64  `bson:"getMore"`
	Collection string `bson:"collection"`
	BatchSize  int32  `bson:"batchSize,omitempty"`
	MaxTimeMS  int64  `bson:"maxTimeMS,omitempty"`
}

// run duplicates the behavior of collection.Find(query).One(&result)
// as performed by Database.Run, specializing the logic for running
// database commands on a given socket.
func (db *Database) run(socket *mongoSocket, cmd, result interface{}) (err error) {
	// Database.Run:
	if name, ok := cmd.(string); ok {
		cmd = bson.D{{Name: name, Value: 1}}
	}

	// Collection.Find:
	session := db.Session
	session.m.RLock()
	op := session.queryConfig.op // Copy.
	session.m.RUnlock()
	op.query = cmd
	op.collection = db.Name + ".$cmd"

	// Query.One:
	session.prepareQuery(&op)
	op.limit = -1

	data, err := socket.SimpleQuery(&op)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if data == nil {
		return ErrNotFound
	}
	if result != nil {
		err = bson.Unmarshal(data, result)
		if err != nil {
			debugf("Run command unmarshaling failed: %#v", op, err)
			return err
		}
		if globalDebug && globalLogger != nil {
			var res bson.M
			bson.Unmarshal(data, &res)
			debugf("Run command unmarshaled: %#v, result: %#v", op, res)
		}
	}
	return checkQueryError(op.collection, data)
}

// The DBRef type implements support for the database reference MongoDB
// convention as supported by multiple drivers.  This convention enables
// cross-referencing documents between collections and databases using
// a structure which includes a collection name, a document id, and
// optionally a database name.
//
// See the FindRef methods on Session and on Database.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Database+References
//
type DBRef struct {
	Collection string      `bson:"$ref"`
	Id         interface{} `bson:"$id"`
	Database   string      `bson:"$db,omitempty"`
}

// NOTE: Order of fields for DBRef above does matter, per documentation.

// FindRef returns a query that looks for the document in the provided
// reference. If the reference includes the DB field, the document will
// be retrieved from the respective database.
//
// See also the DBRef type and the FindRef method on Session.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Database+References
//
func (db *Database) FindRef(ref *DBRef) *Query {
	var c *Collection
	if ref.Database == "" {
		c = db.C(ref.Collection)
	} else {
		c = db.Session.DB(ref.Database).C(ref.Collection)
	}
	return c.FindId(ref.Id)
}

// FindRef returns a query that looks for the document in the provided
// reference. For a DBRef to be resolved correctly at the session level
// it must necessarily have the optional DB field defined.
//
// See also the DBRef type and the FindRef method on Database.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Database+References
//
func (s *Session) FindRef(ref *DBRef) *Query {
	if ref.Database == "" {
		panic(fmt.Errorf("Can't resolve database for %#v", ref))
	}
	c := s.DB(ref.Database).C(ref.Collection)
	return c.FindId(ref.Id)
}

// CollectionNames returns the collection names present in the db database.
func (db *Database) CollectionNames() (names []string, err error) {
	// Clone session and set it to Monotonic mode so that the server
	// used for the query may be safely obtained afterwards, if
	// necessary for iteration when a cursor is received.
	cloned := db.Session.nonEventual()
	defer cloned.Close()

	batchSize := int(cloned.queryConfig.op.limit)

	// Try with a command.
	var result struct {
		Collections []bson.Raw
		Cursor      cursorData
	}
	err = db.With(cloned).Run(bson.D{{Name: "listCollections", Value: 1}, {Name: "cursor", Value: bson.D{{Name: "batchSize", Value: batchSize}}}}, &result)
	if err == nil {
		firstBatch := result.Collections
		if firstBatch == nil {
			firstBatch = result.Cursor.FirstBatch
		}
		var iter *Iter
		ns := strings.SplitN(result.Cursor.NS, ".", 2)
		if len(ns) < 2 {
			iter = db.With(cloned).C("").NewIter(nil, firstBatch, result.Cursor.Id, nil)
		} else {
			iter = cloned.DB(ns[0]).C(ns[1]).NewIter(nil, firstBatch, result.Cursor.Id, nil)
		}
		var coll struct{ Name string }
		for iter.Next(&coll) {
			names = append(names, coll.Name)
		}
		if err := iter.Close(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		sort.Strings(names)
		return names, err
	}
	if err != nil && !isNoCmd(err) {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Command not yet supported. Query the database instead.
	nameIndex := len(db.Name) + 1
	iter := db.C("system.namespaces").Find(nil).Iter()
	var coll struct{ Name string }
	for iter.Next(&coll) {
		if strings.Index(coll.Name, "$") < 0 || strings.Index(coll.Name, ".oplog.$") >= 0 {
			names = append(names, coll.Name[nameIndex:])
		}
	}
	if err := iter.Close(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	sort.Strings(names)
	return names, nil
}

type dbNames struct {
	Databases []struct {
		Name  string
		Empty bool
	}
}

// DatabaseNames returns the names of non-empty databases present in the cluster.
func (s *Session) DatabaseNames() (names []string, err error) {
	var result dbNames
	err = s.Run("listDatabases", &result)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	for _, db := range result.Databases {
		if !db.Empty {
			names = append(names, db.Name)
		}
	}
	sort.Strings(names)
	return names, nil
}

// Iter executes the query and returns an iterator capable of going over all
// the results. Results will be returned in batches of configurable
// size (see the Batch method) and more documents will be requested when a
// configurable number of documents is iterated over (see the Prefetch method).
func (q *Query) Iter() *Iter {
	q.m.Lock()
	session := q.session
	op := q.op
	prefetch := q.prefetch
	limit := q.limit
	q.m.Unlock()

	iter := &Iter{
		session:  session,
		prefetch: prefetch,
		limit:    limit,
		timeout:  -1,
	}
	iter.gotReply.L = &iter.m
	iter.op.collection = op.collection
	iter.op.limit = op.limit
	iter.op.replyFunc = iter.replyFunc()
	iter.docsToReceive++

	socket, err := session.acquireSocket(true)
	if err != nil {
		iter.err = err
		return iter
	}
	defer socket.Release()

	session.prepareQuery(&op)
	op.replyFunc = iter.op.replyFunc

	if prepareFindOp(socket, &op, limit) {
		iter.isFindCmd = true
	}

	iter.server = socket.Server()
	err = socket.Query(&op)
	if err != nil {
		// Must lock as the query is already out and it may call replyFunc.
		iter.m.Lock()
		iter.err = err
		iter.m.Unlock()
	}

	return iter
}

// Tail returns a tailable iterator. Unlike a normal iterator, a
// tailable iterator may wait for new values to be inserted in the
// collection once the end of the current result set is reached,
// A tailable iterator may only be used with capped collections.
//
// The timeout parameter indicates how long Next will block waiting
// for a result before timing out.  If set to -1, Next will not
// timeout, and will continue waiting for a result for as long as
// the cursor is valid and the session is not closed. If set to 0,
// Next times out as soon as it reaches the end of the result set.
// Otherwise, Next will wait for at least the given number of
// seconds for a new document to be available before timing out.
//
// On timeouts, Next will unblock and return false, and the Timeout
// method will return true if called. In these cases, Next may still
// be called again on the same iterator to check if a new value is
// available at the current cursor position, and again it will block
// according to the specified timeoutSecs. If the cursor becomes
// invalid, though, both Next and Timeout will return false and
// the query must be restarted.
//
// The following example demonstrates timeout handling and query
// restarting:
//
//    iter := collection.Find(nil).Sort("$natural").Tail(5 * time.Second)
//    for {
//         for iter.Next(&result) {
//             fmt.Println(result.Id)
//             lastId = result.Id
//         }
//         if iter.Err() != nil {
//             return iter.Close()
//         }
//         if iter.Timeout() {
//             continue
//         }
//         query := collection.Find(bson.M{"_id": bson.M{"$gt": lastId}})
//         iter = query.Sort("$natural").Tail(5 * time.Second)
//    }
//    iter.Close()
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Tailable+Cursors
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Capped+Collections
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Sorting+and+Natural+Order
//
func (q *Query) Tail(timeout time.Duration) *Iter {
	q.m.Lock()
	session := q.session
	op := q.op
	prefetch := q.prefetch
	q.m.Unlock()

	iter := &Iter{session: session, prefetch: prefetch}
	iter.gotReply.L = &iter.m
	iter.timeout = timeout
	iter.op.collection = op.collection
	iter.op.limit = op.limit
	iter.op.replyFunc = iter.replyFunc()
	iter.docsToReceive++
	session.prepareQuery(&op)
	op.replyFunc = iter.op.replyFunc
	op.flags |= flagTailable | flagAwaitData

	socket, err := session.acquireSocket(true)
	if err != nil {
		iter.err = err
	} else {
		iter.server = socket.Server()
		err = socket.Query(&op)
		if err != nil {
			// Must lock as the query is already out and it may call replyFunc.
			iter.m.Lock()
			iter.err = err
			iter.m.Unlock()
		}
		socket.Release()
	}
	return iter
}

func (s *Session) prepareQuery(op *queryOp) {
	s.m.RLock()
	op.mode = s.consistency
	if s.slaveOk {
		op.flags |= flagSlaveOk
	}
	s.m.RUnlock()
	return
}

// Err returns nil if no errors happened during iteration, or the actual
// error otherwise.
//
// In case a resulting document included a field named $err or errmsg, which are
// standard ways for MongoDB to report an improper query, the returned value has
// a *QueryError type, and includes the Err message and the Code.
func (iter *Iter) Err() error {
	iter.m.Lock()
	err := iter.err
	iter.m.Unlock()
	if err == ErrNotFound {
		return nil
	}
	return err
}

// Close kills the server cursor used by the iterator, if any, and returns
// nil if no errors happened during iteration, or the actual error otherwise.
//
// Server cursors are automatically closed at the end of an iteration, which
// means close will do nothing unless the iteration was interrupted before
// the server finished sending results to the driver. If Close is not called
// in such a situation, the cursor will remain available at the server until
// the default cursor timeout period is reached. No further problems arise.
//
// Close is idempotent. That means it can be called repeatedly and will
// return the same result every time.
//
// In case a resulting document included a field named $err or errmsg, which are
// standard ways for MongoDB to report an improper query, the returned value has
// a *QueryError type.
func (iter *Iter) Close() error {
	iter.m.Lock()
	cursorId := iter.op.cursorId
	iter.op.cursorId = 0
	err := iter.err
	iter.m.Unlock()
	if cursorId == 0 {
		if err == ErrNotFound {
			return nil
		}
		return err
	}
	socket, err := iter.acquireSocket()
	if err == nil {
		// TODO Batch kills.
		err = socket.Query(&killCursorsOp{[]int64{cursorId}})
		socket.Release()
	}

	iter.m.Lock()
	if err != nil && (iter.err == nil || iter.err == ErrNotFound) {
		iter.err = err
	} else if iter.err != ErrNotFound {
		err = iter.err
	}
	iter.m.Unlock()
	return err
}

// Done returns true only if a follow up Next call is guaranteed
// to return false.
//
// For an iterator created with Tail, Done may return false for
// an iterator that has no more data. Otherwise it's guaranteed
// to return false only if there is data or an error happened.
//
// Done may block waiting for a pending query to verify whether
// more data is actually available or not.
func (iter *Iter) Done() bool {
	iter.m.Lock()
	defer iter.m.Unlock()

	for {
		if iter.docData.Len() > 0 {
			return false
		}
		if iter.docsToReceive > 1 {
			return true
		}
		if iter.docsToReceive > 0 {
			iter.gotReply.Wait()
			continue
		}
		return iter.op.cursorId == 0
	}
}

// Timeout returns true if Next returned false due to a timeout of
// a tailable cursor. In those cases, Next may be called again to continue
// the iteration at the previous cursor position.
func (iter *Iter) Timeout() bool {
	iter.m.Lock()
	result := iter.timedout
	iter.m.Unlock()
	return result
}

// Next retrieves the next document from the result set, blocking if necessary.
// This method will also automatically retrieve another batch of documents from
// the server when the current one is exhausted, or before that in background
// if pre-fetching is enabled (see the Query.Prefetch and Session.SetPrefetch
// methods).
//
// Next returns true if a document was successfully unmarshalled onto result,
// and false at the end of the result set or if an error happened.
// When Next returns false, either the Err method or the Close method should be
// called to verify if there was an error during iteration. While both will
// return the error (or nil), Close will also release the cursor on the server.
// The Timeout method may also be called to verify if the false return value
// was caused by a timeout (no available results).
//
// For example:
//
//    iter := collection.Find(nil).Iter()
//    for iter.Next(&result) {
//        fmt.Printf("Result: %v\n", result.Id)
//    }
//    if iter.Timeout() {
//        // react to timeout
//    }
//    if err := iter.Close(); err != nil {
//        return err
//    }
//
func (iter *Iter) Next(result interface{}) bool {
	iter.m.Lock()
	iter.timedout = false
	timeout := time.Time{}
	// for a ChangeStream iterator we have to call getMore before the loop otherwise
	// we'll always return false
	if iter.isChangeStream {
		iter.getMore()
	}
	// check should we expect more data.
	for iter.err == nil && iter.docData.Len() == 0 && (iter.docsToReceive > 0 || iter.op.cursorId != 0) {
		// we should expect more data.

		// If we have yet to receive data, increment the timer until we timeout.
		if iter.docsToReceive == 0 {
			if iter.timeout >= 0 {
				if timeout.IsZero() {
					timeout = time.Now().Add(iter.timeout)
				}
				if time.Now().After(timeout) {
					iter.timedout = true
					iter.m.Unlock()
					return false
				}
			}
			// for a ChangeStream one loop i enought to declare the timeout
			if iter.isChangeStream {
				iter.timedout = true
				iter.m.Unlock()
				return false
			}
			// run a getmore to fetch more data.
			iter.getMore()
			if iter.err != nil {
				break
			}
		}
		iter.gotReply.Wait()
	}
	// We have data from the getMore.
	// Exhaust available data before reporting any errors.
	if docData, ok := iter.docData.Pop().([]byte); ok {
		close := false
		if iter.limit > 0 {
			iter.limit--
			if iter.limit == 0 {
				if iter.docData.Len() > 0 {
					iter.m.Unlock()
					panic(fmt.Errorf("data remains after limit exhausted: %d", iter.docData.Len()))
				}
				iter.err = ErrNotFound
				close = true
			}
		}
		if iter.op.cursorId != 0 && iter.err == nil {
			// we still have a live cursor and currently expect data.
			iter.docsBeforeMore--
			if iter.docsBeforeMore == -1 {
				iter.getMore()
			}
		}
		iter.m.Unlock()

		if close {
			iter.Close()
		}
		err := bson.Unmarshal(docData, result)
		if err != nil {
			debugf("Iter %p document unmarshaling failed: %#v", iter, err)
			iter.m.Lock()
			if iter.err == nil {
				iter.err = err
			}
			iter.m.Unlock()
			return false
		}
		debugf("Iter %p document unmarshaled: %#v", iter, result)
		// XXX Only have to check first document for a query error?
		err = checkQueryError(iter.op.collection, docData)
		if err != nil {
			iter.m.Lock()
			if iter.err == nil {
				iter.err = err
			}
			iter.m.Unlock()
			return false
		}
		return true
	} else if iter.err != nil {
		debugf("Iter %p returning false: %s", iter, iter.err)
		iter.m.Unlock()
		return false
	} else if iter.op.cursorId == 0 {
		iter.err = ErrNotFound
		debugf("Iter %p exhausted with cursor=0", iter)
		iter.m.Unlock()
		return false
	}

	panic("unreachable")
}

// All retrieves all documents from the result set into the provided slice
// and closes the iterator.
//
// The result argument must necessarily be the address for a slice. The slice
// may be nil or previously allocated.
//
// WARNING: Obviously, All must not be used with result sets that may be
// potentially large, since it may consume all memory until the system
// crashes. Consider building the query with a Limit clause to ensure the
// result size is bounded.
//
// For instance:
//
//    var result []struct{ Value int }
//    iter := collection.Find(nil).Limit(100).Iter()
//    err := iter.All(&result)
//    if err != nil {
//        return err
//    }
//
func (iter *Iter) All(result interface{}) error {
	resultv := reflect.ValueOf(result)
	if resultv.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
		panic("result argument must be a slice address")
	}

	slicev := resultv.Elem()

	if slicev.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
		slicev = slicev.Elem()
	}
	if slicev.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
		panic("result argument must be a slice address")
	}

	slicev = slicev.Slice(0, slicev.Cap())
	elemt := slicev.Type().Elem()
	i := 0
	for {
		if slicev.Len() == i {
			elemp := reflect.New(elemt)
			if !iter.Next(elemp.Interface()) {
				break
			}
			slicev = reflect.Append(slicev, elemp.Elem())
			slicev = slicev.Slice(0, slicev.Cap())
		} else {
			if !iter.Next(slicev.Index(i).Addr().Interface()) {
				break
			}
		}
		i++
	}
	resultv.Elem().Set(slicev.Slice(0, i))
	return iter.Close()
}

// All works like Iter.All.
func (q *Query) All(result interface{}) error {
	return q.Iter().All(result)
}

// For method is obsolete and will be removed in a future release.
// See Iter as an elegant replacement.
func (q *Query) For(result interface{}, f func() error) error {
	return q.Iter().For(result, f)
}

// For method is obsolete and will be removed in a future release.
// See Iter as an elegant replacement.
func (iter *Iter) For(result interface{}, f func() error) (err error) {
	valid := false
	v := reflect.ValueOf(result)
	if v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
		v = v.Elem()
		switch v.Kind() {
		case reflect.Map, reflect.Ptr, reflect.Interface, reflect.Slice:
			valid = v.IsNil()
		}
	}
	if !valid {
		panic("For needs a pointer to nil reference value.  See the documentation.")
	}
	zero := reflect.Zero(v.Type())
	for {
		v.Set(zero)
		if !iter.Next(result) {
			break
		}
		err = f()
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return iter.Err()
}

// acquireSocket acquires a socket from the same server that the iterator
// cursor was obtained from.
//
// WARNING: This method must not be called with iter.m locked. Acquiring the
// socket depends on the cluster sync loop, and the cluster sync loop might
// attempt actions which cause replyFunc to be called, inducing a deadlock.
func (iter *Iter) acquireSocket() (*mongoSocket, error) {
	socket, err := iter.session.acquireSocket(true)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if socket.Server() != iter.server {
		// Socket server changed during iteration. This may happen
		// with Eventual sessions, if a Refresh is done, or if a
		// monotonic session gets a write and shifts from secondary
		// to primary. Our cursor is in a specific server, though.

		iter.session.m.Lock()
		info := iter.session.dialInfo
		iter.session.m.Unlock()

		socket.Release()
		socket, _, err = iter.server.AcquireSocket(info)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		err := iter.session.socketLogin(socket)
		if err != nil {
			socket.Release()
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	return socket, nil
}

func (iter *Iter) getMore() {
	// Increment now so that unlocking the iterator won't cause a
	// different goroutine to get here as well.
	iter.docsToReceive++
	iter.m.Unlock()
	socket, err := iter.acquireSocket()
	iter.m.Lock()
	if err != nil {
		iter.err = err
		return
	}
	defer socket.Release()

	debugf("Iter %p requesting more documents", iter)
	if iter.limit > 0 {
		// The -1 below accounts for the fact docsToReceive was incremented above.
		limit := iter.limit - int32(iter.docsToReceive-1) - int32(iter.docData.Len())
		if limit < iter.op.limit {
			iter.op.limit = limit
		}
	}
	var op interface{}
	if iter.isFindCmd || iter.isChangeStream {
		op = iter.getMoreCmd()
	} else {
		op = &iter.op
	}
	if err := socket.Query(op); err != nil {
		iter.docsToReceive--
		iter.err = err
	}
}

func (iter *Iter) getMoreCmd() *queryOp {
	// TODO: Define the query statically in the Iter type, next to getMoreOp.
	nameDot := strings.Index(iter.op.collection, ".")
	if nameDot < 0 {
		panic("invalid query collection name: " + iter.op.collection)
	}

	getMore := getMoreCmd{
		CursorId:   iter.op.cursorId,
		Collection: iter.op.collection[nameDot+1:],
		BatchSize:  iter.op.limit,
	}
	if iter.maxTimeMS > 0 {
		getMore.MaxTimeMS = iter.maxTimeMS
	}

	var op queryOp
	op.collection = iter.op.collection[:nameDot] + ".$cmd"
	op.query = &getMore
	op.limit = -1
	op.replyFunc = iter.op.replyFunc
	return &op
}

type countCmd struct {
	Count     string
	Query     interface{}
	Limit     int32      `bson:",omitempty"`
	Skip      int32      `bson:",omitempty"`
	Hint      bson.D     `bson:"hint,omitempty"`
	MaxTimeMS int        `bson:"maxTimeMS,omitempty"`
	Collation *Collation `bson:"collation,omitempty"`
}

// Count returns the total number of documents in the result set.
func (q *Query) Count() (n int, err error) {
	q.m.Lock()
	session := q.session
	op := q.op
	limit := q.limit
	q.m.Unlock()

	c := strings.Index(op.collection, ".")
	if c < 0 {
		return 0, errors.New("Bad collection name: " + op.collection)
	}

	dbname := op.collection[:c]
	cname := op.collection[c+1:]
	query := op.query
	if query == nil {
		query = bson.D{}
	}
	// not checking the error because if type assertion fails, we
	// simply want a Zero bson.D
	hint, _ := q.op.options.Hint.(bson.D)
	result := struct{ N int }{}
	err = session.DB(dbname).Run(countCmd{cname, query, limit, op.skip, hint, op.options.MaxTimeMS, op.options.Collation}, &result)

	return result.N, err
}

// Count returns the total number of documents in the collection.
func (c *Collection) Count() (n int, err error) {
	return c.Find(nil).Count()
}

type distinctCmd struct {
	Collection string `bson:"distinct"`
	Key        string
	Query      interface{} `bson:",omitempty"`
}

// Distinct unmarshals into result the list of distinct values for the given key.
//
// For example:
//
//     var result []int
//     err := collection.Find(bson.M{"gender": "F"}).Distinct("age", &result)
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Aggregation
//
func (q *Query) Distinct(key string, result interface{}) error {
	q.m.Lock()
	session := q.session
	op := q.op // Copy.
	q.m.Unlock()

	c := strings.Index(op.collection, ".")
	if c < 0 {
		return errors.New("Bad collection name: " + op.collection)
	}

	dbname := op.collection[:c]
	cname := op.collection[c+1:]

	var doc struct{ Values bson.Raw }
	err := session.DB(dbname).Run(distinctCmd{cname, key, op.query}, &doc)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return doc.Values.Unmarshal(result)
}

type mapReduceCmd struct {
	Collection string `bson:"mapreduce"`
	Map        string `bson:",omitempty"`
	Reduce     string `bson:",omitempty"`
	Finalize   string `bson:",omitempty"`
	Out        interface{}
	Query      interface{} `bson:",omitempty"`
	Sort       interface{} `bson:",omitempty"`
	Scope      interface{} `bson:",omitempty"`
	Limit      int32       `bson:",omitempty"`
	Verbose    bool        `bson:",omitempty"`
}

type mapReduceResult struct {
	Results    bson.Raw
	Result     bson.Raw
	TimeMillis int64 `bson:"timeMillis"`
	Counts     struct{ Input, Emit, Output int }
	Ok         bool
	Err        string
	Timing     *MapReduceTime
}

// MapReduce used to perform Map Reduce operations
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//    https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/map-reduce/
//
type MapReduce struct {
	Map      string      // Map Javascript function code (required)
	Reduce   string      // Reduce Javascript function code (required)
	Finalize string      // Finalize Javascript function code (optional)
	Out      interface{} // Output collection name or document. If nil, results are inlined into the result parameter.
	Scope    interface{} // Optional global scope for Javascript functions
	Verbose  bool
}

// MapReduceInfo stores informations on a MapReduce operation
type MapReduceInfo struct {
	InputCount  int            // Number of documents mapped
	EmitCount   int            // Number of times reduce called emit
	OutputCount int            // Number of documents in resulting collection
	Database    string         // Output database, if results are not inlined
	Collection  string         // Output collection, if results are not inlined
	Time        int64          // Time to run the job, in nanoseconds
	VerboseTime *MapReduceTime // Only defined if Verbose was true
}

// MapReduceTime stores execution time of a MapReduce operation
type MapReduceTime struct {
	Total    int64 // Total time, in nanoseconds
	Map      int64 `bson:"mapTime"`  // Time within map function, in nanoseconds
	EmitLoop int64 `bson:"emitLoop"` // Time within the emit/map loop, in nanoseconds
}

// MapReduce executes a map/reduce job for documents covered by the query.
// That kind of job is suitable for very flexible bulk aggregation of data
// performed at the server side via Javascript functions.
//
// Results from the job may be returned as a result of the query itself
// through the result parameter in case they'll certainly fit in memory
// and in a single document.  If there's the possibility that the amount
// of data might be too large, results must be stored back in an alternative
// collection or even a separate database, by setting the Out field of the
// provided MapReduce job.  In that case, provide nil as the result parameter.
//
// These are some of the ways to set Out:
//
//     nil
//         Inline results into the result parameter.
//
//     bson.M{"replace": "mycollection"}
//         The output will be inserted into a collection which replaces any
//         existing collection with the same name.
//
//     bson.M{"merge": "mycollection"}
//         This option will merge new data into the old output collection. In
//         other words, if the same key exists in both the result set and the
//         old collection, the new key will overwrite the old one.
//
//     bson.M{"reduce": "mycollection"}
//         If documents exist for a given key in the result set and in the old
//         collection, then a reduce operation (using the specified reduce
//         function) will be performed on the two values and the result will be
//         written to the output collection. If a finalize function was
//         provided, this will be run after the reduce as well.
//
//     bson.M{...., "db": "mydb"}
//         Any of the above options can have the "db" key included for doing
//         the respective action in a separate database.
//
// The following is a trivial example which will count the number of
// occurrences of a field named n on each document in a collection, and
// will return results inline:
//
//     job := &mgo.MapReduce{
//             Map:      "function() { emit(this.n, 1) }",
//             Reduce:   "function(key, values) { return Array.sum(values) }",
//     }
//     var result []struct { Id int "_id"; Value int }
//     _, err := collection.Find(nil).MapReduce(job, &result)
//     if err != nil {
//         return err
//     }
//     for _, item := range result {
//         fmt.Println(item.Value)
//     }
//
// This function is compatible with MongoDB 1.7.4+.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/MapReduce
//
func (q *Query) MapReduce(job *MapReduce, result interface{}) (info *MapReduceInfo, err error) {
	q.m.Lock()
	session := q.session
	op := q.op // Copy.
	limit := q.limit
	q.m.Unlock()

	c := strings.Index(op.collection, ".")
	if c < 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("Bad collection name: " + op.collection)
	}

	dbname := op.collection[:c]
	cname := op.collection[c+1:]

	cmd := mapReduceCmd{
		Collection: cname,
		Map:        job.Map,
		Reduce:     job.Reduce,
		Finalize:   job.Finalize,
		Out:        fixMROut(job.Out),
		Scope:      job.Scope,
		Verbose:    job.Verbose,
		Query:      op.query,
		Sort:       op.options.OrderBy,
		Limit:      limit,
	}

	if cmd.Out == nil {
		cmd.Out = bson.D{{Name: "inline", Value: 1}}
	}

	var doc mapReduceResult
	err = session.DB(dbname).Run(&cmd, &doc)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if doc.Err != "" {
		return nil, errors.New(doc.Err)
	}

	info = &MapReduceInfo{
		InputCount:  doc.Counts.Input,
		EmitCount:   doc.Counts.Emit,
		OutputCount: doc.Counts.Output,
		Time:        doc.TimeMillis * 1e6,
	}

	if doc.Result.Kind == 0x02 {
		err = doc.Result.Unmarshal(&info.Collection)
		info.Database = dbname
	} else if doc.Result.Kind == 0x03 {
		var v struct{ Collection, Db string }
		err = doc.Result.Unmarshal(&v)
		info.Collection = v.Collection
		info.Database = v.Db
	}

	if doc.Timing != nil {
		info.VerboseTime = doc.Timing
		info.VerboseTime.Total *= 1e6
		info.VerboseTime.Map *= 1e6
		info.VerboseTime.EmitLoop *= 1e6
	}

	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if result != nil {
		return info, doc.Results.Unmarshal(result)
	}
	return info, nil
}

// The "out" option in the MapReduce command must be ordered. This was
// found after the implementation was accepting maps for a long time,
// so rather than breaking the API, we'll fix the order if necessary.
// Details about the order requirement may be seen in MongoDB's code:
//
//     http://goo.gl/L8jwJX
//
func fixMROut(out interface{}) interface{} {
	outv := reflect.ValueOf(out)
	if outv.Kind() != reflect.Map || outv.Type().Key() != reflect.TypeOf("") {
		return out
	}
	outs := make(bson.D, outv.Len())

	outTypeIndex := -1
	for i, k := range outv.MapKeys() {
		ks := k.String()
		outs[i].Name = ks
		outs[i].Value = outv.MapIndex(k).Interface()
		switch ks {
		case "normal", "replace", "merge", "reduce", "inline":
			outTypeIndex = i
		}
	}
	if outTypeIndex > 0 {
		outs[0], outs[outTypeIndex] = outs[outTypeIndex], outs[0]
	}
	return outs
}

// Change holds fields for running a findAndModify MongoDB command via
// the Query.Apply method.
type Change struct {
	Update    interface{} // The update document
	Upsert    bool        // Whether to insert in case the document isn't found
	Remove    bool        // Whether to remove the document found rather than updating
	ReturnNew bool        // Should the modified document be returned rather than the old one
}

type findModifyCmd struct {
	Collection                  string      `bson:"findAndModify"`
	Query, Update, Sort, Fields interface{} `bson:",omitempty"`
	Upsert, Remove, New         bool        `bson:",omitempty"`
	WriteConcern                interface{} `bson:"writeConcern"`
}

type valueResult struct {
	Value        bson.Raw
	LastError    LastError         `bson:"lastErrorObject"`
	ConcernError writeConcernError `bson:"writeConcernError"`
}

// Apply runs the findAndModify MongoDB command, which allows updating, upserting
// or removing a document matching a query and atomically returning either the old
// version (the default) or the new version of the document (when ReturnNew is true).
// If no objects are found Apply returns ErrNotFound.
//
// If the session is in safe mode, the LastError result will be returned as err.
//
// The Sort and Select query methods affect the result of Apply.  In case
// multiple documents match the query, Sort enables selecting which document to
// act upon by ordering it first.  Select enables retrieving only a selection
// of fields of the new or old document.
//
// This simple example increments a counter and prints its new value:
//
//     change := mgo.Change{
//             Update: bson.M{"$inc": bson.M{"n": 1}},
//             ReturnNew: true,
//     }
//     info, err = col.Find(M{"_id": id}).Apply(change, &doc)
//     fmt.Println(doc.N)
//
// This method depends on MongoDB >= 2.0 to work properly.
//
// Relevant documentation:
//
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/findAndModify+Command
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Updating
//     http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Atomic+Operations
//
func (q *Query) Apply(change Change, result interface{}) (info *ChangeInfo, err error) {
	q.m.Lock()
	session := q.session
	op := q.op // Copy.
	q.m.Unlock()

	c := strings.Index(op.collection, ".")
	if c < 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("bad collection name: " + op.collection)
	}

	dbname := op.collection[:c]
	cname := op.collection[c+1:]

	// https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/findAndModify/#dbcmd.findAndModify
	session.m.RLock()
	safeOp := session.safeOp
	session.m.RUnlock()
	var writeConcern interface{}
	if safeOp == nil {
		writeConcern = bson.D{{Name: "w", Value: 0}}
	} else {
		writeConcern = safeOp.query.(*getLastError)
	}

	cmd := findModifyCmd{
		Collection:   cname,
		Update:       change.Update,
		Upsert:       change.Upsert,
		Remove:       change.Remove,
		New:          change.ReturnNew,
		Query:        op.query,
		Sort:         op.options.OrderBy,
		Fields:       op.selector,
		WriteConcern: writeConcern,
	}

	session = session.Clone()
	defer session.Close()
	session.SetMode(Strong, false)

	var doc valueResult
	for i := 0; i < maxUpsertRetries; i++ {
		err = session.DB(dbname).Run(&cmd, &doc)
		if err == nil {
			break
		}
		if change.Upsert && IsDup(err) && i+1 < maxUpsertRetries {
			// Retry duplicate key errors on upserts.
			// https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.2/reference/method/db.collection.update/#use-unique-indexes
			continue
		}
		if qerr, ok := err.(*QueryError); ok && qerr.Message == "No matching object found" {
			return nil, ErrNotFound
		}
		return nil, err
	}
	if doc.LastError.N == 0 {
		return nil, ErrNotFound
	}
	if doc.Value.Kind != 0x0A && result != nil {
		err = doc.Value.Unmarshal(result)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	info = &ChangeInfo{}
	lerr := &doc.LastError
	if lerr.UpdatedExisting {
		info.Updated = lerr.N
		info.Matched = lerr.N
	} else if change.Remove {
		info.Removed = lerr.N
		info.Matched = lerr.N
	} else if change.Upsert {
		info.UpsertedId = lerr.UpsertedId
	}
	if doc.ConcernError.Code != 0 {
		var lerr LastError
		e := doc.ConcernError
		lerr.Code = e.Code
		lerr.Err = e.ErrMsg
		err = &lerr
		return info, err
	}
	return info, nil
}

// The BuildInfo type encapsulates details about the running MongoDB server.
//
// Note that the VersionArray field was introduced in MongoDB 2.0+, but it is
// internally assembled from the Version information for previous versions.
// In both cases, VersionArray is guaranteed to have at least 4 entries.
type BuildInfo struct {
	Version        string
	VersionArray   []int  `bson:"versionArray"` // On MongoDB 2.0+; assembled from Version otherwise
	GitVersion     string `bson:"gitVersion"`
	OpenSSLVersion string `bson:"OpenSSLVersion"`
	SysInfo        string `bson:"sysInfo"` // Deprecated and empty on MongoDB 3.2+.
	Bits           int
	Debug          bool
	MaxObjectSize  int `bson:"maxBsonObjectSize"`
}

// VersionAtLeast returns whether the BuildInfo version is greater than or
// equal to the provided version number. If more than one number is
// provided, numbers will be considered as major, minor, and so on.
func (bi *BuildInfo) VersionAtLeast(version ...int) bool {
	for i, vi := range version {
		if i == len(bi.VersionArray) {
			return false
		}
		if bivi := bi.VersionArray[i]; bivi != vi {
			return bivi >= vi
		}
	}
	return true
}

// BuildInfo retrieves the version and other details about the
// running MongoDB server.
func (s *Session) BuildInfo() (info BuildInfo, err error) {
	err = s.Run(bson.D{{Name: "buildInfo", Value: "1"}}, &info)
	if len(info.VersionArray) == 0 {
		for _, a := range strings.Split(info.Version, ".") {
			i, err := strconv.Atoi(a)
			if err != nil {
				break
			}
			info.VersionArray = append(info.VersionArray, i)
		}
	}
	for len(info.VersionArray) < 4 {
		info.VersionArray = append(info.VersionArray, 0)
	}
	if i := strings.IndexByte(info.GitVersion, ' '); i >= 0 {
		// Strip off the " modules: enterprise" suffix. This is a _git version_.
		// That information may be moved to another field if people need it.
		info.GitVersion = info.GitVersion[:i]
	}
	if info.SysInfo == "deprecated" {
		info.SysInfo = ""
	}
	return
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Internal session handling helpers.

func (s *Session) acquireSocket(slaveOk bool) (*mongoSocket, error) {

	// Read-only lock to check for previously reserved socket.
	s.m.RLock()
	// If there is a slave socket reserved and its use is acceptable, take it as long
	// as there isn't a master socket which would be preferred by the read preference mode.
	if s.slaveSocket != nil && s.slaveSocket.dead == nil && s.slaveOk && slaveOk && (s.masterSocket == nil || s.consistency != PrimaryPreferred && s.consistency != Monotonic) {
		socket := s.slaveSocket
		socket.Acquire()
		s.m.RUnlock()
		return socket, nil
	}
	if s.masterSocket != nil && s.masterSocket.dead == nil {
		socket := s.masterSocket
		socket.Acquire()
		s.m.RUnlock()
		return socket, nil
	}
	s.m.RUnlock()

	// No go.  We may have to request a new socket and change the session,
	// so try again but with an exclusive lock now.
	s.m.Lock()
	defer s.m.Unlock()

	if s.slaveSocket != nil && s.slaveOk && slaveOk && (s.masterSocket == nil || s.consistency != PrimaryPreferred && s.consistency != Monotonic) {
		if s.slaveSocket.dead == nil {
			s.slaveSocket.Acquire()
			return s.slaveSocket, nil
		} else {
			s.unsetSocket()
		}
	}
	if s.masterSocket != nil {
		if s.masterSocket.dead == nil {
			s.masterSocket.Acquire()
			return s.masterSocket, nil
		} else {
			s.unsetSocket()
		}
	}

	// Still not good.  We need a new socket.
	sock, err := s.cluster().AcquireSocketWithPoolTimeout(
		s.consistency,
		slaveOk && s.slaveOk,
		s.syncTimeout,
		s.queryConfig.op.serverTags,
		s.dialInfo,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Authenticate the new socket.
	if err = s.socketLogin(sock); err != nil {
		sock.Release()
		return nil, err
	}

	// Keep track of the new socket, if necessary.
	// Note that, as a special case, if the Eventual session was
	// not refreshed (s.slaveSocket != nil), it means the developer
	// asked to preserve an existing reserved socket, so we'll
	// keep a master one around too before a Refresh happens.
	if s.consistency != Eventual || s.slaveSocket != nil {
		s.setSocket(sock)
	}

	// Switch over a Monotonic session to the master.
	if !slaveOk && s.consistency == Monotonic {
		s.slaveOk = false
	}

	return sock, nil
}

// setSocket binds socket to this section.
func (s *Session) setSocket(socket *mongoSocket) {
	info := socket.Acquire()
	if info.Master {
		if s.masterSocket != nil {
			panic("setSocket(master) with existing master socket reserved")
		}
		s.masterSocket = socket
	} else {
		if s.slaveSocket != nil {
			panic("setSocket(slave) with existing slave socket reserved")
		}
		s.slaveSocket = socket
	}
}

// unsetSocket releases any slave and/or master sockets reserved.
func (s *Session) unsetSocket() {
	if s.masterSocket != nil {
		debugf("unset master socket from session %p", s)
		s.masterSocket.Release()
	}
	if s.slaveSocket != nil {
		debugf("unset slave socket from session %p", s)
		s.slaveSocket.Release()
	}
	s.masterSocket = nil
	s.slaveSocket = nil
}

func (iter *Iter) replyFunc() replyFunc {
	return func(err error, op *replyOp, docNum int, docData []byte) {
		iter.m.Lock()
		iter.docsToReceive--
		if err != nil {
			iter.err = err
			debugf("Iter %p received an error: %s", iter, err.Error())
		} else if docNum == -1 {
			debugf("Iter %p received no documents (cursor=%d).", iter, op.cursorId)
			if op != nil && op.cursorId != 0 {
				// It's a tailable cursor.
				iter.op.cursorId = op.cursorId
			} else if op != nil && op.cursorId == 0 && op.flags&1 == 1 {
				// Cursor likely timed out.
				iter.err = ErrCursor
			} else {
				iter.err = ErrNotFound
			}
		} else if iter.isFindCmd {
			debugf("Iter %p received reply document %d/%d (cursor=%d)", iter, docNum+1, int(op.replyDocs), op.cursorId)
			var findReply struct {
				Ok     bool
				Code   int
				Errmsg string
				Cursor cursorData
			}
			if err := bson.Unmarshal(docData, &findReply); err != nil {
				iter.err = err
			} else if !findReply.Ok && findReply.Errmsg != "" {
				iter.err = &QueryError{Code: findReply.Code, Message: findReply.Errmsg}
			} else if !iter.isChangeStream && len(findReply.Cursor.FirstBatch) == 0 && len(findReply.Cursor.NextBatch) == 0 {
				iter.err = ErrNotFound
			} else {
				batch := findReply.Cursor.FirstBatch
				if len(batch) == 0 {
					batch = findReply.Cursor.NextBatch
				}
				rdocs := len(batch)
				for _, raw := range batch {
					iter.docData.Push(raw.Data)
				}
				iter.docsToReceive = 0
				docsToProcess := iter.docData.Len()
				if iter.limit == 0 || int32(docsToProcess) < iter.limit {
					iter.docsBeforeMore = docsToProcess - int(iter.prefetch*float64(rdocs))
				} else {
					iter.docsBeforeMore = -1
				}
				iter.op.cursorId = findReply.Cursor.Id
			}
		} else {
			rdocs := int(op.replyDocs)
			if docNum == 0 {
				iter.docsToReceive += rdocs - 1
				docsToProcess := iter.docData.Len() + rdocs
				if iter.limit == 0 || int32(docsToProcess) < iter.limit {
					iter.docsBeforeMore = docsToProcess - int(iter.prefetch*float64(rdocs))
				} else {
					iter.docsBeforeMore = -1
				}
				iter.op.cursorId = op.cursorId
			}
			debugf("Iter %p received reply document %d/%d (cursor=%d)", iter, docNum+1, rdocs, op.cursorId)
			iter.docData.Push(docData)
		}
		iter.gotReply.Broadcast()
		iter.m.Unlock()
	}
}

type writeCmdResult struct {
	Ok        bool
	N         int
	NModified int `bson:"nModified"`
	Upserted  []struct {
		Index int
		Id    interface{} `bson:"_id"`
	}
	ConcernError writeConcernError `bson:"writeConcernError"`
	Errors       []writeCmdError   `bson:"writeErrors"`
}

type writeConcernError struct {
	Code   int
	ErrMsg string
}

type writeCmdError struct {
	Index  int
	Code   int
	ErrMsg string
}

func (r *writeCmdResult) BulkErrorCases() []BulkErrorCase {
	ecases := make([]BulkErrorCase, len(r.Errors))
	for i, err := range r.Errors {
		ecases[i] = BulkErrorCase{err.Index, &QueryError{Code: err.Code, Message: err.ErrMsg}}
	}
	return ecases
}

// writeOp runs the given modifying operation, potentially followed up
// by a getLastError command in case the session is in safe mode.  The
// LastError result is made available in lerr, and if lerr.Err is set it
// will also be returned as err.
func (c *Collection) writeOp(op interface{}, ordered bool) (lerr *LastError, err error) {
	s := c.Database.Session
	socket, err := s.acquireSocket(c.Database.Name == "local")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer socket.Release()

	s.m.RLock()
	safeOp := s.safeOp
	bypassValidation := s.bypassValidation
	s.m.RUnlock()

	if socket.ServerInfo().MaxWireVersion >= 2 {
		// Servers with a more recent write protocol benefit from write commands.
		if op, ok := op.(*insertOp); ok && len(op.documents) > 1000 {
			var lerr LastError

			// Maximum batch size is 1000. Must split out in separate operations for compatibility.
			all := op.documents
			for i := 0; i < len(all); i += 1000 {
				l := i + 1000
				if l > len(all) {
					l = len(all)
				}
				op.documents = all[i:l]
				oplerr, err := c.writeOpCommand(socket, safeOp, op, ordered, bypassValidation)
				lerr.N += oplerr.N
				lerr.modified += oplerr.modified
				if err != nil {
					for ei := range oplerr.ecases {
						oplerr.ecases[ei].Index += i
					}
					lerr.ecases = append(lerr.ecases, oplerr.ecases...)
					if op.flags&1 == 0 {
						return &lerr, err
					}
				}
			}
			if len(lerr.ecases) != 0 {
				return &lerr, lerr.ecases[0].Err
			}
			return &lerr, nil
		}
		if updateOp, ok := op.(bulkUpdateOp); ok && len(updateOp) > 1000 {
			var lerr LastError

			// Maximum batch size is 1000. Must split out in separate operations for compatibility.
			for i := 0; i < len(updateOp); i += 1000 {
				l := i + 1000
				if l > len(updateOp) {
					l = len(updateOp)
				}

				oplerr, err := c.writeOpCommand(socket, safeOp, updateOp[i:l], ordered, bypassValidation)

				lerr.N += oplerr.N
				lerr.modified += oplerr.modified
				if err != nil {
					lerr.ecases = append(lerr.ecases, BulkErrorCase{i, err})
					if ordered {
						break
					}
				}
			}
			if len(lerr.ecases) != 0 {
				return &lerr, lerr.ecases[0].Err
			}
			return &lerr, nil
		}
		if deleteOps, ok := op.(bulkDeleteOp); ok && len(deleteOps) > 1000 {
			var lerr LastError

			// Maximum batch size is 1000. Must split out in separate operations for compatibility.
			for i := 0; i < len(deleteOps); i += 1000 {
				l := i + 1000
				if l > len(deleteOps) {
					l = len(deleteOps)
				}

				oplerr, err := c.writeOpCommand(socket, safeOp, deleteOps[i:l], ordered, bypassValidation)

				lerr.N += oplerr.N
				lerr.modified += oplerr.modified
				if err != nil {
					lerr.ecases = append(lerr.ecases, BulkErrorCase{i, err})
					if ordered {
						break
					}
				}
			}
			if len(lerr.ecases) != 0 {
				return &lerr, lerr.ecases[0].Err
			}
			return &lerr, nil
		}
		return c.writeOpCommand(socket, safeOp, op, ordered, bypassValidation)
	} else if updateOps, ok := op.(bulkUpdateOp); ok {
		var lerr LastError
		for i, updateOp := range updateOps {
			oplerr, err := c.writeOpQuery(socket, safeOp, updateOp, ordered)
			lerr.N += oplerr.N
			lerr.modified += oplerr.modified
			if err != nil {
				lerr.ecases = append(lerr.ecases, BulkErrorCase{i, err})
				if ordered {
					break
				}
			}
		}
		if len(lerr.ecases) != 0 {
			return &lerr, lerr.ecases[0].Err
		}
		return &lerr, nil
	} else if deleteOps, ok := op.(bulkDeleteOp); ok {
		var lerr LastError
		for i, deleteOp := range deleteOps {
			oplerr, err := c.writeOpQuery(socket, safeOp, deleteOp, ordered)
			lerr.N += oplerr.N
			lerr.modified += oplerr.modified
			if err != nil {
				lerr.ecases = append(lerr.ecases, BulkErrorCase{i, err})
				if ordered {
					break
				}
			}
		}
		if len(lerr.ecases) != 0 {
			return &lerr, lerr.ecases[0].Err
		}
		return &lerr, nil
	}
	return c.writeOpQuery(socket, safeOp, op, ordered)
}

func (c *Collection) writeOpQuery(socket *mongoSocket, safeOp *queryOp, op interface{}, ordered bool) (lerr *LastError, err error) {
	if safeOp == nil {
		return nil, socket.Query(op)
	}

	var mutex sync.Mutex
	var replyData []byte
	var replyErr error
	mutex.Lock()
	query := *safeOp // Copy the data.
	query.collection = c.Database.Name + ".$cmd"
	query.replyFunc = func(err error, reply *replyOp, docNum int, docData []byte) {
		replyData = docData
		replyErr = err
		mutex.Unlock()
	}
	err = socket.Query(op, &query)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	mutex.Lock() // Wait.
	if replyErr != nil {
		return nil, replyErr // XXX TESTME
	}
	if hasErrMsg(replyData) {
		// Looks like getLastError itself failed.
		err = checkQueryError(query.collection, replyData)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	result := &LastError{}
	bson.Unmarshal(replyData, &result)
	debugf("Result from writing query: %#v", result)
	if result.Err != "" {
		result.ecases = []BulkErrorCase{{Index: 0, Err: result}}
		if insert, ok := op.(*insertOp); ok && len(insert.documents) > 1 {
			result.ecases[0].Index = -1
		}
		return result, result
	}
	// With MongoDB <2.6 we don't know how many actually changed, so make it the same as matched.
	result.modified = result.N
	return result, nil
}

func (c *Collection) writeOpCommand(socket *mongoSocket, safeOp *queryOp, op interface{}, ordered, bypassValidation bool) (lerr *LastError, err error) {
	var writeConcern interface{}
	if safeOp == nil {
		writeConcern = bson.D{{Name: "w", Value: 0}}
	} else {
		writeConcern = safeOp.query.(*getLastError)
	}

	var cmd bson.D
	switch op := op.(type) {
	case *insertOp:
		// http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/insert
		cmd = bson.D{
			{Name: "insert", Value: c.Name},
			{Name: "documents", Value: op.documents},
			{Name: "writeConcern", Value: writeConcern},
			{Name: "ordered", Value: op.flags&1 == 0},
		}
	case *updateOp:
		// http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/update
		cmd = bson.D{
			{Name: "update", Value: c.Name},
			{Name: "updates", Value: []interface{}{op}},
			{Name: "writeConcern", Value: writeConcern},
			{Name: "ordered", Value: ordered},
		}
	case bulkUpdateOp:
		// http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/update
		cmd = bson.D{
			{Name: "update", Value: c.Name},
			{Name: "updates", Value: op},
			{Name: "writeConcern", Value: writeConcern},
			{Name: "ordered", Value: ordered},
		}
	case *deleteOp:
		// http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/delete
		cmd = bson.D{
			{Name: "delete", Value: c.Name},
			{Name: "deletes", Value: []interface{}{op}},
			{Name: "writeConcern", Value: writeConcern},
			{Name: "ordered", Value: ordered},
		}
	case bulkDeleteOp:
		// http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/command/delete
		cmd = bson.D{
			{Name: "delete", Value: c.Name},
			{Name: "deletes", Value: op},
			{Name: "writeConcern", Value: writeConcern},
			{Name: "ordered", Value: ordered},
		}
	}
	if bypassValidation {
		cmd = append(cmd, bson.DocElem{Name: "bypassDocumentValidation", Value: true})
	}

	var result writeCmdResult
	err = c.Database.run(socket, cmd, &result)
	debugf("Write command result: %#v (err=%v)", result, err)
	ecases := result.BulkErrorCases()
	lerr = &LastError{
		UpdatedExisting: result.N > 0 && len(result.Upserted) == 0,
		N:               result.N,

		modified: result.NModified,
		ecases:   ecases,
	}
	if len(result.Upserted) > 0 {
		lerr.UpsertedId = result.Upserted[0].Id
	}
	if len(result.Errors) > 0 {
		e := result.Errors[0]
		lerr.Code = e.Code
		lerr.Err = e.ErrMsg
		err = lerr
	} else if result.ConcernError.Code != 0 {
		e := result.ConcernError
		lerr.Code = e.Code
		lerr.Err = e.ErrMsg
		err = lerr
	}

	if err == nil && safeOp == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}
	return lerr, err
}

func hasErrMsg(d []byte) bool {
	l := len(d)
	for i := 0; i+8 < l; i++ {
		if d[i] == '\x02' && d[i+1] == 'e' && d[i+2] == 'r' && d[i+3] == 'r' && d[i+4] == 'm' && d[i+5] == 's' && d[i+6] == 'g' && d[i+7] == '\x00' {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// getRFC2253NameStringFromCert converts from an ASN.1 structured representation of the certificate
// to a UTF-8 string representation(RDN) and returns it.
func getRFC2253NameStringFromCert(certificate *x509.Certificate) (string, error) {
	var RDNElements = pkix.RDNSequence{}
	_, err := asn1.Unmarshal(certificate.RawSubject, &RDNElements)
	return getRFC2253NameString(&RDNElements), err
}

// getRFC2253NameString converts from an ASN.1 structured representation of the RDNSequence
// from the certificate to a UTF-8 string representation(RDN) and returns it.
func getRFC2253NameString(RDNElements *pkix.RDNSequence) string {
	var RDNElementsString = []string{}
	var replacer = strings.NewReplacer(",", "\\,", "=", "\\=", "+", "\\+", "<", "\\<", ">", "\\>", ";", "\\;")
	//The elements in the sequence needs to be reversed when converting them
	for i := len(*RDNElements) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		var nameAndValueList = make([]string, len((*RDNElements)[i]))
		for j, attribute := range (*RDNElements)[i] {
			var shortAttributeName = rdnOIDToShortName(attribute.Type)
			if len(shortAttributeName) <= 0 {
				nameAndValueList[j] = fmt.Sprintf("%s=%X", attribute.Type.String(), attribute.Value.([]byte))
				continue
			}
			var attributeValueString = attribute.Value.(string)
			// escape leading space or #
			if strings.HasPrefix(attributeValueString, " ") || strings.HasPrefix(attributeValueString, "#") {
				attributeValueString = "\\" + attributeValueString
			}
			// escape trailing space, unless it's already escaped
			if strings.HasSuffix(attributeValueString, " ") && !strings.HasSuffix(attributeValueString, "\\ ") {
				attributeValueString = attributeValueString[:len(attributeValueString)-1] + "\\ "
			}

			// escape , = + < > # ;
			attributeValueString = replacer.Replace(attributeValueString)
			nameAndValueList[j] = fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", shortAttributeName, attributeValueString)
		}

		RDNElementsString = append(RDNElementsString, strings.Join(nameAndValueList, "+"))
	}

	return strings.Join(RDNElementsString, ",")
}

var oidsToShortNames = []struct {
	oid       asn1.ObjectIdentifier
	shortName string
}{
	{asn1.ObjectIdentifier{2, 5, 4, 3}, "CN"},
	{asn1.ObjectIdentifier{2, 5, 4, 6}, "C"},
	{asn1.ObjectIdentifier{2, 5, 4, 7}, "L"},
	{asn1.ObjectIdentifier{2, 5, 4, 8}, "ST"},
	{asn1.ObjectIdentifier{2, 5, 4, 10}, "O"},
	{asn1.ObjectIdentifier{2, 5, 4, 11}, "OU"},
	{asn1.ObjectIdentifier{2, 5, 4, 9}, "STREET"},
	{asn1.ObjectIdentifier{0, 9, 2342, 19200300, 100, 1, 25}, "DC"},
	{asn1.ObjectIdentifier{0, 9, 2342, 19200300, 100, 1, 1}, "UID"},
}

// rdnOIDToShortName returns an short name of the given RDN OID. If the OID does not have a short
// name, the function returns an empty string
func rdnOIDToShortName(oid asn1.ObjectIdentifier) string {
	for i := range oidsToShortNames {
		if oidsToShortNames[i].oid.Equal(oid) {
			return oidsToShortNames[i].shortName
		}
	}

	return ""
}