esnpy

esnpy is an out-of-the-box framework to experiment around ESN and DeepESN.
Models have been implemented in pure NumPy/SciPy, so there is no need for a powerful GPU, or any esoteric requirements.

Right now, the focus is on batch training, and feedback loops have not been taken into account.
But feel free to open a ticket a discuss about anything you need, features you want, or even help !

The documentation for the latest release is available on the github page.

Note from the author: esnpy is a small projet I initiated during my master intership, and have recently cleaned up. I might keep working on it for fun, but If you want/need a more robust framework, ReservoirPy might be the one you're searching for ;)

Getting Started

Installation

From PyPI

pip install esnpy

From source

pip install git+https://github.com/NiziL/esnpy#egg=esnpy

Use github.com/NiziL/esnpy@<tag or branch>#egg=esnpy to install from a specific branch or tag instead of main.

Quickstart

import esnpy

reservoir_builder = createBuilder()
trainer = createTrainer()
warmup, data, target = loadData()

# create the echo state network
esn = esnpy.ESN(reservoir_builder.build(), trainer)
# train it
esn.fit(warmup, data, target)
# test it
predictions = esnpy.transform(data)
print(f"error: {compute_err(target, predictions)}")

ESN and DeepESN

You can create your ESN with esnpy.ESN. The constructor needs a esnpy.Reservoir and an implementation of esnpy.train.Trainer.

esnpy.DeepESN doesn't differ a lot, it just expect a list of Reservoir and have an optional parameters mask to specify from which reservoirs the Trainer should learn. The size of mask and reservoirs must be the same.

Then, simply call fit function by passing some warm up and training data with the related targets.
Once trained, run predictions using transform.

Reservoir and ReservoirBuilder

A Reservoir can easily be initialized using the ReservoirBuilder dataclass.
For convenience, the configuration class is also a builder, exposing a build() method. This method has an optional seed parameter used to make deterministic initialization, and so to ease the comparaison of two identical reservoirs.

Parameters	Type	Description	Default
input_size	int	Size of input vectors
size	int	Number of units in the reservoir
leaky	float	Leaky parameter of the reservoir
fn	Callable	Activation function of the reservoir	np.tanh
input_bias	bool	Enable the usage of a bias in the input	True
input_init	esnpy.init.Initializer	Define how to initialize the input weights
input_tuners	list[esnpy.tune.Tuner]	Define how to tune the input weights	[]
intern_init	esnpy.init.Initializer	Define how to intialize the internal weights
intern_tuners	list[esnpy.init.Tuner]	Define how to tune the internal weights	[]

Initializer and Tuner

esnpy.init.Initializer and esnpy.tune.Tuner are the abstract base classes used to setup the input and internal weights of a reservoir.

Initializer is defined by a init() -> Matrix function. esnpy provides implementations of initializer for both uniform and gaussian distribution of weights, and for both dense and sparse matrix.

Tuner is defined by a init(matrix : Matrix) -> Matrix function, which can be used to modify the weights after initialization. For example, esnpy provides a SpectralRadiusTuner to change the spectral radius of a weights matrix.

Trainer and Reader

esnpy.train.Trainer is responsible to create the output weights matrix from the training data and targets.
It is defined by a train(inputs: Matrix, data: Matrix, target: Matrix) -> Reader function.

The Reader is then responsible for computing the final result from the reservoir activations through __call__.

esnpy provides a RidgeTrainer to compute the output weights using a ridge regression, and a SklearnTrainer (more on this one later). This trainer has three parameters : one float, the regularization parameter's weight alpha, and two optionals boolean (default to true) use_bias and use_input to control if we should use a bias and the input to compute the readout weights.

SklearnTrainer is an adapter wrapping scikit-learn model, relying on methods fit and predict. The feature is still experimental, chaos might ensure.

Code Examples

Want to see some code in action ? Take a look at the examples/ directory:

• mackey_glass.py demonstrates how to learn to predict a time series,
• trajectory_classification/ demonstrates how to learn to classify 2D trajectories.

Bibliography

Based on:

• The "echo state" approach to analysing and training recurrent neural networks by Herbert Jaeger (pdf),
• A pratical guide to applying Echo State Networks by Mantas Lukoševičius (pdf),
• Design of deep echo state networks by Claudio Gallicchio and al (link),
• Deep echo state network (DeepESN): A brief survey by Claudio Gallicchio and Alessio Micheli (pdf).

Special thanks to Mantas Lukoševičius for his minimal ESN example, which greatly helped me to get started with reservoir computing.