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@NormanDunbar
NormanDunbar committed Sep 12, 2016
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Expand Up @@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ MATCOUNT

+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Syntax || MATCOUNT (array, value) or |
| || MATCOUNT (array1, array2) |
| || MATCOUNT (array1, array2) |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Location || Math Package |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2324,7 +2324,7 @@ Visible Screen:
Blank Screen:
The specified screen is invisible to the user (allows background work to be carried out).

::
That's the definitions out of the way, and hopefully, they will provide a better understanding of what is to follow. The command::
OPEN#3,scr_448x200a32x16
Expand All @@ -2351,7 +2351,6 @@ parameters, it is easier to split it into two sections: toggling current
values and setting absolute values.

**Toggling the Screen Parameters**
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This uses the format MODE 64+n,-1, where:

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2432,24 +2431,50 @@ Changing the default screen will again take precedence to all other
changes.

**Dual Screen Examples**
.. *********** YOU ARE HERE ************************
MODE 4
change the Default Screen to MODE 4 and re-draw all currently opened
windows on the Default Screen. MODE 64+32,-1
toggle current Default Screen. MODE 64+32+16,-1
toggle current Default Screen and show to user. MODE-17791,-1
blank out Other Screen and then force it into 4-colour mode, redrawing
all windows: t = 1 + 4 m = 1\*1 + 0\*4 c = -16384 -17791 = -128 + m -
256\*t + c

::

MODE 4

change the Default Screen to MODE 4 and re-draw all currently opened
windows on the Default Screen.

::

MODE 64+32,-1

toggle current Default Screen.

::

MODE 64+32+16,-1

toggle current Default Screen and show to user.

::

MODE -17791,-1

blank out Other Screen and then force it into 4-colour mode, redrawing
all windows, Where does -17791 come from? The formula given above::

-128 + m - 256*t + c

Into which we substitute the following::
t = 1 + 4
m = 1*1 + 0*4
c = -16384

Care must however be taken when opening channels if the two screens are
in different modes - on versions of Minerva earlier than v1.97, if you
open a channel on the non-Displayed Screen, it will have the
characteristics of a window opened in the mode of the Displayed Screen
(although sadly this does not mean that you can have a MODE 4 window in
the middle of a MODE 8
screen). To ensure that the current Default Screen is the current
Displayed Screen, use: MODE -128 + DEFAULT\_SCR \* 16 - 256 \* 16, -1
the middle of a MODE 8 screen). To ensure that the current Default
Screen is the current Displayed Screen, use::

MODE -128 + DEFAULT_SCR * 16 - 256 * 16, -1

**Q-EMULATOR NOTE**

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2501,43 +2526,71 @@ MORE
| Location | MORE (DIY Toolkit - Vol V) |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

This command adds quite a sophisticated file viewing facility to the QL
which far surpasses the simple Toolkit II VIEW command. In its simplest
This command adds a quite sophisticated file viewing facility to the QL
which far surpasses the simple Toolkit II VIEW command.

In its simplest
form, MORE will open a channel to the specified filename (adding the
data default directory if the file does not exist) and display it in the
specified window channel (default #1). If #ch does not refer to a window
or is #0, then bad parameter will be reported. The file will then be
displayed in the specified channel, one window full at a time. #0 is
used by the command to display the length of the file in bytes and the
number of the last byte displayed in the window. You can move around the
file by using the following keys: <ENTER>Allows you to enter a file
position to look at (this will be the first byte displayed in the
window). <ALT><UP>This moves back up the file one page at a time.
<ALT><DOWN>This moves down the file one page at a time. <DOWN>Move down
the file one line <ESC>Leave MORE. MORE can however, also be used to
look at the QL's memory (or that on a networked computer) by using the
number of the last byte displayed in the window.

You can move around the
file by using the following keys:

- <ENTER> - Allows you to enter a file position to look at (this will be the first byte displayed in the window).
- <ALT><UP> - This moves back up the file one page at a time.
- <ALT><DOWN> - This moves down the file one page at a time.
- <DOWN> - Move down the file one line.
- <ESC> - Leave MORE.

MORE can however, also be used to look at the QL's memory (or that on a networked computer) by using the
MEM device. In this mode, only the address of the last byte on screen is
shown in #0 - there is no file length. For example: MORE #2,MEM
will allow you to use MORE to page through the whole of the QL's
memory. MORE #2,n2\_MEM
allows you to page through the whole of another computer's memory. OPEN
#3,MEM7\_60p:PRINT #3,'Hello World':CLOSE #3
creates a permanent buffer (MEM7) and stores two words in it. MORE
#2,MEM7
allows you to look at the contents of the buffer MEM7.
shown in #0 - there is no file length. For example::

MORE #2,MEM

will allow you to use MORE to page through the whole of the QL's
memory.

::

MORE #2,n2_MEM

allows you to page through the whole of another computer's memory.

::

OPEN #3,MEM7_60p: PRINT #3,'Hello World': CLOSE #3

creates a permanent buffer (MEM7) and stores two words in it. If you follow the above by::

MORE #2,MEM7

then you will be able to look at the contents of the buffer MEM7.

**NOTE**

Trying to use MORE on anything other than files or MEM
devices (for example on named pipes) will cause problems - press
devices (for example on named pipes) will cause problems - press
<CTRL><SPACE> a few times to escape from this.

**CROSS-REFERENCE**

Refer to the Devices Appendix for more details on
`MEM <KeywordsM.clean.html#mem>`__. Compare `COPY flp1\_test\_bas to
SCR <KeywordsC.clean.html#copy20flp1-test-bas20to20scr>`__ and
`VIEW <KeywordsV.clean.html#view>`__.
Refer to the Devices Appendix for more details on MEM.

Compare::

COPY flp1_test_bas to SCR

and::


VIEW flp1_test_bas


--------------

Expand All @@ -2555,11 +2608,16 @@ graphics. This was based upon an early educational tool, whereby simple
commands could be entered into a computer to drive a small robot turtle
which moved around the floor and held a pen. This pen could either be up
in which case the turtle would just move around, or down in which case a
line would be left by the turtle on the floor as it moved. When a window
line would be left by the turtle on the floor as it moved.

When a window
is first opened, an invisible turtle appears at the graphics origin
(altered with SCALE) facing to the right, with its pen in the up
position. The command MOVE forces the turtle in the specified window
position.

The command MOVE forces the turtle in the specified window
(default #1) to move in the current direction by the specified distance.

The actual distance moved on screen depends on the current SCALE
applicable to that window. If distance is negative, the turtle will move
backwards. MOVE always works from the current graphics cursor position,
Expand All @@ -2570,10 +2628,18 @@ colour, FILL and also OVER, just like any other graphics command.
**Example**

A simple procedure to draw a shape of a set number of equal length
sides: 100 DEFine PROCedure POLYGON (chan,sides,side\_length) 110 TURNTO
#chan,0: PENDOWN #chan 120 FOR k=1 TO sides 130 MOVE #chan,side\_length
140 TURN #chan,360/sides 150 END FOR k 155 PENUP #chan 160 END DEFine
Try for example, POLYGON #2,5,10.
sides::

100 DEFine PROCedure POLYGON (chan, sides, side_length)
110 TURNTO #chan,0: PENDOWN #chan
120 FOR k = 1 TO sides
130 MOVE #chan, side_length
140 TURN #chan, 360 / sides
150 END FOR k
155 PENUP #chan
160 END DEFine

Try for example, POLYGON #2,5,10.

**NOTE**

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2643,7 +2709,7 @@ MT
| Location | Toolfin |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

The function MT returns the value of (1+i):sup:`n` where i and n can be
The function MT returns the value of (1+i)\ :sup:`n` where i and n can be
any floating point numbers. Instead of reporting an overflow error for
values which cannot be computed (eg. i=-1, n=-1) MT returns 1. If the
returned value would be too large, a modulated value is returned. It is
Expand All @@ -2660,7 +2726,11 @@ ten years, you will gain 62.9% because: MT(0.05, 10) = 1.628895

**Example 2**

MT(1/n,n) approximates EXP(1) for large values of n.
::

MT(1/n,n)
approximates EXP(1) for large values of n.

**CROSS-REFERENCE**

Expand All @@ -2686,12 +2756,15 @@ machine code TRAP #1 system calls directly. Unless you are using the
second variant, you will need to pass at least one parameter, the
operation key to be carried out (this is equivalent to the value in D0
when TRAP #1 is performed). The other parameters allow you to pass the
various register values which may be required by the system calls. The
various register values which may be required by the system calls.

The
second variant is useful for when you are using a TRAP #1 call which
requires a job ID - you can merely pass the jobnr of the required job,
obtained from the JOBS list (rather than having to set D1 to the Job
ID). For example to force remove Job 12, use the command: MTRAP
5\\12,0,0
ID). For example to force remove Job 12, use the command::

MTRAP 5\12,0,0

**WARNING**

Expand Down

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