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@import url("theme.css"); | ||
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.wy-side-nav-search { | ||
background-color: #9cb7c9; | ||
background-color: #e1a7e0; | ||
} | ||
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.wy-side-nav-search>div.version { | ||
display: none; | ||
} | ||
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.wy-nav-top { | ||
background-color: #9cb7c9; | ||
background-color: #e1a7e0; | ||
} |
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.. _glacier_basics: | ||
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Introduction to glaciers | ||
======================== | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/gif/glacier.gif | ||
:width: 100% | ||
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A collection of free glacier graphics that can be used for education and | ||
outreach. | ||
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**License**: `Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/>`_ | ||
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.. figure:: https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png | ||
:target: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | ||
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Feel free to use / adapt the graphics, but always refer to the original author | ||
and do not sell them. | ||
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**Author**: Anne Maussion, `Atelier les Gros yeux <http://atelierlesgrosyeux.com>`_ | ||
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This series of graphics was designed for a talk given by | ||
`Fabien Maussion <https://fabienmaussion.info/>`_ to a general audience. He used | ||
them to explain the concepts of accumulation, ablation, equilibrium line | ||
altitude and mass movements in a glacier. | ||
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**Download**: `zip file <https://github.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/blob/master/glacier_intro/glacier_intro.zip?raw=true>`_, `gif <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/gif/glacier.gif>`_ | ||
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Single images with explanations | ||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/thumbnails/glacier_01.png | ||
:target: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/png/glacier_01.png | ||
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The first image just sets the scene and allows to explain that we are now | ||
looking at a typical mountain glacier from a cross-section along the main | ||
ice flow. | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/thumbnails/glacier_02.png | ||
:target: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/png/glacier_02.png | ||
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We then announce that we are looking at the processes at the glacier surface | ||
first. This helps to bring the focus to it first. | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/thumbnails/glacier_03.png | ||
:target: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/png/glacier_03.png | ||
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**Accumulation**: definition, which processes are at play, how you measure it, | ||
typical values... | ||
The time you want to spend on it is up to you. Note that some snow flakes | ||
now appears on the upper left corner! | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/thumbnails/glacier_04.png | ||
:target: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/png/glacier_04.png | ||
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**Ablation**: definition, which processes are at play, how you measure it, | ||
typical values... | ||
The time you want to spend on it is up to you. Note that a sun | ||
now appears on the upper right corner! | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/thumbnails/glacier_05.png | ||
:target: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/png/glacier_05.png | ||
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**Mass Balance**: definition, over which period you measure it, | ||
typical values... | ||
The time you want to spend on it is up to you. Note that the formula is now | ||
complete! | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/thumbnails/glacier_06.png | ||
:target: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/png/glacier_06.png | ||
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The imbalance between accumulation and ablation is | ||
compensated by a **movement of ice** from top to bottom. If this is where you | ||
want to bring your talk to, you can use the mass flux arrow to explain the | ||
principles of ice thickness inversion using mass conservation principles. | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/thumbnails/glacier_07.png | ||
:target: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/png/glacier_07.png | ||
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Concept of **Equilibrium Line Altitude** (ELA). | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/thumbnails/glacier_08.png | ||
:target: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/png/glacier_08.png | ||
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More accumulation and/or less ablation leads to a **decrease** of the ELA. You | ||
might want to highlight the changes in surface mass budget as well as the | ||
increased solid precipitation and/or the shaded sun. | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/thumbnails/glacier_09.png | ||
:target: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/png/glacier_09.png | ||
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This new imbalance increases the flux of ice through the glacier (hence the | ||
wider arrow) and results in a glacier advance. See the response time section | ||
below for a companion graphic. | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/thumbnails/glacier_10.png | ||
:target: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/png/glacier_10.png | ||
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Less accumulation and/or more ablation leads to an **increase** of the ELA. You | ||
might want to highlight the changes in surface mass budget as well as the | ||
decreased solid precipitation and/or the stronger sun. | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/thumbnails/glacier_11.png | ||
:target: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_intro/png/glacier_11.png | ||
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This new imbalance decreases the flux of ice through the glacier (hence the | ||
thinner arrow) and results in a glacier retreat. See :ref:`glacier_lowpass` for a companion graphic. |
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.. _glacier_lowpass: | ||
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Glacier as low-pass filters | ||
=========================== | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_response/png/tau_04.png | ||
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A collection of free glacier graphics that can be used for education and | ||
outreach. | ||
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**License**: `Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/>`_ | ||
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.. figure:: https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png | ||
:target: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | ||
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Feel free to use / adapt the graphics, but always refer to the original author | ||
and do not sell them. | ||
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**Author**: Fabien Maussion with the `OGGM <http://oggm.org>`_ model. | ||
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**Code**: `OGGM-edu <https://github.com/OGGM/oggm-edu/blob/master/gen_plots/ela_changes_response_time.ipynb>`_ | ||
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**Download**: `zip file <https://github.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/blob/master/glacier_response/glacier_response.zip>`_ | ||
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This series of graphics was used right after the graphics above to explain | ||
the concepts of **response time** (or time constant) and **low-pass filter**. | ||
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There are several stages to click through (useful for presentations): | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_response/png/tau_01.png | ||
:target: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_response/png/tau_01.png | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_response/png/tau_02.png | ||
:target: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_response/png/tau_02.png | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_response/png/tau_03.png | ||
:target: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_response/png/tau_03.png | ||
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_response/png/tau_04.png | ||
:target: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics/master/glacier_response/png/tau_04.png |
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