general_utils.py

"""Some miscellaneous utility functions."""
from contextlib import contextmanager
import os
import re
import sys
import warnings
import unittest
from fnmatch import fnmatchcase
from io import StringIO
from numbers import Number

# note: this is a Python 3.3 change, clean this up for OpenMDAO 3.x
try:
    from collections.abc import Iterable
except ImportError:
    from collections import Iterable

import numbers

import numpy as np
import openmdao

from openmdao.core.constants import INT_DTYPE
from openmdao.warnings import issue_warning, _warn_simple_format, warn_deprecation

# Certain command line tools can make use of this to allow visualization of models when errors
# are present that would normally cause setup to abort.
_ignore_errors = False


def _convert_auto_ivc_to_conn_name(conns_dict, name):
    """
    Convert name of auto_ivc val to promoted input name.

    Parameters
    ----------
    conns_dict : dict
        Dictionary of global connections.
    name : str
        Name of auto_ivc to be found.

    Returns
    -------
    str
        Promoted input name.
    """
    for key, val in conns_dict.items():
        if val == name:
            return key


def ignore_errors(flag=None):
    """
    Disable certain errors that will prevent setup from completing.

    Parameters
    ----------
    flag : bool or None
        If not None, set the value of _ignore_errors to this value.

    Returns
    -------
    bool
        The current value of _ignore_errors
    """
    global _ignore_errors
    if flag is not None:
        _ignore_errors = flag
    return _ignore_errors


def conditional_error(msg, exc=RuntimeError, category=UserWarning):
    """
    Raise an exception or issue a warning, depending on the value of _ignore_errors.

    Parameters
    ----------
    msg : str
        The error/warning message.
    exc : Exception class
        This exception class is used to create the exception to be raised.
    category : warning class
        This category is the class of warning to be issued.
    """
    if ignore_errors():
        issue_warning(msg, category=category)
    else:
        raise exc(msg)


@contextmanager
def ignore_errors_context(flag=True):
    """
    Set ignore_errors to the given flag in this context.

    Parameters
    ----------
    flag : bool
        If not None, set ignore_errors to this value.
    """
    save = ignore_errors()
    ignore_errors(flag)
    try:
        yield
    finally:
        ignore_errors(save)


def simple_warning(msg, category=UserWarning, stacklevel=2):
    """
    Display a simple warning message without the annoying extra line showing the warning call.

    Parameters
    ----------
    msg : str
        The warning message.
    category : class
        The warning class.
    stacklevel : int
        Number of levels up the stack to identify as the warning location.
    """
    warn_deprecation('simple_warning is deprecated.  Use openmdao.warnings.issue_warning instead.')
    old_format = warnings.formatwarning
    warnings.formatwarning = _warn_simple_format
    try:
        warnings.warn(msg, category, stacklevel)
    finally:
        warnings.formatwarning = old_format


def ensure_compatible(name, value, shape=None, indices=None):
    """
    Make value compatible with the specified shape or the shape of indices.

    Parameters
    ----------
    name : str
        The name of the value.
    value : float or list or tuple or ndarray or Iterable
        The value of a variable.
    shape : int or tuple or list or None
        The expected or desired shape of the value.
    indices : int or list of ints or tuple of ints or int ndarray or None
        The indices of a source variable, used to determine shape if shape is None.
        If shape is not None, the shape of the indices must match shape.

    Returns
    -------
    ndarray
        The value in a shape compatible with the specified shape and/or indices.
    tuple
        The resulting shape of the value.

    Raises
    ------
    ValueError
        If value cannot be made to conform to shape or if shape and indices
        are incompatible.
    """
    if isinstance(value, Iterable):
        value = np.asarray(value)

    if indices is not None:
        contains_slicer = _is_slicer_op(indices)
        if not contains_slicer:
            indices = np.atleast_1d(np.asarray(indices, dtype=INT_DTYPE))
            ind_shape = indices.shape
    else:
        contains_slicer = False

    # if shape is not given, infer from value (if not scalar) or indices
    if shape is not None:
        if isinstance(shape, numbers.Integral):
            shape = (shape,)
        elif isinstance(shape, list):
            shape = tuple(shape)
    elif not np.isscalar(value):
        shape = np.atleast_1d(value).shape
    elif indices is not None:
        if len(ind_shape) > 1:
            raise RuntimeError("src_indices for '%s' is not flat, so its input "
                               "shape must be provided. src_indices may contain "
                               "an extra dimension if the connected source is "
                               "not flat, making the input shape ambiguous." %
                               name)
        shape = ind_shape

    if shape is None:
        # shape is not determined, assume the shape of value was intended
        value = np.atleast_1d(value)
        shape = value.shape
    else:
        # shape is determined, if value is scalar assign it to array of shape
        # otherwise make sure value is an array of the determined shape
        if np.isscalar(value) or value.shape == (1,):
            value = np.ones(shape) * value
        else:
            value = np.atleast_1d(value).astype(np.float64)
            if value.shape != shape:
                raise ValueError("Incompatible shape for '%s': "
                                 "Expected %s but got %s." %
                                 (name, shape, value.shape))

    if indices is not None and not contains_slicer and shape != ind_shape[:len(shape)]:
        raise ValueError("Shape of indices does not match shape for '%s': "
                         "Expected %s but got %s." %
                         (name, shape, ind_shape[:len(shape)]))

    return value, shape, indices


def determine_adder_scaler(ref0, ref, adder, scaler):
    r"""
    Determine proper values of adder and scaler based on user arguments.

    Adder and Scaler are used internally because the transformation is
    slightly more efficient.

    Parameters
    ----------
    ref : float or ndarray, optional
        Value of response variable that scales to 1.0 in the driver.
    ref0 : float or ndarray, optional
        Value of response variable that scales to 0.0 in the driver.
    adder : float or ndarray, optional
        Value to add to the model value to get the scaled value. Adder
        is first in precedence.
    scaler : float or ndarray, optional
        Value to multiply the model value to get the scaled value. Scaler
        is second in precedence.

    Returns
    -------
    tuple
        adder and scaler, properly formatted and based on ref/ref0 if provided.

    Raises
    ------
    ValueError
        If both ref/ref0 and adder/scaler were provided.

    Notes
    -----
    The response can be scaled using ref and ref0.
    The argument :code:`ref0` represents the physical value when the scaled value is 0.
    The argument :code:`ref` represents the physical value when the scaled value is 1.
    """
    # Affine scaling cannot be used with scalers/adders
    if ref0 is not None or ref is not None:
        if scaler is not None or adder is not None:
            raise ValueError('Inputs ref/ref0 are mutually exclusive '
                             'with scaler/adder')
        if ref is None:
            ref = 1.0
        if ref0 is None:
            ref0 = 0.0

        # Convert ref/ref0 to scaler/adder so we can scale the bounds
        adder = -ref0
        scaler = 1.0 / (ref + adder)

    else:
        if scaler is None:
            scaler = 1.0
        if adder is None:
            adder = 0.0

    adder = format_as_float_or_array('adder', adder, val_if_none=0.0, flatten=True)
    scaler = format_as_float_or_array('scaler', scaler, val_if_none=1.0, flatten=True)

    return adder, scaler


def set_pyoptsparse_opt(optname, fallback=True):
    """
    For testing, sets the pyoptsparse optimizer using the given optimizer name.

    This may be modified based on the value of OPENMDAO_FORCE_PYOPTSPARSE_OPT.
    This can be used on systems that have SNOPT installed to force them to use
    SLSQP in order to mimic our test machines on travis and appveyor.

    Parameters
    ----------
    optname : str
        Name of pyoptsparse optimizer that is requested by the test.
    fallback : bool
        If True, fall back to SLSQP if optname can't be found

    Returns
    -------
    object
        Pyoptsparse optimizer instance.
    str
        Pyoptsparse optimizer string
    """
    OPT = None
    opt = None
    OPTIMIZER = None
    force = os.environ.get('OPENMDAO_FORCE_PYOPTSPARSE_OPT')
    if force:
        optname = force

    from unittest.mock import Mock

    try:
        from pyoptsparse import OPT

        try:
            opt = OPT(optname)
            OPTIMIZER = optname
        except Exception:
            if fallback and optname != 'SLSQP':
                try:
                    opt = OPT('SLSQP')
                    OPTIMIZER = 'SLSQP'
                except Exception:
                    pass
        else:
            if fallback and isinstance(opt, Mock):
                try:
                    opt = OPT('SLSQP')
                    OPTIMIZER = 'SLSQP'
                except Exception:
                    pass
    except Exception:
        pass

    if isinstance(opt, Mock):
        OPT = OPTIMIZER = None

    if not fallback and OPTIMIZER != optname:
        raise unittest.SkipTest("pyoptsparse is not providing %s" % optname)

    return OPT, OPTIMIZER


def format_as_float_or_array(name, values, val_if_none=0.0, flatten=False):
    """
    Format array option values.

    Checks that the given array values are either None, float, or an iterable
    of numeric values. On output all iterables of numeric values are
    converted to a flat np.ndarray. If values is scalar, it is converted
    to float.

    Parameters
    ----------
    name : str
        The path of the variable relative to the current system.
    values : float or numpy ndarray or Iterable
        Values of the array option to be formatted to the expected form.
    val_if_none : float or numpy ndarray
        The default value for the option if values is None.
    flatten : bool
        Set to True to flatten any ndarray return.

    Returns
    -------
    float or np.ndarray
        Values transformed to the expected form.

    Raises
    ------
    ValueError
        If values is Iterable but cannot be converted to a numpy ndarray
    TypeError
        If values is scalar, not None, and not a Number.
    """
    # Convert adder to ndarray/float as necessary
    if isinstance(values, np.ndarray):
        if flatten:
            values = values.flatten()
    elif not isinstance(values, str) \
            and isinstance(values, Iterable):
        values = np.asarray(values, dtype=float)
        if flatten:
            values = values.flatten()
    elif values is None:
        values = val_if_none
    elif values == float('inf'):
        values = openmdao.INF_BOUND
    elif values == -float('inf'):
        values = -openmdao.INF_BOUND
    elif isinstance(values, numbers.Number):
        values = float(values)
    else:
        raise TypeError('Expected values of {0} to be an Iterable of '
                        'numeric values, or a scalar numeric value. '
                        'Got {1} instead.'.format(name, values))
    return values


class ContainsAll(object):
    """
    A fake dictionary that always reports __contains__(name) to be True.
    """

    def __contains__(self, name):
        """
        Return if the named object is contained.

        Parameters
        ----------
        name : str
            Name of the object being looked up.

        Returns
        -------
        bool
            Always returns True.
        """
        return True


def all_ancestors(pathname, delim='.'):
    """
    Return a generator of pathnames of the starting object and all of its parents.

    Pathnames are ordered from longest to shortest.

    Parameters
    ----------
    pathname : str
        Pathname of starting object.
    delim : str
        Delimiter used to split the name
    """
    parts = pathname.split(delim)
    for i in range(len(parts), 0, -1):
        yield delim.join(parts[:i])


def find_matches(pattern, var_list):
    """
    Return list of variable names that match given pattern.

    Parameters
    ----------
    pattern : str
        String pattern
    var_list : list of str
        List of variable names to search for pattern.

    Returns
    -------
    list
        Variable names that match pattern.
    """
    if pattern == '*':
        return var_list
    elif pattern in var_list:
        return [pattern]
    return [name for name in var_list if fnmatchcase(name, pattern)]


def pad_name(name, pad_num=10, quotes=False):
    """
    Pad a string so that they all line up when stacked.

    Parameters
    ----------
    name : str
        The string to pad.
    pad_num : int
        The number of total spaces the string should take up.
    quotes : bool
        If name should be quoted.

    Returns
    -------
    str
        Padded string
    """
    l_name = len(name)
    quotes_len = 2 if quotes else 0
    if l_name + quotes_len < pad_num:
        pad = pad_num - (l_name + quotes_len)
        if quotes:
            pad_str = "'{name}'{sep:<{pad}}"
        else:
            pad_str = "{name}{sep:<{pad}}"
        pad_name = pad_str.format(name=name, sep='', pad=pad)
        return pad_name
    else:
        if quotes:
            return "'{0}'".format(name)
        else:
            return '{0}'.format(name)


def run_model(prob, ignore_exception=False):
    """
    Call `run_model` on problem and capture output.

    Parameters
    ----------
    prob : Problem
        an instance of Problem
    ignore_exception : bool
        Set to True to ignore an exception of any kind.

    Returns
    -------
    string
        output from calling `run_model` on the Problem, captured from stdout
    """
    stdout = sys.stdout
    strout = StringIO()

    sys.stdout = strout
    try:
        prob.run_model()
    except Exception as err:
        if not ignore_exception:
            raise err
    finally:
        sys.stdout = stdout

    return strout.getvalue()


def run_driver(prob):
    """
    Call `run_driver` on problem and capture output.

    Parameters
    ----------
    prob : Problem
        an instance of Problem

    Returns
    -------
    boolean
        Failure flag; True if failed to converge, False is successful.
    string
        output from calling `run_driver` on the Problem, captured from stdout
    """
    stdout = sys.stdout
    strout = StringIO()

    sys.stdout = strout
    try:
        failed = prob.run_driver()
    finally:
        sys.stdout = stdout

    return failed, strout.getvalue()


@contextmanager
def printoptions(*args, **kwds):
    """
    Context manager for setting numpy print options.

    Set print options for the scope of the `with` block, and restore the old
    options at the end. See `numpy.set_printoptions` for the full description of
    available options. If any invalid options are specified, they will be ignored.

    Parameters
    ----------
    *args : list
        Variable-length argument list.
    **kwds : dict
        Arbitrary keyword arguments.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> with printoptions(precision=2):
    ...     print(np.array([2.0])) / 3
    [0.67]
    The `as`-clause of the `with`-statement gives the current print options:
    >>> with printoptions(precision=2) as opts:
    ...      assert_equal(opts, np.get_printoptions())

    See Also
    --------
    set_printoptions, get_printoptions
    """
    opts = np.get_printoptions()

    # ignore any keyword args that are not valid in this version of numpy
    # e.g. numpy <=1.13 does not have the 'floatmode' option
    kw_opts = dict((key, val) for key, val in kwds.items() if key in opts)

    try:
        np.set_printoptions(*args, **kw_opts)
        yield np.get_printoptions()
    finally:
        np.set_printoptions(**opts)


def do_nothing_context():
    """
    Do nothing.

    Useful when you have a block of code that only requires a context manager sometimes,
    and you don't want to repeat the context managed block.

    Returns
    -------
    contextmanager
        A do nothing context manager.
    """
    def nothing():
        yield None

    return contextmanager(nothing)()


def remove_whitespace(s, right=False, left=False):
    """
    Remove white-space characters from the given string.

    If neither right nor left is specified (the default),
    then all white-space is removed.

    Parameters
    ----------
    s : str
        The string to be modified.
    right : bool
        If True, remove white-space from the end of the string.
    left : bool
        If True, remove white-space from the beginning of the string.

    Returns
    -------
    str
        The string with white-space removed.
    """
    if not left and not right:
        return re.sub(r"\s+", "", s, flags=re.UNICODE)
    elif right and left:
        return re.sub(r"^\s+|\s+$", "", s, flags=re.UNICODE)
    elif right:
        return re.sub(r"\s+$", "", s, flags=re.UNICODE)
    else:  # left
        return re.sub(r"^\s+", "", s, flags=re.UNICODE)


_badtab = r'`~@#$%^&*()[]{}-+=|\/?<>,.:;'
_transtab = str.maketrans(_badtab, '_' * len(_badtab))


def str2valid_python_name(s):
    """
    Translate a given string into a valid python variable name.

    Parameters
    ----------
    s : str
        The string to be translated.

    Returns
    -------
    str
        The valid python name string.
    """
    return s.translate(_transtab)


_container_classes = (list, tuple, set)


def make_serializable(o):
    """
    Recursively convert numpy types to native types for JSON serialization.

    This function should NOT be passed into json.dump or json.dumps as the 'default' arg.

    Parameters
    ----------
    o : object
        the object to be converted

    Returns
    -------
    object
        The converted object.
    """
    if isinstance(o, _container_classes):
        return [make_serializable(item) for item in o]
    elif isinstance(o, dict):
        s_key = [make_serializable_key(item) for item in o.keys()]
        s_val = [make_serializable(item) for item in o.values()]
        return dict(zip(s_key, s_val))
    elif isinstance(o, np.ndarray):
        return o.tolist()
    elif isinstance(o, np.number):
        return o.item()
    elif isinstance(o, (str, float, int)):
        return o
    elif isinstance(o, bool) or isinstance(o, complex):
        return str(o)
    elif hasattr(o, '__dict__'):
        return o.__class__.__name__
    else:
        return o


def make_serializable_key(o):
    """
    Recursively convert numpy types to native types for JSON serialization.

    This function is for making serizializable dictionary keys, so no containers.
    This function should NOT be passed into json.dump or json.dumps as the 'default' arg.

    Parameters
    ----------
    o : object
        the object to be converted

    Returns
    -------
    object
        The converted object.
    """
    if isinstance(o, str):
        return o
    elif isinstance(o, np.number):
        return o.item()
    elif hasattr(o, '__dict__'):
        return o.__class__.__name__
    else:
        return str(o)


def default_noraise(o):
    """
    Try to convert some extra types during JSON serialization.

    This is intended to be passed to json.dump or json.dumps as the 'default' arg.  It will
    attempt to convert values if possible, but if no conversion works, will return
    'unserializable object (<type>)' instead of raising a TypeError.

    Parameters
    ----------
    o : object
        the object to be converted

    Returns
    -------
    object
        The converted object.
    """
    if isinstance(o, _container_classes):
        return [default_noraise(item) for item in o]
    elif isinstance(o, dict):
        s_key = [make_serializable_key(item) for item in o.keys()]
        s_val = [default_noraise(item) for item in o.values()]
        return dict(zip(s_key, s_val))
    elif isinstance(o, np.ndarray):
        return o.tolist()
    elif isinstance(o, np.number):
        return o.item()
    elif isinstance(o, (str, float, int)):
        return o
    elif isinstance(o, bool) or isinstance(o, complex):
        return str(o)
    elif hasattr(o, '__dict__'):
        return o.__class__.__name__
    elif o is None:
        return None
    else:
        return f"unserializable object ({type(o).__name__})"


def make_set(str_data, name=None):
    """
    Construct a set containing the specified character strings.

    Parameters
    ----------
    str_data : None, str, or list of strs
        Character string(s) to be included in the set.

    name : str, optional
        A name to be used in error messages.

    Returns
    -------
    set
        A set of character strings.
    """
    if not str_data:
        return set()
    elif isinstance(str_data, str):
        return {str_data}
    elif isinstance(str_data, (set, list)):

        for item in str_data:
            if not isinstance(item, str):
                typ = type(item).__name__
                msg = f"Items in tags should be of type string, but type '{typ}' was found."
                raise TypeError(msg)

        if isinstance(str_data, set):
            return str_data
        elif isinstance(str_data, list):
            return set(str_data)

    elif name:
        raise TypeError("The {} argument should be str, set, or list: {}".format(name, str_data))
    else:
        raise TypeError("The argument should be str, set, or list: {}".format(str_data))


def match_includes_excludes(name, includes=None, excludes=None):
    """
    Check to see if the variable names pass through the includes and excludes filter.

    Parameters
    ----------
    name : str
        Name to be checked for match.
    includes : iter of str or None
        Glob patterns for name to include in the filtering.  None, the default, means
        include all.
    excludes : iter of str or None
        Glob patterns for name to exclude in the filtering.

    Returns
    -------
    bool
        Return True if the name passes through the filtering of includes and excludes.
    """
    # Process excludes
    if excludes is not None:
        for pattern in excludes:
            if fnmatchcase(name, pattern):
                return False

    # Process includes
    if includes is None:
        return True
    else:
        for pattern in includes:
            if fnmatchcase(name, pattern):
                return True

    return False


def match_prom_or_abs(name, prom_name, includes=None, excludes=None):
    """
    Check to see if the variable names pass through the includes and excludes filter.

    Parameters
    ----------
    name : str
        Unpromoted variable name to be checked for match.
    prom_name : str
        Promoted variable name to be checked for match.
    includes : iter of str or None
        Glob patterns for name to include in the filtering.  None, the default, means
        to include all.
    excludes : iter of str or None
        Glob patterns for name to exclude in the filtering.

    Returns
    -------
    bool
        Return True if the name passes through the filtering of includes and excludes.
    """
    diff = name != prom_name

    # Process excludes
    if excludes is not None:
        for pattern in excludes:
            if fnmatchcase(name, pattern) or (diff and fnmatchcase(prom_name, pattern)):
                return False

    # Process includes
    if includes is None:
        return True
    else:
        for pattern in includes:
            if fnmatchcase(name, pattern) or (diff and fnmatchcase(prom_name, pattern)):
                return True

    return False


def env_truthy(env_var):
    """
    Return True if the given environment variable is 'truthy'.

    Parameters
    ----------
    env_var : str
        The name of the environment variable.

    Returns
    -------
    bool
        True if the specified environment variable is 'truthy'.
    """
    return os.environ.get(env_var, '0').lower() not in ('0', 'false', 'no', '')


def common_subpath(pathnames):
    """
    Return the common dotted subpath found in all of the given dotted pathnames.

    Parameters
    ----------
    pathnames : iter of str
        Dotted pathnames of systems.

    Returns
    -------
    str
        Common dotted subpath.  Returns '' if no common subpath is found.
    """
    if len(pathnames) == 1:
        return pathnames[0]

    if pathnames:
        npaths = len(pathnames)
        splits = [p.split('.') for p in pathnames]
        minlen = np.min([len(s) for s in splits])
        for common_loc in range(minlen):
            p0 = splits[0][common_loc]
            for i in range(1, npaths):
                if p0 != splits[i][common_loc]:
                    break
            else:
                continue
            break
        else:
            common_loc += 1

        return '.'.join(splits[0][:common_loc])

    return ''


def _is_slicer_op(indices):
    """
    Check if an array of indices contains a colon or ellipsis operator.

    Parameters
    ----------
    indices : ndarray
        Indices to check.

    Returns
    -------
    bool
        Returns True if indices contains a colon or ellipsis operator.
    """
    if isinstance(indices, tuple):
        return any(isinstance(i, slice) or i is ... for i in indices)

    return isinstance(indices, slice)


def _slice_indices(slicer, arr_size, arr_shape):
    """
    Return an index array based on a slice or slice tuple and the array size and shape.

    Parameters
    ----------
    slicer : slice or tuple containing slices
        Slice object to slice array
    arr_size : int
        Size of output array
    arr_shape : tuple
        Tuple of output array shape

    Returns
    -------
    array
        Returns the sliced indices.
    """
    if isinstance(slicer, slice):
        # for a simple slice we can use less memory
        start, stop, step = slicer.start, slicer.stop, slicer.step
        if start is None:
            start = 0
        if stop is None:
            stop = arr_size
        if step is None:
            step = 1
        return np.arange(start, stop, step, dtype=INT_DTYPE).reshape(arr_shape)
    else:
        return np.arange(arr_size, dtype=INT_DTYPE).reshape(arr_shape)[slicer]


def _prom2ivc_src_name_iter(prom_dict):
    """
    Yield keys from prom_dict with promoted input names converted to ivc source names.

    Parameters
    ----------
    prom_dict : dict
        Original dict with some promoted paths.

    Yields
    ------
    str
        name
    """
    for name, meta in prom_dict.items():
        if meta['ivc_source'] is not None:
            yield meta['ivc_source']
        else:
            yield name


def _prom2ivc_src_item_iter(prom_dict):
    """
    Yield items from prom_dict with promoted input names converted to ivc source names.

    The result is that all names are absolute.

    Parameters
    ----------
    prom_dict : dict
        Original dict with some promoted paths.

    Yields
    ------
    tuple
        name, metadata
    """
    for name, meta in prom_dict.items():
        if meta['ivc_source'] is not None:
            yield meta['ivc_source'], meta
        else:
            yield name, meta


def _prom2ivc_src_dict(prom_dict):
    """
    Convert a dictionary with promoted input names into one with ivc source names.

    Parameters
    ----------
    prom_dict : dict
        Original dict with some promoted paths.

    Returns
    -------
    dict
        New dict with ivc source pathnames.
    """
    return {name: meta for name, meta in _prom2ivc_src_item_iter(prom_dict)}


def convert_src_inds(parent_src_inds, parent_src_shape, my_src_inds, my_src_shape):
    """
    Compute lower level src_indices based on parent src_indices.

    Parameters
    ----------
    parent_src_inds : ndarray
        Parent src_indices.
    parent_src_shape : tuple
        Shape of source expected by parent.
    my_src_inds : ndarray or fancy index
        src_indices at the current system level, before conversion.
    my_src_shape : tuple
        Expected source shape at the current system level.

    Returns
    -------
    ndarray
        Final src_indices based on those of the parent.
    """
    if parent_src_inds is None:
        return my_src_inds
    elif my_src_inds is None:
        return parent_src_inds
    if isinstance(my_src_inds, tuple):
        ndims = len(my_src_inds)
    elif isinstance(my_src_inds, np.ndarray):
        ndims = my_src_inds.ndim
    else:  # slice
        ndims = 1
    if _is_slicer_op(parent_src_inds):
        parent_src_inds = _slice_indices(parent_src_inds, np.prod(parent_src_shape),
                                         parent_src_shape)
    if ndims == 1:
        return parent_src_inds.ravel()[my_src_inds]
    else:
        return parent_src_inds.reshape(my_src_shape)[my_src_inds]


def shape_from_idx(src_shape, src_inds, flat_src_inds):
    """
    Get the shape of the result if the given src_inds were applied to an array of the given shape.

    Parameters
    ----------
    src_shape : tuple
        Expected shape of source variable.
    src_inds : ndarray or fancy index
        Indices into the source variable.
    flat_src_inds : bool
        If True, src_inds index into a flat array.

    Returns
    -------
    tuple
        Shape of the input.
    """
    if _is_slicer_op(src_inds):
        if isinstance(src_inds, slice):
            src_inds = [src_inds]

        for entry in src_inds:
            if entry is Ellipsis:
                shp = np.empty(src_shape, dtype=bool)[src_inds].shape
                if flat_src_inds:
                    return (np.product(shp),)
                return shp

        if len(src_inds) != len(src_shape):
            raise ValueError(f"src_indices {src_inds} have the wrong number of dimensions, "
                             f"{len(src_inds)}, to index into an array of shape {src_shape}")

        ret = []
        full_slice = slice(None)
        for i, dimsize in enumerate(src_shape):
            slc = src_inds[i]
            if isinstance(slc, slice):
                if slc == full_slice:
                    ret.append(dimsize)
                elif (slc.start is None or slc.start < 0 or slc.stop is None or
                      slc.stop < 0 or (slc.step is not None and slc.step < 0)):
                    ret.append(np.empty(dimsize, dtype=bool)[slc].size)
                else:
                    step = slc.step
                    if step in (None, 1):
                        ret.append(slc.stop - slc.start)
                    else:
                        ret.append(1 + (slc.stop - slc.start - 1) // slc.step)
            elif isinstance(slc, Number):
                ret.append(1)
            else:  # list/tuple/array
                ret.append(len(slc))
        return tuple(ret)
    else:
        if src_inds.ndim == 1:
            flat_src_inds = True
        if flat_src_inds:
            return src_inds.shape
        elif src_inds.size > 0:
            dims = src_inds.shape[-1]
        else:
            return (0,)

        if len(src_shape) != dims:
            raise ValueError(f"non-flat src_indices {src_inds} have the wrong number of dimensions,"
                             f" {dims}, to index into an array of shape {src_shape}")
        return tuple(src_inds.shape[:-1])


def shape2tuple(shape):
    """
    Return shape as a tuple.

    Parameters
    ----------
    shape : int or tuple
        The given shape.

    Returns
    -------
    tuple
        The shape as a tuple.
    """
    if isinstance(shape, Number):
        return (shape,)
    elif shape is None:
        return shape
    return tuple(shape)


def get_connection_owner(system, tgt):
    """
    Return (owner, promoted_src, promoted_tgt) for the given connected target.

    Note : this is not speedy.  It's intended for use only in error messages.

    Parameters
    ----------
    system : System
        Any System.  The search always goes from the model level down.
    tgt : str
        Absolute pathname of the target variable.

    Returns
    -------
    tuple
        (owning group, promoted source name, promoted target name)
    """
    from openmdao.core.group import Group

    model = system._problem_meta['model_ref']()
    src = model._conn_global_abs_in2out[tgt]

    if model._var_allprocs_abs2prom['input'][tgt] != model._var_allprocs_abs2prom['output'][src]:
        # connection is explicit
        for g in model.system_iter(include_self=True, recurse=True, typ=Group):
            if g._manual_connections:
                tprom = g._var_allprocs_abs2prom['input'][tgt]
                if tprom in g._manual_connections:
                    return g.pathname, g._var_allprocs_abs2prom['output'][src], tprom

    return None, None, None