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Contributing

The usual process for adding new examples, making changes or adding corrections is to submit an issue for discussion and initial evaluation of changes or example additions. When there is a consensus at a meeting about the contribution, the issue will be brought forward for voting at the OpenMP Language Committee meetings and you will be asked to submit a pull request.

Of course, if your contribution is an obvious correction, clarification, or note, you may want to submit a pull request directly.

The OpenMP Examples document

The OpenMP Examples document is in LaTeX format. Please see the main LaTeX file, openmp-examples.tex, for more information.

Maintainer

OpenMP Examples Subcommittee For a brief revision history, see Changes.log in the repo.

Git procedure

  • Fork your own branch of the OpenMP examples-internal repo
  • Clone your fork locally
  • If you are working on generic or old-version updates, create a branch off main.
  • If you are working on an example for a release candidate for version #.#, create a branch off work_#.#.
    1. git clone --branch <main|work_#.#> https://github.com/<my_account>/examples-internal
    2. git checkout -b <branch_name>
    3. ... add, commit
    4. git push -u origin <branch_name>
    5. make or make diff will create a full-document pdf or just a pdf with differences (do this at any point).
  • git status and git branch -a are your friends
  • Submit an issue for your work (usually with a diff pdf), and then you will be asked to submit a pull request
  • Create a pull request

Processing source code

  • Prepare source code (C/C++ and Fortran) and a text description (use similar styles found in recent examples)
  • Determine the example name <ename>, sequence identifier <seq-id> and compiler suffix <csuffix> for the example
    • The syntax is: <ename>.<seq-id>.<csuffix> (e.g. affinity_display.1.f90)
    • The example name may be a Section name (e.g. affinity), or a Subsection name (affinity_display)
    • If you are creating a new Chapter, it may be the chapter name.
  • New examples are usually added at the end of a Section or Subsection. Number it as the next number in the sequence numbers for examples in that Section or Subsection.
  • The compiler suffix <csuffix> is c, cpp, f, and f90 for C, C++ and Fortran (fixed/free form) codes.
  • Insert the code in the sources directory for each chapter, and include the following metadata:
  • Metadata Tags for example sources: 
      @@name:        <ename>.<seq-no>
  @@type:        C|C++|F-fixed|F-free
  @@operation:   view|compile|link|run
  @@expect:      success|ct-error|rt-error|unspecified
  @@version:     [pre_]omp_<verno>
  @@env:         <environment_variables>
  @@depend:      <source_code_name>
    • name
      • is the name of an example
    • type
      • is the source code type, which can be translated into or from proper file extension (C:c,C++:cpp,F-fixed:f,F-free:f90)
    • operation
      • indicates how the source code is treated. Possible values are:
        • view - code for illustration only, not compilable;
        • compile - incomplete program, such as function or subroutine;
        • link - complete program, but no verification value;
        • run - complete program with verification value.
    • expect
      • indicates some expected result for testing purpose.
        • success means no issue;
        • ct-error applies to the result of code compilation;
        • rt-error is for a case where compilation may be successful, but the code contains potential runtime issues (including race condition);
        • unspecified could result from a non-conforming code or is for code that is viewable only.
    • version
      • indicates that the example uses features in a specific OpenMP version, such as "omp_5.0". The prefix pre_ indicates that the example uses features prior to a specific version, such as "pre_omp_3.0".
    • env
      • specifies any environment variables needed to run the code. This tag is optional and can be repeated.
    • depend
      • specifies a source code file on which the current code depends. This tag is optional and can be repeated.
    • For env and depend, make sure to specify a proper skipping number <s> in the LaTeX macros described below to match with the number of env and depend tags.

Process for text

  • Create or update the description text in a Section/Subsection file under each chapter directory, usually <chap_directory>/<ename>.tex
  • If adding a new Subsection, just include it in the appropriate subsection file (<subsection>.tex)
  • If adding a new Section, create an <section>.tex file and add an entry in the corresponding chapter file, such as Chap_affinity.tex
  • If adding a new Chapter, create a Chap_<chap_name>.tex file with introductory text, and add a new <section>.tex file with text and links to the code. Update Makefile and openmp-examples.tex to include the new chapter file.
  • Commit your changes into your fork of examples-internal
  • Summit your issue at OpenMP Examples internal repo, and include a PDF when ready.
  • Examples subcommittee members can view meeting schedule and notes
  • Shepherd your issue to acceptance (discussed at weekly Examples meeting and in issue comments)
  • When it is in a ready state, you should then submit a pull request.
  • It will be reviewed and voted on, and changes will be requested.
  • Once the last changes are made, it will be verified and merged into an appropriate branch (either the main branch or a working branch).

LaTeX macros for examples

The following describes LaTeX macros defined specifically for examples.

  • Source code with language h-rules
  • Source code without language h-rules
  • Language h-rules
  • Macros for keywords in text description
  • Other macros
  • See openmp.sty for more information

Source code with language h-rules

   \cexample[<verno>]{<ename>}{<seq-no>}[<s>]     % for C/C++ examples
   \cppexample[<verno>]{<ename>}{<seq-no>}[<s>]   % for C++ examples
   \fexample[<verno>]{<ename>}{<seq-no>}[<s>]     % for fixed-form Fortran examples
   \ffreeexample[<verno>]{<ename>}{<seq-no>}[<s>] % for free-form Fortran examples

Source code without language h-rules

   \cnexample[<verno>]{<ename>}{<seq-no>}[<s>]
   \cppnexample[<verno>]{<ename>}{<seq-no>}[<s>]
   \fnexample[<verno>]{<ename>}{<seq-no>}[<s>]
   \ffreenexample[<verno>]{<ename>}{<seq-no>}[<s>]
   \srcnexample[<verno>]{<ename>}{<seq-no>}{<ext>}[<s>]

Optional <verno> can be supplied in a macro to include a specific OpenMP version in the example header. This option also suggests one additional tag (@@version) line is included in the corresponding source code. If this is not the case (i.e., no @@version tag line), one needs to prefix <verno> with an underscore '_' symbol in the macro.

The exception is macro \srcnexample, for which the corresponding source code might not contain any @@ metadata tags. The ext argument to this macro is the file extension (such as h, hpp, inc).

The <s> option to each macro allows finer-control of any additional lines to be skipped due to addition of new @@ tags, such as @@env. The default value for <s> is 0.

Language h-rules

   \cspecificstart, \cspecificend
   \cppspecificstart, \cppspecificend
   \ccppspecificstart, \ccppspecificend
   \fortranspecificstart, \fortranspecificend
   \topmarker{Lang}

The macro \topmarker puts a dashed blue line floater at top of a page for "Lang (cont.)" where Lang can be C/C++, C++, Fortran.

Macros for keywords in text description

A partial list:

  • \kcode{} - for OpenMP keywords, such as directives, clauses, environment variables, API routines. Support direct use of '_' (underscore) and ' ' (space)
  • \scode{} - OpenMP specifier with special chars, such as '$' in "!$omp"
  • \bcode{} - base language keywords (such as ASSOCIATE in Fortran)
  • \vcode{} - values of a keyword, such as TRUE, FALSE, VERBOSE
  • \plc{} - OpenMP concept, such ICV names; \splc{} - escape '_' (underscore)
  • \example{} - example names, such as \example{taskloop_reduction.1}
  • \docref{} - chapter or section name of a document, such as the spec
  • \ucode{} - program variables, procedure names, or expression in examples codes. Support direct use of '_' (underscore) and ' ' (space).
  • \pout{} - program outputs

Examples:

  • \kcode{declare reduction} for declare reduction
  • \scode{!$omp} sentinel, however, \kcode{\#pragma omp}
  • \kcode{map(iterator(\ucode{i=0:n}), tofrom: \ucode{p[i]})} for map(iterator(i=0:n), tofrom: p[i])
  • Fortran \bcode{IMPLICIT NONE} statement
  • The \vcode{VERBOSE} value for \kcode{OMP_DISPLAY_ENV}
  • OpenMP \plc{directives}, the \plc{num-threads} ICV
  • This is an example name \example{taskloop_reduction.1}
  • (\ucode{x,y,z}) argument for procedure \ucode{a_proc_name}
  • structure constructor \ucode{point($\ldots$)}
  • This is a code output "\pout{x = 1}"

Other macros

   \cchapter{<Chapter Name>}{<chap_directory>}
   \hexentry[ext1]{<example_name>}[ext2]{<earlier_tag>}
   \hexmentry[ext1]{<example_name>}[ext2]{<earlier_tag>}{<prior_name>}
   \examplesref{<verno>}
   \examplesblob{<verno/file>}

The \cchapter macro is used for starting a chapter with proper page spacing. <Chapter Name> is the name of a chapter and <chap_directory> is the name of the chapter directory. All section and subsection files for the chapter should be placed under <chap_directory>. The corresponding example sources should be placed under the sources directory inside <chap_directory>.

A previously-defined macro \sinput{<section_file>} to import a section file from <chap_directory> is no longer supported. Please use \input{<chap_directory>/<section_file>} explicitly.

The two macros \hexentry and \hexmentry are defined for simplifying entries in the feature deprecation and update tables. Option [ext1] is the file extension with a default value of c and option [ext2] is the file extension for the associated second file if present. <earlier_tag> is the version tag of the corresponding example in the earlier version. \hexentry assumes no name change for an example in different versions; \hexmentry can be used to specify a prior name if it is different.

The two macros \examplesref and \examplesblob are for referencing a specific version of or a file in the github Examples repository.

License

For copyright information, please see omp_copyright.txt.