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[Ready for Review] fixing typos and minor content additions #18

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merged 12 commits into from
Aug 2, 2019
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions content_development/10_Main_Open_Access_platforms.md
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Expand Up @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ There are a number of different types of platforms or databases when it comes to

The main databases for OA articles and journals are the Directory of Open Access Journals ([DOAJ](https://doaj.org/)) and PubMed Central ([PMC](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/)). In the case of DOAJ, only fully "gold" OA journals are included, whereas PMC also hosts articles from hybrid journals. Databases like this often form the basis for bibliometric studies of the global journal and publishing landscape.

More recently, F1000 have helped to launch several funder-led OA publishing platforms, This includes [Wellcome Oepn Research](https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/), with the Wellcome Trust (UK), and [Gates Open Research](https://gatesopenresearch.org/), with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (USA). These operate very similarly to the F1000 Research platform, with researchers able to publish their work rapidly and with successive rounds of open peer review.
More recently, F1000 have helped to launch several funder-led OA publishing platforms, This includes [Wellcome Open Research](https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/), with the Wellcome Trust (UK), and [Gates Open Research](https://gatesopenresearch.org/), with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (USA). These operate very similarly to the F1000 Research platform, with researchers able to publish their work rapidly and with successive rounds of open peer review.

### European Open Science Cloud

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -47,4 +47,4 @@ Through a range of tools and practical resources, this international, cross-sect

* [**Dimensions**](https://www.dimensions.ai/): A comprehensive database of research grants, publication, patents, datasets, citations, policy documents, clinical trials, and Altmetric scores.

* [**Quality Open Access Market (QOAM)**]: A marketplace for scientific and scholarly journals which publish articles in OA. Quality scoring of the journals in QOAM is based on academic crowd sourcing; price information includes institutional licensed pricing.
* [**Quality Open Access Market (QOAM)**](https://www.qoam.eu/): A marketplace for scientific and scholarly journals which publish articles in OA. Quality scoring of the journals in QOAM is based on academic crowd sourcing; price information includes institutional licensed pricing.
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Expand Up @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Journals which publish OA without charging authors article processing charges (A
> Fun fact: 71% of the 11,001 journals listed in the Directory for Open Access Journals (DOAJ) do not charge APCs (via [Heather Morrison](https://sustainingknowledgecommons.org/2018/02/06/doaj-apc-information-as-of-jan-31-2018/)).

**Black OA**
The growth of what is sometimes referred to as "digital piracy" through large-scale copyright infringement has allowed enabled free access to paywalled literature at a massive scale. One of the key players here is [Sci-Hub](http://www.sci-hub.tw/), a portal that currently hosts arounss 74 million research articles. There is an ongoing debate about the ethical versus legal implications of such websites. A recent study by [Till et al., 2019](https://github.com/OpenScienceMOOC/Module-6-Open-Access-to-Research-Papers/blob/master/Reading%20Material_Open%20Access%20to%20Research%20Papers/Till%20et%20al.%2C%202019.pdf) found that, as a result of global knowledge inequity (i.e., closed access), there was a strong relationship between country of origin and the rate of downloads of medical literature from Sci-Hub.
The growth of what is sometimes referred to as "digital piracy" through large-scale copyright infringement has enabled free access to paywalled literature at a massive scale. One of the key players here is [Sci-Hub](http://www.sci-hub.tw/), a portal that currently hosts around 74 million research articles. There is an ongoing debate about the ethical versus legal implications of such websites. A recent study by [Till et al., 2019](https://github.com/OpenScienceMOOC/Module-6-Open-Access-to-Research-Papers/blob/master/Reading%20Material_Open%20Access%20to%20Research%20Papers/Till%20et%20al.%2C%202019.pdf) found that, as a result of global knowledge inequity (i.e., closed access), there was a strong relationship between country of origin and the rate of downloads of medical literature from Sci-Hub.

[INSERT sci_hub_downloads from Till et al 2019]

Expand All @@ -40,4 +40,4 @@ Or in other words, gratis refers to online access free of charge ("free as in be

A useful tool here is [APCDOI](https://github.com/ryregier/APCDOI) built by Ryan Regier. Users enter a list of DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) and this Python program will determine how many are Gold or Hybrid OA and how much was spent on the article processing charge (APC) for these Gold and Hybrid articles.

Another useful service here is [Unpaywall](http://unpaywall.org/). This is an open database of more than 23 million free scholarly articles, and comes with a handy browser extension that helps you to find freely available versions of paywalled articles. All legally. Similarly to this is the [Open Access Button](https://openaccessbutton.org/) where users can directly request paywalled research articles directly from the authors.
Another useful service here is [Unpaywall](http://unpaywall.org/). This is an open database of more than 23 million free scholarly articles, and comes with a handy browser extension that helps you to find freely available versions of paywalled articles. All legally. Similarly to this is the [Open Access Button](https://openaccessbutton.org/) where users can directly request paywalled research articles directly from the authors.
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion content_development/5_MAIN_Why_is_Open_Access_important.md
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Expand Up @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ In 2017, the World Bank released a [blog post](http://blogs.worldbank.org/voices

* Because OA articles are more visible, they receive anywhere from 25%-250% more citations for OA than Non-OA (NOA) articles in the same journal and year ([Houghton and Sheehan, 2009](http://vuir.vu.edu.au/15221/1/v39_i1_10_-houghton.pdf)).

* Open Access enhances and accelerates the research cycle - where work is published, read, cited and then built upon by other researchers ([Kuri, 2014](http://www.ajms.co.in/sites/ajms2015/index.php/ajms/article/view/329).
* Open Access enhances and accelerates the research cycle - where work is published, read, cited and then built upon by other researchers ([Kuri, 2014](http://www.ajms.co.in/sites/ajms2015/index.php/ajms/article/view/329)).

* By facilitating additional use, OA leads to substantial measurable positive returns on investment returns, in one instance about £58 million to £230 million over 30 years (net present value) ([Beagrie & Houghton, 2014](http://repository.jisc.ac.uk/5568/1/iDF308_-_Digital_Infrastructure_Directions_Report,_Jan14_v1-04.pdf)).

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6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions content_development/6_MAIN_How_does_Open_Access_impact_you.md
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Expand Up @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ There is a direct link between Open Access and you through the additional resear

While there is a clear ethical and more case for OA, communicating the personal impact it can have on individuals helps to leverage intrinsic motivations for researchers. As in, there has to be something in it for them. Thankfully, there is a strong almost universal case for an impact advantage for researchers who choose to publish OA.

For example, a traditional measure of research impact is the number of citations and article receives. [Most studies](https://www.scienceopen.com/collection/996823e0-8104-4490-b26a-f2f733f810fb?0) that have analysed the "Open Access citation advantage" have found that OA articles tend to receive more citations. Again, this is conceptially common sense. If more people can access and read your work, more people can cite your work.
For example, a traditional measure of research impact is the number of citations and article receives. [Most studies](https://www.scienceopen.com/collection/996823e0-8104-4490-b26a-f2f733f810fb?0) that have analysed the "Open Access citation advantage" have found that OA articles tend to receive more citations. Again, this is conceptually common sense. If more people can access and read your work, more people can cite your work.

[ADD OA CITATION IMPACT FIGURES HERE - ERIN'S]

Expand All @@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ If you want to find out more, there is actually a fun side to Open Access! Check

### Are there any potential downsides to Open Access?

Almost non-one disagrees with OA, in principles. However, as with many things there is a divergence between the ideology behind, and the practices of, OA.
Almost no one disagrees with OA, in principle. However, as with many things there is a divergence between the ideology behind, and the practices of, OA.

As with each module, we do not want to pretend like openness is this magical cure to all the problems in academia. There are constant and vigorous debates about all aspects of it, and Open Access is no exception. It is our duty to be honest to you all, and communicate some of the potential barriers and limitations to OA here.

Nicely, some good work has been done on this already. In [2018, Gareth Johnson](https://github.com/OpenScienceMOOC/Module-6-Open-Access-to-Research-Papers/blob/master/Reading%20Material_Open%20Access%20to%20Research%20Papers/Johnson%2C%202018.pdf) looked at the barriers to OA in the UK:

> Notably, while participants represented an array of potential mechanistic, policy or legal blocks, it was the academic community’s knowledge of and attitudes towards OA that were shown to present the greatest obstacles. Despite the endeavours of OA practitioners who were devoted to advocacy, the majority of scholars’ understanding or embrace of openness within research dissemination practice was found to be ‘patchy’, ‘ill-informed’ or ‘confused’.

There is also the fact that often, publishing OA does cost money. We discuss this in detail a lot in SECTION XXXX, and a lot of free alternative routes. However, the reality is often that if you want to publish OA in a specific journal, there will be charges associated with that. Therefore, it is up to you and your authors to be aware of potential funding sources that might be available to you. As well as the options for parallel 'green OA' or self-archiving that the journals permit.
There is also the fact that often, publishing OA does cost money. We discuss this in detail a lot in SECTION XXXX, and a lot of free alternative routes. However, the reality is often that if you want to publish OA in a specific journal, there will be charges associated with that. Therefore, it is up to you and your co-authors to be aware of potential funding sources that might be available to you. As well as the options for parallel 'green OA' or self-archiving that the journals permit.
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Expand Up @@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ In Africa, more than 1 million OA articles are currently available in repositori

African Journals OnLine (AJOL) is the world's largest and preeminent collection of peer-reviewed, African-published scholarly journals. 215 journals out of 521 hosted at AJOL are open access with 75,938 full text articles for download ([Kuchma, 2018](https://github.com/OpenScienceMOOC/Module-6-Open-Access-to-Research-Papers/blob/master/Reading%20Material_Open%20Access%20to%20Research%20Papers/Kuchma%2C%202018.pdf)).

National inititives include the [Algerian Scientific Journal Platform]() (ASJP)
National initiatives include the [Algerian Scientific Journal Platform](https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/) (ASJP), an electronic publishing platform for Algerian scientific journals developed and managed by the [Research Centre on Scientific and Technical Information](http://cerist.dz/index.php/en/) (CERIST).

### Asia

Regional initiaives include [Nepal Journals Online]() (NEPJOL), which provides full text access to more than 11,000 journal articles.
Regional initiatives include [Nepal Journals Online](https://www.nepjol.info/) (NepJOL) is a service to provide access to Nepalese published research, and increase worldwide knowledge of indigenous scholarship. It covers the full range of academic disciplines and provides full text access to more than 17,000 journal articles.

In the Middle East, [Lujano and Khalifa, 2018](https://github.com/OpenScienceMOOC/Module-6-Open-Access-to-Research-Papers/blob/master/Reading%20Material_Open%20Access%20to%20Research%20Papers/Lujano%20and%20Khalifa%2C%202018.pdf) found that "APCs and submission charges is growing trend in low economic countries, for example: Egypt, Sudan, North Africa States, however in high economic countries
like Gulf States the authors get paid when publish a paper in a journal."
Expand All @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ like Gulf States the authors get paid when publish a paper in a journal."

### South America

The last 20 years have seen a number of successful initiatives launched in Latin America. This includes the [Latin American Council of Social Sciences]() (CLASCO), which publishes 'diamond OA' journals, supports repositories, and helps develop OA policies at the institutional and national levels. CLASCO collaborates with the [Scientific Electronic Library Online]() (SciELO), a successful cooperative decentralized platform for electronic publishing of OA scholarly journals.
The last 20 years have seen a number of successful initiatives launched in Latin America. This includes the [Latin American Council of Social Sciences](https://www.clacso.org/) (CLASCO), which publishes 'diamond OA' journals, supports repositories, and helps develop OA policies at the institutional and national levels. CLASCO collaborates with the [Scientific Electronic Library Online](https://scielo.org/en) (SciELO), a successful cooperative decentralized platform for electronic publishing of OA scholarly journals.

A recent study by [Lujano and Khalifa, 2018](https://github.com/OpenScienceMOOC/Module-6-Open-Access-to-Research-Papers/blob/master/Reading%20Material_Open%20Access%20to%20Research%20Papers/Lujano%20and%20Khalifa%2C%202018.pdf) found that only 5% of journals in Latin America charge either APCs or submission charges. The vast majority of OA publications are publicly funded, thanks to initiatives like those above. Latin American journals in DOAJ represent 19% of total amount of journals indexed by June 2018.

Expand All @@ -51,13 +51,13 @@ While the overall state of the scholarly publishing industry is dominated by maj

For example:

* **SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online)**: A comprehensive approach to full OA journal publishing, involving a number of Latin American countries.
* [**SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online)**](https://scielo.org/en): A comprehensive approach to full OA journal publishing, involving a number of Latin American countries.

* **Bioline International**: A non-profit organization dedicated to helping publishers in developing countries; a collaboration of people in the UK, Canada, and Brazil.
* [**Bioline International**](http://www.bioline.org.br/): A non-profit organization dedicated to helping publishers in developing countries; a collaboration of people in the UK, Canada, and Brazil.

* **RePEC (Research Papers in Economics)**: A collaborative effort of over 100 volunteers in 45 countries.
* [**RePEC (Research Papers in Economics)**](http://repec.org/): A collaborative effort of hundreds of volunteers in 101 countries to enhance the dissemination of research in Economics and related sciences.

* **Public Knowledge Project**: Developed the open-source publishing software Open Journal Systems (OJS), which is now in use around the world
* [**Public Knowledge Project**](https://pkp.sfu.ca/): Developed the open-source publishing software Open Journal Systems (OJS), which is now in use around the world.

* [**African Journals Online (AJOL)**](https://www.ajol.info/): AJOL partners with hundreds of journals from all over the African continent, so that African-origin research output is available to Africans and to the rest of the world.

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