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ŠARAL 2.0 - ŠARIŠ ALGORITMIC LENGVIDŽ 2.0

Note: This is the English translation of the original document in Slovak.

My specification is based on a former Šaral presentation (Slovak).

Identifier are composed from lower and uppercase characters, digits and underscores. They can start with a letter or an underscore, such as _?[:letter:]([:digit:][:letter:]_)*.

Key words:

  • furt
  • meňak
  • parcela
  • dimenzion
  • pravda
  • ošaľ
  • skoroošaľ
  • logický
  • skutočné
  • neskutočné
  • numeralio
  • písmeno
  • slovo
  • falda
  • inakši
  • bar
  • paľ do baru
  • vrac še z baru
  • vrac
  • stuj
  • keď
  • potom
  • inak
  • zrob s meňakom
  • od
  • do
  • kým
  • rob
  • ciskaj
  • vežmi
  • sluchaj
  • povidz
  • a
  • alebo
  • ne

Keywords dimenzion a stuj stay in Šaral 2.0 specification preserving backward compatibility with former Šaral specification.

Operators

  • +, -, *, /, :, %
  • a, alebo, ne
  • ==, <, >, <=, >=, <>
  • =
  • []

Data types

  • skutočné numeralio
  • neskutočné numeralio
  • logický
  • písmeno
  • slovo
  • funduš

First 4 types are considered as primitive, first 5 as basic, type funduš as container type.

Trinary logic

Šaral uses Three-valued logic with these values pravda, ošaľ & skoroošaľ. They represent True, False a Unknown in Kleene's logic. That means a condition is only true if all statement have pravda value.

Variable and constants declarations

<modifier> <type> <name>
<modifier> <type> <name> = <value>

<modifier> means, either identifier <name> is a variable (meňak) or a constant (furt). By declaring furt it is required to initialize to some value.

Examples
furt skutočné numeralio pi = 3.14
furt neskutočné numeralio answer = 42
meňak logický big = ošaľ
meňak slovo name
meno = "Ladislav"
meňak písmeno class = 'A'

Array declarations

funduš <type> <name> [dimension]
funduš <type> <name> [dimension]

dimenzion funduš <type> <name> [dimension]
dimenzion funduš <type> <name> [dimension]

It is recommended to use first declaration with funduš. Keyword dimenzion is supported preserving backward compatibilty with first Šaral version. Array dimension must be of type neskutočné numerálio.

Examples
funduš skutočné numeralio šč [3]
meňak neskutočné numeralio N = 42
dimenzion funduš logický fň [N]

Procedures and functions

Šaral supports functions and procedures. Looking from higher perspective they appear to be like black boxes bar (pub) - some things enter inside and sometimes something is returned outside.

bar <name>(<type> <name>, <type> <name>, ...)
	...
	decription, what is going on in a pub
	...


bar <name>(<type> <name>, <type> <name>, ...)
	...
	decription, what is going on in a pub
	...
	vrac <value>

First bar does not return anything, second bar after finishing returns a value, which has the same type as bar. If we want to call services of a pub bar, we do it by calling paľ do baru as a procedure or vrac mi z baru as a function. As an input argument can be used meňak of arbitrary type, bar can only return arbitrary basic type. Input arguments are passed by reference.

External functions

We can call other bars from external environments, which use different languages (types must be the same as in Šaral 2.0). If we want to taste an external bar, we call it by word inakši

inakši bar <name>(<type> <name>, <type> <name>, ...)

inakši <type> bar <name>(<type> <name>, <type> <name>, ...)
Examples
inakši bar neskutočné numeralio puts(slovo s)

bar ZámenaManželiek(neskutočné numeralio A, neskutočné numeralio B)
	A = A + B
	B = A - B
	A = A - B

bar slovo SlovakPub()
	meňak slovo food = "Bryndzove halusky";
	vrac jedlo

meňak slovo halusky
halusky = vrac mi z baru SlovakPub()

meňak neskutočné numeralio X = 500
meňak neskutočné numeralio Y = 600
paľ do baru ZámenaManželiek(X, Y)

Conditions

keď (furt | meňak) == (furt | meňak) potom
	...
inak
	...

keď (logický furt | meňak) potom
	...
inak
	...

The inak part is not required.

Loops

We declare the for-loop like construct as:

zrob s meňakom <name> od (furt | meňak) do (furt | meňak)
	...

variables in loop are in interval <from;to)

While loop:

kým (furt | meňak) == (furt | meňak) rob
	...

kým (logický furt | meňak) rob
	...

I/O

stdin/stdout

To print something on standard output we call ciskaj <name>, where <name> is a meňak or furt. To read from input we call vežmi <name>, where <name> is a meňak, we want to read.