(#1393) Windows keyboard layout: determine parent terminal process an…

…d get the layout from it

PSReadLine/Keys.cs

@@ -156,8 +156,10 @@ internal static void TryGetCharFromConsoleKey(ConsoleKeyInfo key, ref char resul
                 flags |= (1 << 2); /* If bit 2 is set, keyboard state is not changed (Windows 10, version 1607 and newer) */
             }
 
-            var kl = LoadKeyboardLayoutW("00000409", 0); // US English keyboard layout
-            int charCount = ToUnicodeEx(virtualKey, scanCode, state, chars, chars.Length, flags, kl);
+            var layout = WindowsKeyboardLayoutUtil.GetConsoleKeyboardLayout()
+                         ?? WindowsKeyboardLayoutUtil.GetConsoleKeyboardLayoutFallback();
+
+            int charCount = ToUnicodeEx(virtualKey, scanCode, state, chars, chars.Length, flags, layout);
 
             if (charCount == 1)
             {

PSReadLine/WindowsKeyboardLayoutUtil.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Microsoft.PowerShell
+{
+    internal static class WindowsKeyboardLayoutUtil
+    {
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>
+        ///     This method helps to find the active keyboard layout in a terminal process that controls the current
+        ///     console application. The terminal process is not always the direct parent of the current process, but
+        ///     may be higher in the process tree in case PowerShell is a child of some other console process.
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>
+        ///     Currently, we check up to 20 parent processes to see if their main window (as determined by the
+        ///     <see cref="Process.MainWindowHandle"/>) is visible.
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>
+        ///     If this method returns <c>null</c>, it means it was unable to find the parent terminal process, and so
+        ///     you have to call the <see cref="GetConsoleKeyboardLayoutFallback"/>, which is known to not work properly
+        ///     in certain cases, as documented by https://github.com/PowerShell/PSReadLine/issues/1393
+        /// </para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        public static IntPtr? GetConsoleKeyboardLayout()
+        {
+            // Define a limit not get stuck in case processed form a loop (possible in case pid reuse).
+            const int iterationLimit = 20;
+
+            var pbi = new PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION();
+            var process = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
+            for (var i = 0; i < iterationLimit; ++i)
+            {
+                var isVisible = IsWindowVisible(process.MainWindowHandle);
+                if (!isVisible)
+                {
+                    // Main process window is invisible. This is not (likely) a terminal process.
+                    var status = NtQueryInformationProcess(process.Handle, 0, ref pbi, Marshal.SizeOf(pbi), out var _);
+                    if (status != 0 || pbi.InheritedFromUniqueProcessId == IntPtr.Zero)
+                        break;
+
+                    try
+                    {
+                        process = Process.GetProcessById(pbi.InheritedFromUniqueProcessId.ToInt32());
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception)
+                    {
+                        // No access to the process, or the process is already dead. Either way, we cannot determine its
+                        // keyboard layout.
+                        return null;
+                    }
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                var tid = GetWindowThreadProcessId(process.MainWindowHandle, out _);
+                if (tid == 0) return null;
+                return GetKeyboardLayout(tid);
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public static IntPtr GetConsoleKeyboardLayoutFallback()
+        {
+            return GetKeyboardLayout(0);
+        }
+
+        [DllImport("User32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern IntPtr GetKeyboardLayout(uint idThread);
+
+        [DllImport("Ntdll.dll")]
+        static extern int NtQueryInformationProcess(
+            IntPtr processHandle,
+            int processInformationClass,
+            ref PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION processInformation,
+            int processInformationLength,
+            out int returnLength);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
+        [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+        static extern bool IsWindowVisible(IntPtr hWnd);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        static extern uint GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hwnd, out IntPtr proccess);
+
+        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+        private struct PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION
+        {
+            internal IntPtr Reserved1;
+            internal IntPtr PebBaseAddress;
+            internal IntPtr Reserved2_0;
+            internal IntPtr Reserved2_1;
+            internal IntPtr UniqueProcessId;
+            internal IntPtr InheritedFromUniqueProcessId;
+        }
+    }
+}