Add test coverage for logging outside flow run

[serinamarie]

Overview

Adds 4 new tests around the PREFECT_LOGGING_ORION_WHEN_MISSING_FLOW setting to ensure that:

1. a default setting of warn does not raise
2. a setting of warn does not raise
3. a setting of ignore does not raise or warn
4. a setting of error does not warn

Example

Intended to test cases like:

❯ PREFECT_LOGGING_EXTRA_LOGGERS="my-logger" python example.py    
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/mz/dev/prefect/src/prefect/logging/handlers.py", line 279, in emit
    self.get_worker(profile).enqueue(self.prepare(record, profile.settings))
  File "/Users/mz/dev/prefect/src/prefect/logging/handlers.py", line 323, in prepare
    raise MissingContextError(
prefect.exceptions.MissingContextError: Logger 'my-logger' attempted to send logs to Orion without a flow run id. The Orion log handler can only send logs within flow run contexts unless the flow run id is manually provided.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "example.py", line 6, in <module>
    my_logger.info("outside the flow")
  File "/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniconda/base/envs/orion-dev-38/lib/python3.8/logging/__init__.py", line 1434, in info
    self._log(INFO, msg, args, **kwargs)
  File "/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniconda/base/envs/orion-dev-38/lib/python3.8/logging/__init__.py", line 1577, in _log
    self.handle(record)
  File "/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniconda/base/envs/orion-dev-38/lib/python3.8/logging/__init__.py", line 1587, in handle
    self.callHandlers(record)
  File "/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniconda/base/envs/orion-dev-38/lib/python3.8/logging/__init__.py", line 1649, in callHandlers
    hdlr.handle(record)
  File "/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniconda/base/envs/orion-dev-38/lib/python3.8/logging/__init__.py", line 950, in handle
    self.emit(record)
  File "/Users/mz/dev/prefect/src/prefect/logging/handlers.py", line 281, in emit
    self.handleError(record)
  File "/Users/mz/dev/prefect/src/prefect/logging/handlers.py", line 293, in handleError
    warnings.warn(exc, stacklevel=8)
TypeError: expected string or bytes-like object

Checklist

• This pull request references any related issue by including "closes <link to issue>"
  • If no issue exists and your change is not a small fix, please create an issue first.
• This pull request includes tests or only affects documentation.
• This pull request includes a label categorizing the change e.g. fix, feature, enhancement

[netlify]

✅ Deploy Preview for prefect-docs ready!

Name	Link
🔨 Latest commit	9dd3d2f
🔍 Latest deploy log	https://app.netlify.com/sites/prefect-docs/deploys/642c5eae2a36060008d4b2ff
😎 Deploy Preview	https://deploy-preview-8394--prefect-docs.netlify.app
📱 Preview on mobile	Toggle QR Code... Use your smartphone camera to open QR code link.

---

To edit notification comments on pull requests, go to your Netlify site settings.

[github-actions]

This pull request is stale because it has been open 60 days with no activity. To keep this pull request open remove stale label or comment.

[zanieb]

@serinamarie with my suggested changes I do get a failure as expected by reverting the str(exc)

    def handleError(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> None:
        _, exc, _ = sys.exc_info()
    
        if isinstance(exc, MissingContextError):
            log_handling_when_missing_flow = (
                PREFECT_LOGGING_TO_API_WHEN_MISSING_FLOW.value()
            )
            if log_handling_when_missing_flow == "warn":
                # Warn when a logger is used outside of a run context, the stack level here
                # gets us to the user logging call
>               warnings.warn(exc, stacklevel=8)
E               TypeError: expected string or bytes-like object

src/prefect/logging/handlers.py:302: TypeError

FAILED tests/test_logging.py::TestAPILogHandler::test_does_not_raise_when_logger_outside_of_run_context_with_warn_setting - TypeError: expected string or bytes-like object

[zanieb]

I've rebased this onto main let's get it merged.

[zanieb]

See pytest-dev/pytest#10865