Include electricity distribution grid between load and EVs

config.yaml

@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ logging_level: INFO
 
 results_dir: 'results/'
 summary_dir: results
-run: '200126-181-lv-solar3'
+run: '200325-distgrids-ev2'
 
 scenario:
   sectors: [E] # ,E+EV,E+BEV,E+BEV+V2G] # [ E+EV, E+BEV, E+BEV+V2G ]
   simpl: ['']
-  lv: [1.0, 1.125, 1.25, 1.5, 2.0]# or opt
-  clusters: [181] #[90, 128, 181] #[45, 64, 90, 128, 181, 256] #, 362] # (2**np.r_[5.5:9:.5]).astype(int) minimum is 37
+  lv: [1.0]# or opt
+  clusters: [50] #[90, 128, 181] #[45, 64, 90, 128, 181, 256] #, 362] # (2**np.r_[5.5:9:.5]).astype(int) minimum is 37
   opts: ['']  #for pypsa-eur
-  sector_opts: [Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar3]#Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p125-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p25-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p50-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar3]#[Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I]#,Co2L0p2-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p5-3H-T-H-B-I]#,Co2L0p1-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p25-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p5-3H-T-H-B-I]#[Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p125-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p25-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p50-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar3]#,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p25-solar3]#,Co2L0p05-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p20-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p30-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p50-3H-T-H-B-I]#[Co2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0-3H-T-H,Co2L0p20-3H-T-H]   #Co2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0p20-3H-T-HCo2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0p30-3H-T-H,Co2L0p50-3H-T-H] #Co2L-3H,Co2L-3H-T,, LC-FL, LC-T, Ep-T, Co2L-T]
+  sector_opts: [Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar3-dist0,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar3-dist0p25,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar3-dist0p5,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar3-dist1,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar3-dist2]#Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p125-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p25-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p50-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar3]#[Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I]#,Co2L0p2-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p5-3H-T-H-B-I]#,Co2L0p1-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p25-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p5-3H-T-H-B-I]#[Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p125-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p25-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p50-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar3]#,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p25-solar3]#,Co2L0p05-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p20-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p30-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p50-3H-T-H-B-I]#[Co2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0-3H-T-H,Co2L0p20-3H-T-H]   #Co2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0p20-3H-T-HCo2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0p30-3H-T-H,Co2L0p50-3H-T-H] #Co2L-3H,Co2L-3H-T,, LC-FL, LC-T, Ep-T, Co2L-T]
   # Co2L will give default (5%); Co2L0p25 will give 25% CO2 emissions; Co2Lm0p05 will give 5% negative emissions
-
+  #dist{n} includes distribution grids with investment cost of n times cost in data/costs.csv
 
 snapshots:
   # arguments to pd.date_range
@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ sector:
   'hydrogen_underground_storage' : True
   'use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat' : True
   'use_fuel_cell_waste_heat' : True
+  'electricity_distribution_grid' : False
+  'electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor' : 1.0  #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
 
 costs:
   year: 2030
@@ -287,6 +289,7 @@ plotting:
     "solid biomass" : "#DAA520"
     "today" : "#D2691E"
     "shipping" : "#6495ED"
+    "electricity distribution grid" : "#333333"
   nice_names:
     # OCGT: "Gas"
     # OCGT marginal: "Gas (marginal)"

data/costs.csv

@@ -239,3 +239,6 @@ HVDC submarine,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Hagspiel
 HVDC inverter pair,2030,investment,150000,EUR/MW,Hagspiel
 HVDC inverter pair,2030,lifetime,40,years,Hagspiel
 HVDC inverter pair,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Hagspiel
+electricity distribution grid,2030,investment,500,EUR/kW,TODO
+electricity distribution grid,2030,lifetime,40,years,TODO
+electricity distribution grid,2030,FOM,2,%/year,TODO

scripts/prepare_sector_network.py

@@ -524,6 +524,39 @@ def add_wave(network, wave_cost_factor):
               capital_cost=(annuity(25,0.07)+0.03)*costs[wave_type],
               p_max_pu=wave["Hebrides",wave_type])
 
+
+
+def insert_electricity_distribution_grid(network):
+    print("Inserting electricity distribution grid with investment cost factor of",
+          snakemake.config["sector"]['electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor'])
+
+    nodes = pop_layout.index
+
+    network.madd("Bus",
+                 nodes+ " low voltage",
+                 carrier="low voltage")
+
+    network.madd("Link",
+                 nodes + " electricity distribution grid",
+                 bus0=nodes,
+                 bus1=nodes + " low voltage",
+                 p_nom_extendable=True,
+                 p_min_pu=-1,
+                 carrier="electricity distribution grid",
+                 efficiency=1,
+                 marginal_cost=0,
+                 capital_cost=costs.at['electricity distribution grid','fixed']*snakemake.config["sector"]['electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor'])
+
+    loads = network.loads.index[network.loads.carrier=="electricity"]
+    network.loads.loc[loads,"bus"] += " low voltage"
+
+    bevs = network.links.index[network.links.carrier == "BEV charger"]
+    network.links.loc[bevs,"bus0"] += " low voltage"
+
+    v2gs = network.links.index[network.links.carrier == "V2G"]
+    network.links.loc[v2gs,"bus1"] += " low voltage"
+
+
 def add_storage(network):
     print("adding electricity storage")
     nodes = pop_layout.index
@@ -571,7 +604,7 @@ def add_storage(network):
     connector = " -> "
     attrs = ["bus0","bus1","length"]
 
-    candidates = pd.concat([n.lines[attrs],n.links.loc[n.links.carrier == "DC",attrs]],
+    candidates = pd.concat([network.lines[attrs],network.links.loc[network.links.carrier == "DC",attrs]],
                            keys=["lines","links"])
 
     for candidate in candidates.index:
@@ -1095,7 +1128,7 @@ def add_biomass(network):
 
 
     #AC buses with district heating
-    urban_central = n.buses.index[n.buses.carrier == "urban central heat"]
+    urban_central = network.buses.index[network.buses.carrier == "urban central heat"]
     if not urban_central.empty and options["chp"]:
         urban_central = urban_central.str[:-len(" urban central heat")]
 
@@ -1355,17 +1388,17 @@ def add_waste_heat(network):
     print("adding possibility to use industrial waste heat in district heating")
 
     #AC buses with district heating
-    urban_central = n.buses.index[n.buses.carrier == "urban central heat"]
+    urban_central = network.buses.index[network.buses.carrier == "urban central heat"]
     if not urban_central.empty:
         urban_central = urban_central.str[:-len(" urban central heat")]
 
         if options['use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat']:
-            n.links.loc[urban_central + " Fischer-Tropsch","bus3"] = urban_central + " urban central heat"
-            n.links.loc[urban_central + " Fischer-Tropsch","efficiency3"] = 0.95 - n.links.loc[urban_central + " Fischer-Tropsch","efficiency"]
+            network.links.loc[urban_central + " Fischer-Tropsch","bus3"] = urban_central + " urban central heat"
+            network.links.loc[urban_central + " Fischer-Tropsch","efficiency3"] = 0.95 - network.links.loc[urban_central + " Fischer-Tropsch","efficiency"]
 
         if options['use_fuel_cell_waste_heat']:
-            n.links.loc[urban_central + " H2 Fuel Cell","bus2"] = urban_central + " urban central heat"
-            n.links.loc[urban_central + " H2 Fuel Cell","efficiency2"] = 0.95 - n.links.loc[urban_central + " H2 Fuel Cell","efficiency"]
+            network.links.loc[urban_central + " H2 Fuel Cell","bus2"] = urban_central + " urban central heat"
+            network.links.loc[urban_central + " H2 Fuel Cell","efficiency2"] = 0.95 - network.links.loc[urban_central + " H2 Fuel Cell","efficiency"]
 
 
 def restrict_technology_potential(n,tech,limit):
@@ -1457,6 +1490,9 @@ def remove_h2_network(n):
             wave_cost_factor = float(o[4:].replace("p",".").replace("m","-"))
             print("Including wave generators with cost factor of", wave_cost_factor)
             add_wave(n, wave_cost_factor)
+        if o[:4] == "dist":
+            snakemake.config["sector"]['electricity_distribution_grid'] = True
+            snakemake.config["sector"]['electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor'] = float(o[4:].replace("p",".").replace("m","-"))
 
     nodal_energy_totals, heat_demand, ashp_cop, gshp_cop, solar_thermal, transport, avail_profile, dsm_profile, co2_totals, nodal_transport_data = prepare_data(n)
 
@@ -1513,4 +1549,7 @@ def remove_h2_network(n):
                 limit = float(limit.replace("p",".").replace("m","-"))
                 restrict_technology_potential(n,tech,limit)
 
+    if snakemake.config["sector"]['electricity_distribution_grid']:
+        insert_electricity_distribution_grid(n)
+
     n.export_to_netcdf(snakemake.output[0])