feat: adjust brightness and contrast of image (#368)

Closes #289, #291.

### Summary of Changes
Added features for adjusting both brightness and contrast

Co-authored-by: daniaHu <129186516+daniaHu@users.noreply.github.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: daniaHu <s5dahuss@uni-bonn.de>
Co-authored-by: megalinter-bot <129584137+megalinter-bot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Philip Gutberlet <92990487+PhilipGutberlet@users.noreply.github.com>

src/safeds/data/image/containers/_image.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import copy
 import io
+import warnings
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, BinaryIO
 
@@ -273,9 +274,9 @@ def flip_vertically(self) -> Image:
         result : Image
             The flipped image.
         """
-        imagecopy = copy.deepcopy(self)
-        imagecopy._image = self._image.transpose(PIL.Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM)
-        return imagecopy
+        image_copy = copy.deepcopy(self)
+        image_copy._image = self._image.transpose(PIL.Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM)
+        return image_copy
 
     def flip_horizontally(self) -> Image:
         """
@@ -286,9 +287,69 @@ def flip_horizontally(self) -> Image:
         result : Image
             The flipped image.
         """
-        imagecopy = copy.deepcopy(self)
-        imagecopy._image = self._image.transpose(PIL.Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
-        return imagecopy
+        image_copy = copy.deepcopy(self)
+        image_copy._image = self._image.transpose(PIL.Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
+        return image_copy
+
+    def adjust_brightness(self, factor: float) -> Image:
+        """
+        Adjust the brightness of an image.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        factor: float
+            The brightness factor.
+            1.0 will not change the brightness.
+            Below 1.0 will result in a darker image.
+            Above 1.0 will resolut in a brighter image.
+            Has to be bigger than or equal to 0 (black).
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        result: Image
+            The Image with adjusted brightness.
+        """
+        if factor < 0:
+            raise ValueError("Brightness factor has to be 0 or bigger")
+        elif factor == 1:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Brightness adjustment factor is 1.0, this will not make changes to the image.",
+                UserWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        image_copy = copy.deepcopy(self)
+        image_copy._image = ImageEnhance.Brightness(image_copy._image).enhance(factor)
+        return image_copy
+
+    def adjust_contrast(self, factor: float) -> Image:
+        """
+        Adjust Contrast of image.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        factor: float
+            If factor > 1, increase contrast of image.
+            If factor = 1, no changes will be made.
+            If factor < 1, make image greyer.
+            Has to be bigger than or equal to 0 (gray).
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        New image with adjusted contrast.
+        """
+        if factor < 0:
+            raise ValueError("Contrast factor has to be 0 or bigger")
+        elif factor == 1:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Contrast adjustment factor is 1.0, this will not make changes to the image.",
+                UserWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        image_copy = copy.deepcopy(self)
+        image_copy._image = ImageEnhance.Contrast(image_copy._image).enhance(factor)
+        return image_copy
 
     def blur(self, radius: int = 1) -> Image:
         """

tests/safeds/data/image/containers/test_image.py

@@ -242,9 +242,10 @@ def test_should_raise(self) -> None:
 class TestFlipVertically:
     def test_should_flip_vertically(self) -> None:
         image = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/original.png"))
-        image = image.flip_vertically()
-        image2 = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/flip_vertically.png"))
-        assert image == image2
+        image2 = image.flip_vertically()
+        image3 = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/flip_vertically.png"))
+        assert image != image2
+        assert image2 == image3
 
     def test_should_be_original(self) -> None:
         image = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/original.png"))
@@ -255,16 +256,67 @@ def test_should_be_original(self) -> None:
 class TestFlipHorizontally:
     def test_should_flip_horizontally(self) -> None:
         image = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/original.png"))
-        image = image.flip_horizontally()
-        image2 = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/flip_horizontally.png"))
-        assert image == image2
+        image2 = image.flip_horizontally()
+        image3 = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/flip_horizontally.png"))
+        assert image != image2
+        assert image2 == image3
 
     def test_should_be_original(self) -> None:
         image = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/original.png"))
         image2 = image.flip_horizontally().flip_horizontally()
         assert image == image2
 
 
+class TestAdjustContrast:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("factor", [0.75, 5])
+    def test_should_adjust_contrast(self, factor: float) -> None:
+        image = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/contrast/to_adjust_contrast.png"))
+        image2 = image.adjust_contrast(factor)
+        image3 = Image.from_png_file(
+            resolve_resource_path("image/contrast/contrast_adjusted_by_" + str(factor) + ".png"),
+        )
+        assert image != image2
+        assert image2 == image3
+
+    def test_should_not_adjust_contrast(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.warns(
+            UserWarning,
+            match="Contrast adjustment factor is 1.0, this will not make changes to the image.",
+        ):
+            image = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/contrast/to_adjust_contrast.png"))
+            image2 = image.adjust_contrast(1)
+            assert image == image2
+
+    def test_should_raise(self) -> None:
+        image = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/brightness/to_brighten.png"))
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Contrast factor has to be 0 or bigger"):
+            image.adjust_contrast(-1)
+
+
+class TestBrightness:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("factor", [0.5, 10])
+    def test_should_adjust_brightness(self, factor: float) -> None:
+        image = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/brightness/to_brighten.png"))
+        image2 = image.adjust_brightness(factor)
+        image3 = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/brightness/brightened_by_" + str(factor) + ".png"))
+        assert image != image2
+        assert image2 == image3
+
+    def test_should_not_brighten(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.warns(
+            UserWarning,
+            match="Brightness adjustment factor is 1.0, this will not make changes to the image.",
+        ):
+            image = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/brightness/to_brighten.png"))
+            image2 = image.adjust_brightness(1)
+            assert image == image2
+
+    def test_should_raise(self) -> None:
+        image = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/brightness/to_brighten.png"))
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Brightness factor has to be 0 or bigger"):
+            image.adjust_brightness(-1)
+
+
 class TestInvertColors:
     def test_should_invert_colors_png(self) -> None:
         image = Image.from_png_file(resolve_resource_path("image/original.png"))