feat: Maintain tagging in methods inherited from Table class (#332)

Closes #58.

### Summary of Changes

* Overrode methods in `TaggedTable` inherited from `Table` to maintain
tagging.
* Introduced new exceptions to be thrown when the overriden method
cannot be applied
* Added tests.

---------

Co-authored-by: megalinter-bot <129584137+megalinter-bot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Gréus <alexgreus51@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander <47296670+Marsmaennchen221@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: patrikguempel <patrikguempel@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Simon Breuer <86068340+sibre28@users.noreply.github.com>

src/safeds/data/tabular/containers/_table.py

@@ -797,6 +797,22 @@ def summary(self) -> Table:
     # Transformations
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+    # This method is meant as a way to "cast" instances of subclasses of `Table` to a proper `Table`, dropping any
+    # additional constraints that might have to hold in the subclass.
+    # Override accordingly in subclasses.
+    def _as_table(self: Table) -> Table:
+        """
+        Transform the table to an instance of the Table class.
+
+        The original table is not modified.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        table: Table
+            The table, as an instance of the Table class.
+        """
+        return self
+
     def add_column(self, column: Column) -> Table:
         """
         Return the original table with the provided column attached at the end.
@@ -888,8 +904,9 @@ def add_row(self, row: Row) -> Table:
         """
         Add a row to the table.
 
+        If the table happens to be empty beforehand, respective columns will be added automatically.
+
         This table is not modified.
-        If the table happens to be empty beforehand, respective features will be added automatically.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
@@ -1077,6 +1094,8 @@ def keep_only_columns(self, column_names: list[str]) -> Table:
         ------
         UnknownColumnNameError
             If any of the given columns does not exist.
+        IllegalSchemaModificationError
+            If removing the columns would violate an invariant in the subclass.
 
         Examples
         --------
@@ -1120,6 +1139,8 @@ def remove_columns(self, column_names: list[str]) -> Table:
         ------
         UnknownColumnNameError
             If any of the given columns does not exist.
+        IllegalSchemaModificationError
+            If removing the columns would violate an invariant in the subclass.
 
         Examples
         --------
@@ -1158,6 +1179,11 @@ def remove_columns_with_missing_values(self) -> Table:
         table : Table
             A table without the columns that contain missing values.
 
+        Raises
+        ------
+        IllegalSchemaModificationError
+            If removing the columns would violate an invariant in the subclass.
+
         Examples
         --------
         >>> from safeds.data.tabular.containers import Table
@@ -1182,6 +1208,11 @@ def remove_columns_with_non_numerical_values(self) -> Table:
         table : Table
             A table without the columns that contain non-numerical values.
 
+        Raises
+        ------
+        IllegalSchemaModificationError
+            If removing the columns would violate an invariant in the subclass.
+
         Examples
         --------
         >>> from safeds.data.tabular.containers import Table
@@ -1331,7 +1362,9 @@ def rename_column(self, old_name: str, new_name: str) -> Table:
 
     def replace_column(self, old_column_name: str, new_columns: list[Column]) -> Table:
         """
-        Return a copy of the table with the specified old column replaced by a list of new columns. Keeps the order of columns.
+        Return a copy of the table with the specified old column replaced by a list of new columns.
+
+        The order of columns is kept.
 
         This table is not modified.
 
@@ -1352,12 +1385,12 @@ def replace_column(self, old_column_name: str, new_columns: list[Column]) -> Tab
         ------
         UnknownColumnNameError
             If the old column does not exist.
-
         DuplicateColumnNameError
             If at least one of the new columns already exists and the existing column is not affected by the replacement.
-
         ColumnSizeError
             If the size of at least one of the new columns does not match the amount of rows.
+        IllegalSchemaModificationError
+            If replacing the column would violate an invariant in the subclass.
 
         Examples
         --------
@@ -1475,7 +1508,7 @@ def sort_columns(
         """
         Sort the columns of a `Table` with the given comparator and return a new `Table`.
 
-        The original table is not modified. The comparator is a function that takes two columns `col1` and `col2` and
+        The comparator is a function that takes two columns `col1` and `col2` and
         returns an integer:
 
         * If `col1` should be ordered before `col2`, the function should return a negative number.
@@ -1519,7 +1552,7 @@ def sort_rows(self, comparator: Callable[[Row, Row], int]) -> Table:
         """
         Sort the rows of a `Table` with the given comparator and return a new `Table`.
 
-        The original table is not modified. The comparator is a function that takes two rows `row1` and `row2` and
+        The comparator is a function that takes two rows `row1` and `row2` and
         returns an integer:
 
         * If `row1` should be ordered before `row2`, the function should return a negative number.
@@ -1695,6 +1728,8 @@ def transform_table(self, transformer: TableTransformer) -> Table:
         ------
         TransformerNotFittedError
             If the transformer has not been fitted yet.
+        IllegalSchemaModificationError
+            If replacing the column would violate an invariant in the subclass.
 
         Examples
         --------