New Image component (2023-04) (#787)

* Creates new Image on top of 2023-04

Co-authored-by: Matt Seccafien <matt.seccafien@shopify.com>

* Adds changeset

* Fix tests

* Builds docs

* update changesets to major

* Update .changeset/thirty-rice-sin.md

Co-authored-by: Matt Seccafien <matt.seccafien@shopify.com>

* fix docs

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Matt Seccafien <matt.seccafien@shopify.com>

* Add default width to  and update docs

* Updates Image component and reverts collection template

* Remove todo from demo store

* simplify collection card image implementation

* Updates changeset

---------

Co-authored-by: Matt Seccafien <matt.seccafien@shopify.com>
Co-authored-by: Daniel Rios Pavia <daniel.riospavia@shopify.com>

.changeset/bright-shrimps-hear.md

@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
 '@shopify/hydrogen-react': major
 ---
 
-Release 2023-04
+Releases 2023-04

.changeset/thirty-rice-sin.md

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+---
+'@shopify/hydrogen-react': major
+'@shopify/hydrogen': major
+---
+
+Adds a new `Image` component, replacing the existing one. While your existing implementation won't break, props `widths` and `loaderOptions` are now deprecated disregarded, with a new `aspectRatio` prop added.
+
+### Migrating to the new `Image`
+
+The new `Image` component is responsive by default, and requires less configuration to ensure the right image size is being rendered on all screen sizes.
+
+**Before**
+
+```jsx
+<Image
+  data={image}
+  widths={[400, 800, 1200]}
+  width="100px"
+  sizes="90vw"
+  loaderOptions={{
+    scale: 2,
+    crop: 'left',
+  }}
+/>
+```
+
+**After**
+
+```jsx
+<Image data={image} sizes="90vw" crop="left" aspectRatio="3/2" />
+```
+
+Note that `widths` and `loaderOptions` have now been deprecated, declaring `width` is no longer necessary, and we’ve added an `aspectRatio` prop:
+
+- `widths` is now calculated automatically based on a new `srcSetOptions` prop (see below for details).
+- `loaderOptions` has been removed in favour of declaring `crop` and `src` as props. `width` and `height` should only be set as props if rendering a fixed image size, with `width` otherwise defaulting to `100%`, and the loader calculating each dynamically.
+- `aspectRatio` is calculated automatically using `data.width` and `data.height` (if available) — but if you want to present an image with an aspect ratio other than what was uploaded, you can set using the format `Int/Int` (e.g. `3/2`, [see MDN docs for more info](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/aspect-ratio), note that you must use the _fraction_ style of declaring aspect ratio, decimals are not supported); if you've set an `aspectRatio`, we will default the crop to be `crop: center` (in the example above we've specified this to use `left` instead).
+
+### Examples
+
+<!-- Simplest possible usage -->
+
+#### Basic Usage
+
+```jsx
+<Image data={data} />
+```
+
+This would use all default props, which if exhaustively declared would be the same as typing:
+
+```jsx
+<Image
+  data={data}
+  crop="center"
+  decoding="async"
+  loading="lazy"
+  width="100%"
+  sizes="100vw"
+  srcSetOptions={{
+    interval: 15,
+    startingWidth: 200,
+    incrementSize: 200,
+    placeholderWidth: 100,
+  }}
+/>
+```
+
+An alternative way to write this without using `data` would be to use the `src`, `alt`, and `aspectRatio` props. For example:
+
+```jsx
+<Image
+  src={data.url}
+  alt={data.altText}
+  aspectRatio={`${data.width}/${data.height}`}
+/>
+```
+
+Assuming `data` had the following shape:
+
+```json
+{
+  "url": "https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0551/4566/0472/products/Main.jpg",
+  "altText": "alt text",
+  "width": "4000",
+  "height": "4000"
+}
+```
+
+All three above examples would result in the following HTML:
+
+```html
+<img
+  srcset="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0551/4566/0472/products/Main.jpg?width=300&height=300&crop=center 300w, … *13 additional sizes* … https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0551/4566/0472/products/Main.jpg?width=3000&height=3000&crop=center 3000w"
+  src="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0551/4566/0472/products/Main.jpg?width=100&height=100&crop=center"
+  alt="alt text"
+  sizes="100vw"
+  loading="lazy"
+  decoding="async"
+  width="100px"
+  height="100px"
+  style="aspect-ratio: 4000 / 4000;"
+/>
+```
+
+#### Fixed-size Images
+
+When using images that are meant to be a fixed size, like showing a preview image of a product in the cart, instead of using `aspectRatio`, you'll instead declare `width` and `height` manually with fixed values. For example:
+
+```jsx
+<Image data={data} width={80} height={80} />
+```
+
+Instead of generating 15 images for a broad range of screen sizes, `Image` will instead only generate 3, for various screen pixel densities (1x, 2x, and 3x). The above example would result in the following HTML:
+
+```html
+<img
+  srcset="
+    https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0551/4566/0472/products/Main.jpg?width=80&height=80&crop=center   1x,
+    https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0551/4566/0472/products/Main.jpg?width=160&height=160&crop=center 2x,
+    https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0551/4566/0472/products/Main.jpg?width=240&height=240&crop=center 3x
+  "
+  src="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0551/4566/0472/products/Main.jpg?width=80&height=80"
+  alt="alt text"
+  loading="lazy"
+  width="80px"
+  height="80px"
+  style="aspect-ratio: 80 / 80;"
+/>
+```
+
+If you don't want to have a fixed aspect ratio, and instead respect whatever is returned from your query, the following syntax can also be used:
+
+```jsx
+<Image data={data} width="5rem" />
+```
+
+Which would result in the same HTML as above, however the generated URLs inside the `src` and `srcset` attributes would not have `height` or `crop` parameters appended to them, and the generated `aspect-ratio` in `style` would be `4000 / 4000` (if using the same `data` values as our original example).
+
+#### Custom Loaders
+
+If your image isn't coming from the Storefront API, but you still want to take advantage of the `Image` component, you can pass a custom `loader` prop, provided the CDN you're working with supports URL-based transformations.
+
+The `loader` is a function which expects a `params` argument of the following type:
+
+```ts
+type LoaderParams = {
+  /** The base URL of the image */
+  src?: ImageType['url'];
+  /** The URL param that controls width */
+  width?: number;
+  /** The URL param that controls height */
+  height?: number;
+  /** The URL param that controls the cropping region */
+  crop?: Crop;
+};
+```
+
+Here is an example of using `Image` with a custom loader function:
+
+```jsx
+const customLoader = ({src, width, height, crop}) => {
+  return `${src}?w=${width}&h=${height}&gravity=${crop}`;
+};
+
+export default function CustomImage(props) {
+  <Image loader={customLoader} {...props} />;
+}
+
+// In Use:
+
+<CustomImage data={customCDNImageData} />;
+```
+
+If your CDN happens to support the same semantics as Shopify (URL params of `width`, `height`, and `crop`) — the default loader will work a non-Shopify `src` attribute.
+
+An example output might look like: `https://mycdn.com/image.jpeg?width=100&height=100&crop=center`
+
+### Additional changes
+
+- Added the `srcSetOptions` prop used to create the image URLs used in `srcset`. It’s an object with the following keys and defaults:
+
+  ```js
+  srcSetOptions = {
+    intervals: 15, // The number of sizes to generate
+    startingWidth: 200, // The smalles image size
+    incrementSize: 200, // The increment by to increase for each size, in pixesl
+    placeholderWidth: 100, // The size used for placeholder fallback images
+  };
+  ```
+
+- Added an export for `IMAGE_FRAGMENT`, which can be imported from Hydrogen and used in any Storefront API query, which will fetch the required fields needed by the component.
+
+- Added an export for `shopifyLoader` for using Storefront API responses in conjunction with alternative frameworks that already have their own `Image` component, like Next.js