[Bugfix:System] Update Docker Hub API to v2

[cjreed121]

What is the current behavior?

We rely on the Docker Hub API version 1 to check if an image is valid. The API has been marked as deprecated and thus does not work anymore.

What is the new behavior?

The Docker interface page uses Docker Hub API version 2 now.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #8517 (69a284f) into main (0e89415) will decrease coverage by 0.49%.
The diff coverage is 0.00%.

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##               main    #8517      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     22.19%   21.70%   -0.50%     
- Complexity     7674     8473     +799     
============================================
  Files           205      205              
  Lines         24186    26075    +1889     
  Branches         70       70              
============================================
+ Hits           5369     5660     +291     
- Misses        18749    20347    +1598     
  Partials         68       68              

Flag	Coverage Δ
autograder	19.22% <ø> (ø)
js	28.47% <ø> (ø)
migrator	99.11% <ø> (ø)
php	20.11% <0.00%> (-0.42%)	⬇️
python_submitty_utils	71.65% <ø> (ø)

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