Consistent coding style

[MarijnS95]

Put a styleguide together covering both formatting (eg. settings for the built in formatter) and syntactical matters.
Below is a list of inconsistencies and changes I've noticed in the project.

Formatting:

• Spaces between keywords and parentheses if ( vs if(.
• Unnecessary (trailing) white space (VS removes this on format).
• Sorting of fields and methods (dependent on access modifiers mostly).
• Use docstrings /// instead of regular (//) comments.
  • If needed, use the right syntax to refer to variables etc.

Syntactical / formatting (mixed):

• Unnecessary use of this.
• Braces around one liners (and ofc method body on a separate line). Single line method expressions are OK too.
• Parens around assignment expressions foo = (bar != none);.
• Unused (and unordered) using statements (VS can fix this as well).
• Unnecessary casts.
• Write field initializers at declaration instead of in the constructor (if applicable).
  public readonly List<string> SomeThings { get; } = new List<string>(); versus assigning it in the contstructor.
• Short notations:
  • Null propagation such as foo = bar ?? cake;.
  • Ternary if statements such as foo = bar < 0 ? bar : foo;.
  • Safe navigation operator var foo = bla?.something;.

Safe code practices:

• As strict as possible access modifiers (to indicate usage and prevent ambiguity):
  • Use static when a method doesn't (need to) touch local variables.
  • const and readonly where possible.
  • public vs internal, with multiple libraries going on this might be a good idea.
  • private on 'unity functions' that should not be called by our code (Awake, Start, etc)
  • Remove private set; when a property is only assigned in the constructor (or directly).
  • sealed classes? I'd say that's out of scope, until we start allowing plugins and such (or build a complete modding framework).
• Check for NRE's everywhere;
• Especially when retrieving datastructures from game-code. The game is constantly in development, and things will change. Defensive programming practices are a must to aid in debugging and correcting these changes later on.

Naming:

• CTS or aliases (Int vs int and so on).
• lowerCamelCase for everything private, UpperCamelCase for everything else?

Other:

• Use of inline functions vs defining a full function with types etc.
• Also applies to lambda notation: private bool cake() => foo != null;.
• Sort Compile items in csproj files; this reduces faulty decisions in merge conflicts.
• Use file-scoped namespace declarations for new code.

And remember, it's not so much a matter of preference as it is a matter of consistency.

[brianpopow]

Most of those rules could be enforced with a stylecop ruleset: https://github.com/DotNetAnalyzers/StyleCopAnalyzers

Violations of those rules would then pop up as warnings (or errors if you like).

If you guys think that this would be useful, i could give it a try.

[ghost]

I could go through the modules one by one and enforce this style.

[Measurity]

We should first discuss code style and create the code style files that visual studio and/or intellij use so they can enforce it. Fixing code style now will just lead to PRs changing it again which would be a waste of time.

[Measurity]

Closing as this got stale and fixing code-style is an ongoing process between the preferences of all Nitrox developers.