What is better than a Pi-hole blocking ads via DNS on your network? That's right, Two Pi-hole! (Redundency is key in any network infrastucture.) But if you have more than one Pi-hole in your network you'll want a simple way to keep the list configurations and local DNS settings identical between the two. That's where Gravity Sync comes in.
Gravity Sync will:
- Sync the allow/blocklist configurations stored in
gravity.dbbetween two Pi-hole - Sync the local DNS settings stored in
custom.listbetween two Pi-hole. - Provide an easy way to keep this happening in the background.
Ideally you set up Gravity Sync and forget about it -- and in the long term, it would be awesome if the Pi-hole team made this entire script unncessary.
Gravity Sync will not:
- Overwrite individual Pi-hole specific settings such as the device's network configuration, admin/API passwords/keys, upstream DNS resolvers, etc.
- Keep DHCP settings or device leases synchronized.
It is suggested that you use an external DHCP server on your network (such as your router) when using multiple Pi-hole.
Gravity Sync is not developed by or affiliated with the Pi-hole project. This is a community effort that seeks to implement replication, which is currently not a part of the core Pi-hole product. The code has been well tested across multiple user environments but there always is an element of risk involved with running any arbitrary software you find on the Internet.
- Pi-hole 5.0 (or higher) be installed on at least two systems, using any of the Linux distros that Pi-hole is certified to run on. Docker deployments of Pi-hole are not supported.
- You will need to make sure that you have passwordless
SUDOenabled for the accounts on both the primary and secondary Pi-hole that will be performing the work. Most of the pre-built images available for the Raspberry Pi already have this configured, but if you have your Pi-hole running in a virtual machine built from a generic ISO, you may need to adjust this manually. - Make sure
SSHandRSYNCare installed on both the primary and secondary Pi-hole prior to installation. This is what does the leavy lifting between your Pi-hole nodes. OpenSSH is reccomended but if you're using a ultra-lightweight Pi distrbution (such as DietPi) that uses Dropbear by default, it should work as well. Other SSH client/server combonations are not supported at this time.
You will want to designate one Pi-Hole as primary and at least one as secondary. The primary Pi-hole is where you'll make most of your configuration changes through the Web UI, doing things such as; manual allow-listing, adding blocklists, device/group management, configuring custom/local network DNS, and other changing other list settings. The secondary Pi-hole(s) are where you will install and configure Gravity Sync.
For more information and for reference architectures, please refer to this document
Starting with version 2.0, Gravity Sync will sync the gravity.db and custom.list files on each Pi-hole with each other. (Previous versions only pulled data one way.)
Login to your secondary Pi-hole, and run:
git clone https://github.com/vmstan/gravity-sync.git $HOME/gravity-syncYou will now have a folder called gravity-sync in your home directory. Everything Gravity Sync runs from there.
Proceed to the Configuration section.
After you install Gravity Sync to your server you will need to create a configuration file called gravity-sync.conf in the same folder as the script.
./gravity-sync.sh configThis will guide you through the process of:
- Specifying the IP or DNS name of your primary Pi-hole.
- Specifying the SSH username to connect to your primary Pi-hole.
- Selecting the SSH authentication mechanism (key-pair or password.)
- Configuring your key-pair and applying it to your primary Pi-hole.
- Testing your authentication method, and testing RSYNC to the primary.
After you've completed your configuration, proceed to the Execution phase.
Now, test Gravity Sync. You can run a comparison between primary and secondary databases, which will be non-distruptive, and see if everything has been configured correctly.
./gravity-sync.sh compareAssuming Gravity Sync runs successfully, it will indicate if there are changes pending between the two databases. If not, make a subtle change to a allowlist/blocklist on your primary Pi-hole, such as changing a description field or disabling a allowlist item, and then running ./gravity-sync.sh compare again to validate your installation is working correctly.
The default command for Gravity Sync is simple.
./gravity-sync.sh
But you can also run ./gravity-sync.sh smart if you feel like it, and it'll do the same thing.
Gravity Sync will perform some checks to help insure success and then stop before making changes if it detects an issue. It will also perform the same compare function outlined above, and if there are no changes pending, it will exit without making an attempt to copy data.
Example: If the gravity.db has been modified on the primary Pi-hole, but the custom.list file has been changed on the secondary, Gravity Sync will now do a pull of the gravity.db then push custom.list and finally restart the correct components on each server. It will also now only perform a sync of each component if there are changes within each type to replicate. So if you only make a small change to your Local DNS settings, it doesn't kickoff the larger gravity.db replication.
This allows you to be more flexible in where you make your configuration changes to block/allow lists and local DNS settings being made on either the primary or secondary, but it's best practice to continue making changes on one side where possible. In the event there are configuration changes to the same element (example, custom.list changes at both sides) then Gravity Sync will attempt to determine based on timestamps on what side the last changed happened, in which case the latest changes will be considered authoritative and overwrite the other side. Gravity Sync does not merge the contents of the files when changes happen, it simply overwrites the entire content.
If the execution completes, you will now have overwritten your running gravity.db and custom.list on the secondary Pi-hole after creating a copy of the running files (with .backup appended) in the backup subfolder located with your script. Gravity Sync will also keep a copy of the last sync'd files from the primary (in the backup folder appended with .pull or .push) for future use.
Finally, a file called gravity-sync.log will be created in the gravity-sync folder along side the script with the date the script was last executed appended to the bottom.
You can check for successful pull attempts by running: ./gravity-sync.sh logs
If you'd like to know what version of the script you have running the built in version checker. It will notify you if there are updates available.
./gravity-sync.sh version
You can then run the built-in updater to get the latest version of all the files. Both the version and update commands reach out to GitHub, so outbound access to github.com is required.
./gravity-sync.sh updateYour copy of the gravity-sync.conf file, logs and backups should not be be impacted by this update, as they are specifically ignored. The main goal of Gravity Sync is to be simple to execute and maintain, so any additional requirements should also be called out when it's executed. After updating, be sure to manually run a ./gravity-sync.sh compare or ./gravity-sync.sh pull to validate things are still working as expected.
You can run a ./gravity-sync.sh config at any time to generate a new configuration file if you're concerned that you're missing something.
- If the update script fails, make sure you did your original deployment via
git cloneand not a manual install. Refer to ADVANCED.md for more details.
Automation of sync is accomplished by adding an execution of the script to the user's crontab file. As Gravity Sync won't make any changes if it doesn't detect a difference to sync, then the impact should be minor to your systems.
./gravity-sync.sh automateSelect the frequency per hour (in minutes) that you'd like to sync and that's it.
Now, make another small adjustment to your primary settings and wait until annointed time to see if your changes have been synchronized. If so, profit! If not, start from the beginning. From this point forward any blocklist changes you make to the primary will reflect on the secondary within the frequency you select.
If you'd like to see the log of what was run the last crontab, you can view that output by running:
./gravity-sync.sh cronKeep in mind if your cron task has never run, you will not see any valid output from this command.
You can verify your existing automation entry by running crontab -l and see it listed at the bottom of the crontab file. If you decide to remove or change your frequency (as of version 1.8.3) you can run ./gravity-sync.sh automate again and pick a new timing, including setting it to 0 to disable automation.
Please review the Advanced Installation guide for more assistance.