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io.go
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// Copyright © 2019 The Things Network Foundation, The Things Industries B.V.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package io
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"sync/atomic"
"time"
"github.com/mohae/deepcopy"
"go.thethings.network/lorawan-stack/v3/pkg/band"
"go.thethings.network/lorawan-stack/v3/pkg/config"
"go.thethings.network/lorawan-stack/v3/pkg/errorcontext"
"go.thethings.network/lorawan-stack/v3/pkg/errors"
"go.thethings.network/lorawan-stack/v3/pkg/frequencyplans"
"go.thethings.network/lorawan-stack/v3/pkg/gatewayserver/scheduling"
"go.thethings.network/lorawan-stack/v3/pkg/log"
"go.thethings.network/lorawan-stack/v3/pkg/ttnpb"
)
const (
bufferSize = 1 << 4
maxRTTs = 20
rttTTL = 30 * time.Minute
)
// Frontend provides supported features by the gateway frontend.
type Frontend interface {
// Protocol returns the protocol used in the frontend.
Protocol() string
// SupportsDownlinkClaim returns true if the frontend can itself claim downlinks.
SupportsDownlinkClaim() bool
}
// Server represents the Gateway Server to gateway frontends.
type Server interface {
// GetBaseConfig returns the component configuration.
GetBaseConfig(ctx context.Context) config.ServiceBase
// FillGatewayContext fills the given context and identifiers.
// This method should only be used for request contexts.
FillGatewayContext(ctx context.Context, ids ttnpb.GatewayIdentifiers) (context.Context, ttnpb.GatewayIdentifiers, error)
// Connect connects a gateway by its identifiers to the Gateway Server, and returns a Connection for traffic and
// control.
Connect(ctx context.Context, frontend Frontend, ids ttnpb.GatewayIdentifiers) (*Connection, error)
// GetFrequencyPlans gets the frequency plans by the gateway identifiers.
GetFrequencyPlans(ctx context.Context, ids ttnpb.GatewayIdentifiers) (map[string]*frequencyplans.FrequencyPlan, error)
// ClaimDownlink claims the downlink path for the given gateway.
ClaimDownlink(ctx context.Context, ids ttnpb.GatewayIdentifiers) error
// UnclaimDownlink releases the claim of the downlink path for the given gateway.
UnclaimDownlink(ctx context.Context, ids ttnpb.GatewayIdentifiers) error
}
// Connection is a connection to a gateway managed by a frontend.
type Connection struct {
// Align for sync/atomic.
uplinks,
downlinks uint64
connectTime,
lastStatusTime,
lastUplinkTime,
lastDownlinkTime int64
lastStatus atomic.Value
ctx context.Context
cancelCtx errorcontext.CancelFunc
frontend Frontend
gateway *ttnpb.Gateway
gatewayPrimaryFP *frequencyplans.FrequencyPlan
gatewayFPs map[string]*frequencyplans.FrequencyPlan
bandID string
fps *frequencyplans.Store
scheduler *scheduling.Scheduler
rtts *rtts
upCh chan *ttnpb.GatewayUplinkMessage
downCh chan *ttnpb.DownlinkMessage
statusCh chan *ttnpb.GatewayStatus
txAckCh chan *ttnpb.TxAcknowledgment
statsChangedCh chan struct{}
locCh chan struct{}
}
var (
errInconsistentFrequencyPlans = errors.DefineCorruption(
"inconsistent_frequency_plans",
"inconsistent frequency plans configuration",
)
errFrequencyPlansNotFromSameBand = errors.DefineInvalidArgument(
"frequency_plans_not_from_same_band",
"frequency plans must be from the same band",
)
)
// NewConnection instantiates a new gateway connection.
func NewConnection(ctx context.Context, frontend Frontend, gateway *ttnpb.Gateway, fps *frequencyplans.Store, enforceDutyCycle bool, scheduleAnytimeDelay *time.Duration) (*Connection, error) {
gatewayFPs := make(map[string]*frequencyplans.FrequencyPlan, len(gateway.FrequencyPlanIDs))
fp0ID := gateway.FrequencyPlanID
fp0, err := fps.GetByID(fp0ID)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
gatewayFPs[fp0ID] = fp0
bandID := fp0.BandID
if len(gateway.FrequencyPlanIDs) > 0 {
if gateway.FrequencyPlanIDs[0] != fp0ID {
return nil, errInconsistentFrequencyPlans.New()
}
for i := 1; i < len(gateway.FrequencyPlanIDs); i++ {
fpn, err := fps.GetByID(gateway.FrequencyPlanIDs[i])
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if fpn.BandID != fp0.BandID {
return nil, errFrequencyPlansNotFromSameBand.New()
}
gatewayFPs[gateway.FrequencyPlanIDs[i]] = fpn
}
}
ctx, cancelCtx := errorcontext.New(ctx)
scheduler, err := scheduling.NewScheduler(ctx, gatewayFPs, enforceDutyCycle, scheduleAnytimeDelay, nil)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &Connection{
ctx: ctx,
cancelCtx: cancelCtx,
frontend: frontend,
gateway: gateway,
gatewayPrimaryFP: fp0,
gatewayFPs: gatewayFPs,
bandID: bandID,
fps: fps,
scheduler: scheduler,
rtts: newRTTs(maxRTTs, rttTTL),
upCh: make(chan *ttnpb.GatewayUplinkMessage, bufferSize),
downCh: make(chan *ttnpb.DownlinkMessage, bufferSize),
statusCh: make(chan *ttnpb.GatewayStatus, bufferSize),
txAckCh: make(chan *ttnpb.TxAcknowledgment, bufferSize),
locCh: make(chan struct{}, 1),
connectTime: time.Now().UnixNano(),
statsChangedCh: make(chan struct{}, 1),
}, nil
}
// Context returns the connection context.
func (c *Connection) Context() context.Context { return c.ctx }
// Disconnect marks the connection as disconnected and cancels the context.
func (c *Connection) Disconnect(err error) {
c.cancelCtx(err)
}
// Frontend returns the frontend using this connection.
func (c *Connection) Frontend() Frontend { return c.frontend }
// Gateway returns the gateway entity.
func (c *Connection) Gateway() *ttnpb.Gateway { return c.gateway }
var errBufferFull = errors.DefineInternal("buffer_full", "buffer is full")
// HandleUp updates the uplink stats and sends the message to the upstream channel.
func (c *Connection) HandleUp(up *ttnpb.UplinkMessage) error {
var ct scheduling.ConcentratorTime
if up.Settings.Time != nil {
ct = c.scheduler.SyncWithGatewayAbsolute(up.Settings.Timestamp, up.ReceivedAt, *up.Settings.Time)
log.FromContext(c.ctx).WithFields(log.Fields(
"timestamp", up.Settings.Timestamp,
"server_time", up.ReceivedAt,
"gateway_time", *up.Settings.Time,
)).Debug("Synchronized server and gateway absolute time")
} else {
ct = c.scheduler.Sync(up.Settings.Timestamp, up.ReceivedAt)
log.FromContext(c.ctx).WithFields(log.Fields(
"timestamp", up.Settings.Timestamp,
"server_time", up.ReceivedAt,
)).Debug("Synchronized server absolute time only")
}
for _, md := range up.RxMetadata {
if md.AntennaIndex != 0 {
// TODO: Support downlink path to multiple antennas (https://github.com/TheThingsNetwork/lorawan-stack/issues/48)
md.DownlinkPathConstraint = ttnpb.DOWNLINK_PATH_CONSTRAINT_NEVER
continue
}
buf, err := UplinkToken(ttnpb.GatewayAntennaIdentifiers{
GatewayIdentifiers: c.gateway.GatewayIdentifiers,
AntennaIndex: md.AntennaIndex,
}, md.Timestamp, ct, up.ReceivedAt)
if err != nil {
return err
}
md.UplinkToken = buf
md.DownlinkPathConstraint = c.gateway.DownlinkPathConstraint
if c.gateway.LocationPublic && len(c.gateway.Antennas) > int(md.AntennaIndex) {
location := c.gateway.Antennas[md.AntennaIndex].Location
if location.Source != ttnpb.SOURCE_UNKNOWN {
md.Location = &location
}
} else if !c.gateway.LocationPublic {
md.Location = nil
}
}
msg := &ttnpb.GatewayUplinkMessage{
UplinkMessage: up,
BandID: c.bandID,
}
select {
case <-c.ctx.Done():
return c.ctx.Err()
case c.upCh <- msg:
atomic.AddUint64(&c.uplinks, 1)
atomic.StoreInt64(&c.lastUplinkTime, up.ReceivedAt.UnixNano())
c.notifyStatsChanged()
default:
return errBufferFull.New()
}
return nil
}
// HandleStatus updates the status stats and sends the status to the status channel.
func (c *Connection) HandleStatus(status *ttnpb.GatewayStatus) error {
select {
case <-c.ctx.Done():
return c.ctx.Err()
case c.statusCh <- status:
c.lastStatus.Store(deepcopy.Copy(status))
atomic.StoreInt64(&c.lastStatusTime, time.Now().UnixNano())
c.notifyStatsChanged()
if len(status.AntennaLocations) > 0 && c.gateway.UpdateLocationFromStatus {
select {
case c.locCh <- struct{}{}:
default:
}
}
default:
return errBufferFull.New()
}
return nil
}
// HandleTxAck sends the acknowledgment to the status channel.
func (c *Connection) HandleTxAck(ack *ttnpb.TxAcknowledgment) error {
select {
case <-c.ctx.Done():
return c.ctx.Err()
case c.txAckCh <- ack:
c.notifyStatsChanged()
default:
return errBufferFull.New()
}
return nil
}
// RecordRTT records the given round-trip time.
func (c *Connection) RecordRTT(d time.Duration, t time.Time) {
c.rtts.Record(d, t)
c.notifyStatsChanged()
}
var (
errNotAllowed = errors.DefineFailedPrecondition("not_allowed", "downlink not allowed")
errNotTxRequest = errors.DefineInvalidArgument("not_tx_request", "downlink message is not a Tx request")
errNoAbsoluteTime = errors.DefineInvalidArgument("no_absolute_time", "no absolute time provided for class B downlink")
errNoGPSSync = errors.DefineFailedPrecondition("no_gps_sync", "gateway time is not GPS synchronized")
errNoRxDelay = errors.DefineInvalidArgument("no_rx_delay", "no Rx delay provided for class A downlink")
errNoUplinkToken = errors.DefineInvalidArgument("no_uplink_token", "no uplink token provided for class A downlink")
errDownlinkPath = errors.DefineInvalidArgument("downlink_path", "invalid downlink path")
errRxEmpty = errors.DefineFailedPrecondition("rx_empty", "settings empty")
errRxWindowSchedule = errors.Define("rx_window_schedule", "schedule in Rx window `{window}` failed")
errDataRate = errors.DefineInvalidArgument("data_rate", "no data rate with index `{index}`")
errTooLong = errors.DefineInvalidArgument("too_long", "the payload length `{payload_length}` exceeds maximum `{maximum_length}` at data rate index `{data_rate_index}`")
errTxSchedule = errors.DefineAborted("tx_schedule", "failed to schedule")
)
// getDownlinkPath returns the downlink path.
// If the path contains an uplink token, the gateway antenna identifiers are taken from the uplink token, and the uplink token is returned.
// If the path is fixed, the gateway antenna identifiers are taken from the fixed path.
// Class A downlink requires the path to provide an uplink token, while class B and C downlink may use a fixed downlink path.
func getDownlinkPath(path *ttnpb.DownlinkPath, class ttnpb.Class) (ttnpb.GatewayAntennaIdentifiers, *ttnpb.UplinkToken, error) {
if buf := path.GetUplinkToken(); len(buf) == 0 {
if class == ttnpb.CLASS_A {
return ttnpb.GatewayAntennaIdentifiers{}, nil, errNoUplinkToken.New()
}
} else {
token, err := ParseUplinkToken(buf)
if err != nil {
return ttnpb.GatewayAntennaIdentifiers{}, nil, err
}
return token.GatewayAntennaIdentifiers, token, err
}
fixed := path.GetFixed()
if fixed == nil {
return ttnpb.GatewayAntennaIdentifiers{}, nil, errDownlinkPath.New()
}
return *fixed, nil, nil
}
// SendDown sends the downlink message directly on the downlink channel.
func (c *Connection) SendDown(msg *ttnpb.DownlinkMessage) error {
select {
case <-c.ctx.Done():
return c.ctx.Err()
case c.downCh <- msg:
atomic.AddUint64(&c.downlinks, 1)
atomic.StoreInt64(&c.lastDownlinkTime, time.Now().UnixNano())
c.notifyStatsChanged()
default:
return errBufferFull.New()
}
return nil
}
var (
errFrequencyPlanNotConfigured = errors.DefineInvalidArgument("frequency_plan_not_configured", "frequency plan `{id}` is not configured for this gateway")
errNoFrequencyPlanIDInTxRequest = errors.DefineInvalidArgument("no_frequency_plan_id_in_tx_request", "no frequency plan ID in tx request")
)
// ScheduleDown schedules and sends a downlink message by using the given path and updates the downlink stats.
// This method returns an error if the downlink message is not a Tx request.
func (c *Connection) ScheduleDown(path *ttnpb.DownlinkPath, msg *ttnpb.DownlinkMessage) (time.Duration, error) {
if c.gateway.DownlinkPathConstraint == ttnpb.DOWNLINK_PATH_CONSTRAINT_NEVER {
return 0, errNotAllowed.New()
}
request := msg.GetRequest()
if request == nil {
return 0, errNotTxRequest.New()
}
var delay time.Duration
logger := log.FromContext(c.ctx).WithField("class", request.Class)
logger.Debug("Attempt to schedule downlink on gateway")
ids, uplinkToken, err := getDownlinkPath(path, request.Class)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
var fp *frequencyplans.FrequencyPlan
fpID := request.GetFrequencyPlanID()
if fpID != "" {
fp = c.gatewayFPs[fpID]
if fp == nil {
// The requested frequency plan is not configured for the gateway. Load the plan and enforce that it's in the same band.
fp, err = c.fps.GetByID(fpID)
if err != nil {
return 0, errFrequencyPlanNotConfigured.WithCause(err).WithAttributes("id", request.FrequencyPlanID)
}
if fp.BandID != c.bandID {
return 0, errFrequencyPlansNotFromSameBand.New()
}
}
} else {
// Backwards compatibility. If there's no FrequencyPlanID in the TxRequest, then there must be only one Frequency Plan configured.
if len(c.gatewayFPs) != 1 {
return 0, errNoFrequencyPlanIDInTxRequest.New()
}
for _, v := range c.gatewayFPs {
fp = v
break
}
}
phy, err := band.GetByID(fp.BandID)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
var rxErrs []errors.ErrorDetails
for i, rx := range []struct {
dataRateIndex ttnpb.DataRateIndex
frequency uint64
delay time.Duration
}{
{
dataRateIndex: request.Rx1DataRateIndex,
frequency: request.Rx1Frequency,
delay: 0,
},
{
dataRateIndex: request.Rx2DataRateIndex,
frequency: request.Rx2Frequency,
delay: time.Second,
},
} {
if rx.frequency == 0 {
rxErrs = append(rxErrs, errRxEmpty)
continue
}
logger := logger.WithFields(log.Fields(
"rx_window", i+1,
"frequency", rx.frequency,
"data_rate_index", rx.dataRateIndex,
))
logger.Debug("Attempt to schedule downlink in receive window")
dr, ok := phy.DataRates[rx.dataRateIndex]
if !ok {
return 0, errDataRate.WithAttributes("index", rx.dataRateIndex)
}
// The maximum payload size is MACPayload only; for PHYPayload take MHDR (1 byte) and MIC (4 bytes) into account.
maxPHYLength := dr.MaxMACPayloadSize(fp.DwellTime.GetDownlinks()) + 5
if len(msg.RawPayload) > int(maxPHYLength) {
return 0, errTooLong.WithAttributes(
"payload_length", len(msg.RawPayload),
"maximum_length", maxPHYLength,
"data_rate_index", rx.dataRateIndex,
)
}
eirp := phy.DefaultMaxEIRP
if sb, ok := phy.FindSubBand(rx.frequency); ok {
eirp = sb.MaxEIRP
}
if fp.MaxEIRP != nil {
eirp = *fp.MaxEIRP
}
if sb, ok := fp.FindSubBand(rx.frequency); ok && sb.MaxEIRP != nil {
eirp = *sb.MaxEIRP
}
settings := ttnpb.TxSettings{
DataRateIndex: rx.dataRateIndex,
Frequency: rx.frequency,
Downlink: &ttnpb.TxSettings_Downlink{
TxPower: eirp,
AntennaIndex: ids.AntennaIndex,
},
}
if int(ids.AntennaIndex) < len(c.gateway.Antennas) {
settings.Downlink.TxPower -= c.gateway.Antennas[ids.AntennaIndex].Gain
}
settings.DataRate = dr.Rate
if lora := dr.Rate.GetLoRa(); lora != nil {
settings.CodingRate = phy.LoRaCodingRate
settings.Downlink.InvertPolarization = true
}
var f func(context.Context, scheduling.Options) (scheduling.Emission, error)
switch request.Class {
case ttnpb.CLASS_A:
f = c.scheduler.ScheduleAt
if request.Rx1Delay == ttnpb.RX_DELAY_0 {
return 0, errNoRxDelay.New()
}
settings.Timestamp = uplinkToken.Timestamp + uint32((time.Duration(request.Rx1Delay)*time.Second+rx.delay)/time.Microsecond)
case ttnpb.CLASS_B:
if request.AbsoluteTime == nil {
return 0, errNoAbsoluteTime.New()
}
if !c.scheduler.IsGatewayTimeSynced() {
rxErrs = append(rxErrs, errNoGPSSync)
continue
}
f = c.scheduler.ScheduleAt
settings.Time = request.AbsoluteTime
case ttnpb.CLASS_C:
if request.AbsoluteTime != nil {
f = c.scheduler.ScheduleAt
settings.Time = request.AbsoluteTime
} else {
f = c.scheduler.ScheduleAnytime
}
default:
panic(fmt.Sprintf("proto: unexpected class %v in oneof", request.Class))
}
em, err := f(c.ctx, scheduling.Options{
PayloadSize: len(msg.RawPayload),
TxSettings: settings,
RTTs: c.rtts,
Priority: request.Priority,
UplinkToken: uplinkToken, // uplinkToken is always present with class A downlink, but may be nil otherwise.
})
if err != nil {
logger.WithError(err).Debug("Failed to schedule downlink in Rx window")
rxErrs = append(rxErrs, errRxWindowSchedule.WithCause(err).WithAttributes("window", i+1))
continue
}
if settings.Time == nil || !c.scheduler.IsGatewayTimeSynced() {
settings.Time = nil
settings.Timestamp = uint32(time.Duration(em.Starts()) / time.Microsecond)
} else {
settings.Timestamp = 0
}
msg.Settings = &ttnpb.DownlinkMessage_Scheduled{
Scheduled: &settings,
}
rxErrs = nil
if now, ok := c.scheduler.Now(); ok {
logger = logger.WithField("now", now)
delay = time.Duration(em.Starts() - now)
}
logger.WithFields(log.Fields(
"starts", em.Starts(),
"duration", em.Duration(),
)).Debug("Scheduled downlink")
break
}
if len(rxErrs) > 0 {
protoErrs := make([]*ttnpb.ErrorDetails, 0, len(rxErrs))
for _, rxErr := range rxErrs {
protoErrs = append(protoErrs, ttnpb.ErrorDetailsToProto(rxErr))
}
return 0, errTxSchedule.WithDetails(&ttnpb.ScheduleDownlinkErrorDetails{
PathErrors: protoErrs,
})
}
err = c.SendDown(msg)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return delay, nil
}
// Status returns the status channel.
func (c *Connection) Status() <-chan *ttnpb.GatewayStatus {
return c.statusCh
}
// Up returns the upstream channel.
func (c *Connection) Up() <-chan *ttnpb.GatewayUplinkMessage {
return c.upCh
}
// Down returns the downstream channel.
func (c *Connection) Down() <-chan *ttnpb.DownlinkMessage {
return c.downCh
}
// TxAck returns the downlink acknowledgments channel.
func (c *Connection) TxAck() <-chan *ttnpb.TxAcknowledgment {
return c.txAckCh
}
// StatsChanged returns the stats changed channel.
func (c *Connection) StatsChanged() <-chan struct{} {
return c.statsChangedCh
}
// LocationChanged returns the location updates channel.
func (c *Connection) LocationChanged() <-chan struct{} {
return c.locCh
}
// ConnectTime returns the time the gateway connected.
func (c *Connection) ConnectTime() time.Time { return time.Unix(0, c.connectTime) }
// StatusStats returns the status statistics.
func (c *Connection) StatusStats() (last *ttnpb.GatewayStatus, t time.Time, ok bool) {
if last, ok = c.lastStatus.Load().(*ttnpb.GatewayStatus); ok {
t = time.Unix(0, atomic.LoadInt64(&c.lastStatusTime))
}
return
}
// UpStats returns the upstream statistics.
func (c *Connection) UpStats() (total uint64, t time.Time, ok bool) {
total = atomic.LoadUint64(&c.uplinks)
if ok = total > 0; ok {
t = time.Unix(0, atomic.LoadInt64(&c.lastUplinkTime))
}
return
}
// DownStats returns the downstream statistics.
func (c *Connection) DownStats() (total uint64, t time.Time, ok bool) {
total = atomic.LoadUint64(&c.downlinks)
if ok = total > 0; ok {
t = time.Unix(0, atomic.LoadInt64(&c.lastDownlinkTime))
}
return
}
// RTTStats returns the recorded round-trip time statistics.
func (c *Connection) RTTStats(percentile int, t time.Time) (min, max, median, np time.Duration, count int) {
return c.rtts.Stats(percentile, t)
}
// Stats collects and returns the gateway connection statistics.
func (c *Connection) Stats() *ttnpb.GatewayConnectionStats {
stats := &ttnpb.GatewayConnectionStats{}
ct := c.ConnectTime()
stats.ConnectedAt = &ct
stats.Protocol = c.Frontend().Protocol()
if s, t, ok := c.StatusStats(); ok {
stats.LastStatusReceivedAt = &t
stats.LastStatus = s
}
if c, t, ok := c.UpStats(); ok {
stats.LastUplinkReceivedAt = &t
stats.UplinkCount = c
}
if c, t, ok := c.DownStats(); ok {
stats.LastDownlinkReceivedAt = &t
stats.DownlinkCount = c
}
if min, max, median, _, count := c.RTTStats(100, time.Now()); count > 0 {
stats.RoundTripTimes = &ttnpb.GatewayConnectionStats_RoundTripTimes{
Min: min,
Max: max,
Median: median,
Count: uint32(count),
}
}
if c.scheduler != nil {
stats.SubBands = c.scheduler.SubBandStats()
}
return stats
}
// FrequencyPlans returns the frequency plans for the gateway.
func (c *Connection) FrequencyPlans() map[string]*frequencyplans.FrequencyPlan { return c.gatewayFPs }
// PrimaryFrequencyPlan returns the primary frequency plan of the gateway.
func (c *Connection) PrimaryFrequencyPlan() *frequencyplans.FrequencyPlan { return c.gatewayPrimaryFP }
// BandID returns the common band ID for the frequency plans in this connection.
// TODO: Handle mixed bands (https://github.com/TheThingsNetwork/lorawan-stack/issues/1394)
func (c *Connection) BandID() string { return c.bandID }
// SyncWithGatewayConcentrator synchronizes the clock with the given concentrator timestamp, the server time and the
// relative gateway time that corresponds to the given timestamp.
func (c *Connection) SyncWithGatewayConcentrator(timestamp uint32, server time.Time, concentrator scheduling.ConcentratorTime) {
c.scheduler.SyncWithGatewayConcentrator(timestamp, server, concentrator)
}
// TimeFromTimestampTime returns the concentrator time by the given timestamp.
// This method returns false if the clock is not synced with the server.
func (c *Connection) TimeFromTimestampTime(timestamp uint32) (scheduling.ConcentratorTime, bool) {
return c.scheduler.TimeFromTimestampTime(timestamp)
}
func (c *Connection) notifyStatsChanged() {
select {
case c.statsChangedCh <- struct{}{}:
default:
}
}