Implement GRAPHITE Attack

[ryan-feng]

Description

Add GRAPHITE attack (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.07088.pdf, https://github.com/ryan-feng/GRAPHITE)

Type of change

Please check all relevant options.

• Improvement (non-breaking)
• Bug fix (non-breaking)
• New feature (non-breaking)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• This change requires a documentation update

Testing

Please describe the tests that you ran to verify your changes. Consider listing any relevant details of your test configuration.

• Tested with notebooks
• Independently tested for correctness
• Test cases added, did not know how to run outside of the PR

Test Configuration:

• OS - Ubuntu
• Python 3.8
• ART version or commit number: f073851
• Torch version 1.7

Checklist

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• My changes generate no new warnings
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #1751 (1444b0b) into dev_1.12.0 (9fa6749) will decrease coverage by 0.02%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

❗ Current head 1444b0b differs from pull request most recent head b3259aa. Consider uploading reports for the commit b3259aa to get more accurate results

@@              Coverage Diff               @@
##           dev_1.12.0    #1751      +/-   ##
==============================================
- Coverage       85.57%   85.55%   -0.03%     
==============================================
  Files             271      271              
  Lines           23048    23048              
  Branches         4103     4103              
==============================================
- Hits            19723    19718       -5     
- Misses           2316     2319       +3     
- Partials         1009     1011       +2     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
art/attacks/evasion/sign_opt.py	86.49% <ø> (ø)
art/estimators/certification/deep_z/pytorch.py	87.50% <ø> (ø)
...certification/derandomized_smoothing/tensorflow.py	85.00% <100.00%> (ø)
art/estimators/certification/abstain.py	90.90% <0.00%> (-9.10%)	⬇️
art/estimators/poison_mitigation/strip/strip.py	94.44% <0.00%> (-5.56%)	⬇️
art/attacks/evasion/boundary.py	92.77% <0.00%> (-1.21%)	⬇️

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 36 alerts when merging c9d55e6 into 520bf0b - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 15 for Unused local variable
• 9 for Unused import
• 8 for Variable defined multiple times
• 2 for 'import *' may pollute namespace
• 1 for Modification of parameter with default
• 1 for Unreachable code

[beat-buesser]

Hi @ryan-feng Thank you very much for your pull request!

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 6 alerts when merging fc3485b into 9b99b6f - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 3 for Unused local variable
• 1 for Unused import
• 1 for Modification of parameter with default
• 1 for Unreachable code

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 8 alerts and fixes 8 when merging fc3485b into 8ccf19e - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 3 for Unused local variable
• 2 for Module is imported more than once
• 1 for Unused import
• 1 for Modification of parameter with default
• 1 for Unreachable code

fixed alerts:

• 5 for Module is imported with 'import' and 'import from'
• 2 for Missing call to `__init__` during object initialization
• 1 for Variable defined multiple times

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 6 alerts when merging fc3485b into 45ca8f8 - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 3 for Unused local variable
• 1 for Unused import
• 1 for Modification of parameter with default
• 1 for Unreachable code

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 1 alert when merging 39a13dd into 45ca8f8 - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 1 for Unreachable code

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 5 alerts when merging 95ba208 into b85bc5d - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 5 for Module is imported more than once

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 5 alerts when merging e9851bc into b85bc5d - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 5 for Module is imported more than once

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 5 alerts when merging 20fb7a4 into b85bc5d - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 5 for Module is imported more than once

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 5 alerts when merging 6ae06f5 into b85bc5d - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 5 for Module is imported more than once

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 5 alerts when merging b3259aa into 9de8f4f - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 5 for Module is imported more than once

[beat-buesser]

Closing this PR because work continues in #1828