Updates for CarliniLInfMethod attack

[beat-buesser]

Description

This pull request updates CarliniLInfMethod by adding perturbation regularisation, creating a new module for optimizers and adding Adam optimizer to replace line search optimisation, and adding searches for optimal maximal perturbation tau and loss scaling constant c to reproduce performance of the original publication's implementation.

Fixes #1374

Type of change

Please check all relevant options.

• Improvement (non-breaking)
• Bug fix (non-breaking)
• New feature (non-breaking)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• This change requires a documentation update

Checklist

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• My changes generate no new warnings
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #1380 (33cf6b1) into dev_1.9.0 (1a8b1cf) will increase coverage by 0.02%.
The diff coverage is 98.95%.

@@              Coverage Diff              @@
##           dev_1.9.0    #1380      +/-   ##
=============================================
+ Coverage      90.53%   90.55%   +0.02%     
=============================================
  Files            233      234       +1     
  Lines          19002    18993       -9     
  Branches        3111     3107       -4     
=============================================
- Hits           17203    17200       -3     
+ Misses          1035     1031       -4     
+ Partials         764      762       -2     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
art/attacks/evasion/carlini.py	94.62% <98.52%> (-0.39%)	⬇️
art/optimizers.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
art/defences/detector/poison/activation_defence.py	84.84% <0.00%> (-0.34%)	⬇️
art/attacks/evasion/boundary.py	93.93% <0.00%> (+1.21%)	⬆️
art/estimators/poison_mitigation/strip/strip.py	100.00% <0.00%> (+5.55%)	⬆️
art/estimators/scikitlearn.py	100.00% <0.00%> (+8.33%)	⬆️
art/estimators/certification/abstain.py	100.00% <0.00%> (+9.09%)	⬆️

[hesseltuinhof]

I have a few questions. Otherwise, the changes look good 👍