effin: Extensible Effects

This package implements extensible effects, an alternative to monad transformers. The original paper can be found at http://okmij.org/ftp/Haskell/extensible/exteff.pdf. The main differences between this library and the one described in the paper are that this library does not use the Typeable type class, does not require that effects implement the Functor type class, and has a simpler API for handling effects.

For example, the following code implements a handler for exceptions:

newtype Exception e = Throw e

runException :: Effect (Exception e :+ es) a -> Effect es (Either e a)
runException = eliminate
    (\x -> return (Right x))
    (\(Throw e) k -> return (Left e))

Compare this to the corresponding code in extensible-effects (http://hackage.haskell.org/package/extensible-effects):

runExc :: Typeable e => Eff (Exc e :> r) a -> Eff r (Either e a)
runExc = loop . admin
  where
    loop (Val x) = return (Right x)
    loop (E u)   = handleRelay u loop (\(Exc e) -> return (Left e))

In particular, effect implementors are not required to do any recursion, thereby making effect handlers more composeable.

Future Work

• Support for GHC 7.6. This will require very extremely heavy abuse of OverlappingInstances, but it can be done.
• Encapsulation of effects. Done.
• Improved exceptions. Currently:
  • The finally function only works with an exception of a single type. Fixed.
  • IO/Async exceptions aren't yet supported.
• Support for effects that require linearity. In particular, any Region effect would be unsafe because there's no way to ensure that effects like Thread aren't used simultaneously. Perhaps this can be achieved with something akin to how the IO monad ensures linearity.