Refactor Participles to not use RegExp for direct precedence checks

[igorschoester]

The participles check direct precedence exceptions via a large RegExp. This caused problems on Windows in certain browsers (Chrome and possibly Opera).
Because the only interesting word in this check is the one before the participle, there is no need for a huge RegExp. See the fix for Polish.

Please apply this to the other languages too.
There are some considerations with where to put this. As the Polish was a hotfix. For exampe: I was thinking about adding the getWords results to the base Participle.

Backstory

See: Yoast/wordpress-seo#11011
Which contains the fix for Polish: #1812

[igorschoester]

Work done in #1910