Completed the Familiarization with Hack Computer assembly language by…

… writing two program i.e. multiplier program and a program to show screen black when key is pressed on keyboard(white screen otherwise)
acharyaSabin11 · Jun 9, 2023 · 6f875f6 · 6f875f6
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diff --git a/projects/week4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/fill/Fill.asm b/projects/week4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/fill/Fill.asm
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+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/04/Fill.asm
+
+// Runs an infinite loop that listens to the keyboard input.
+// When a key is pressed (any key), the program blackens the screen,
+// i.e. writes "black" in every pixel;
+// the screen should remain fully black as long as the key is pressed. 
+// When no key is pressed, the program clears the screen, i.e. writes
+// "white" in every pixel;
+// the screen should remain fully clear as long as no key is pressed.
+
+// Put your code here.
+
+//NOTE: For this program to work, we need to access the R1 register in ram that must store the value 8192
+
+
+//Defining an infinite loop that looks for keyboard input throughout the program
+(INFINITE)
+//Initializing counter to zero
+@R1
+D=M
+@R0
+M=D
+@counter
+M=0
+@KBD
+D=M;
+@LOOPINITBLACK
+D;JGT    
+@LOOPINITWHITE
+0;JMP
+
+(LOOPINITBLACK)
+@SCREEN //loading screen address
+D=A;
+@counter //setting counter to screen address
+M=D;
+
+(LOOPBLACK)
+@counter
+D=M;    //loading address of current memory location of screen
+A=D;    //loading that address into address register
+M=-1    //putting content of that memory to -1 which corresponds to 1111111111111111
+@counter
+M=M+1
+@R0
+D=M-1
+M=D
+@LOOPBLACK
+D;JGT
+@INFINITE
+0;JMP
+
+(LOOPINITWHITE)
+@SCREEN //loading screen address
+D=A;
+@counter //setting counter to screen address
+M=D;
+
+(LOOPWHITE)
+@counter
+D=M;    //loading address of current memory location of screen
+A=D;    //loading that address into address register
+M=0    //putting content of that memory to -1 which corresponds to 1111111111111111
+@counter
+M=M+1
+@R0
+D=M-1
+M=D
+@LOOPWHITE
+D;JGT
+@INFINITE
+0;JMP
+
diff --git a/projects/week4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/fill/Fill.tst b/projects/week4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/fill/Fill.tst
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/04/fill/Fill.tst
+
+load Fill.asm;
+echo "Make sure that 'No Animation' is selected. Then, select the keyboard, press any key for some time, and inspect the screen.";
+
+repeat {
+  ticktock;
+}
diff --git a/...k4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/fill/FillAutomatic.cmp b/...k4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/fill/FillAutomatic.cmp
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+|RAM[16384]|RAM[17648]|RAM[18349]|RAM[19444]|RAM[20771]|RAM[21031]|RAM[22596]|RAM[23754]|RAM[24575]|
+|       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |
+|      -1  |      -1  |      -1  |      -1  |      -1  |      -1  |      -1  |      -1  |      -1  |
+|       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |
diff --git a/...k4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/fill/FillAutomatic.out b/...k4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/fill/FillAutomatic.out
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+|RAM[16384]|RAM[17648]|RAM[18349]|RAM[19444]|RAM[20771]|RAM[21031]|RAM[22596]|RAM[23754]|RAM[24575]|
+|       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |
+|      -1  |      -1  |      -1  |      -1  |      -1  |      -1  |      -1  |      -1  |      -1  |
+|       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |       0  |
diff --git a/...k4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/fill/FillAutomatic.tst b/...k4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/fill/FillAutomatic.tst
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/04/fill/FillAutomatic
+
+// This script can be used to test the Fill program automatically, 
+// rather than interactively. Specifically, the script sets the keyboard
+// memory map (RAM[24576]) to 0, 1, and then again to 0. This simulates the 
+// acts of leaving the keyboard untouched, pressing some key, and then releasing
+// the key. After each on of these simulated events, the script outputs the values
+// of some selected registers from the screen memory map (RAM[16384]-RAM[24576]).
+// This is done in order to test that these registers are set to 000...0 or 111....1, 
+// as mandated by how the Fill program should react to the keyboard events.
+
+load Fill.asm,
+output-file FillAutomatic.out,
+compare-to FillAutomatic.cmp,
+output-list RAM[16384]%D2.6.2 RAM[17648]%D2.6.2 RAM[18349]%D2.6.2 RAM[19444]%D2.6.2 RAM[20771]%D2.6.2 RAM[21031]%D2.6.2 RAM[22596]%D2.6.2 RAM[23754]%D2.6.2 RAM[24575]%D2.6.2;
+
+set RAM[24576] 0,    // the keyboard is untouched
+repeat 1000000 {
+  ticktock;
+}
+output;              // test that the screen is white
+
+set RAM[24576] 1,    // a keyboard key is pressed
+repeat 1000000 {
+  ticktock;
+}
+output;              // test that the screen is black
+
+set RAM[24576] 0,    // they keyboard in untouched
+repeat 1000000 {
+  ticktock;
+}
+output;              // test that the screen is white
+
diff --git a/projects/week4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/mult/Mult.asm b/projects/week4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/mult/Mult.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/04/Mult.asm
+
+// Multiplies R0 and R1 and stores the result in R2.
+// (R0, R1, R2 refer to RAM[0], RAM[1], and RAM[2], respectively.)
+//
+// This program only needs to handle arguments that satisfy
+// R0 >= 0, R1 >= 0, and R0*R1 < 32768.
+
+// Put your code here.
+
+//Initializing sum variable to zero.(Initialization to zero may be optional but i prefer to add it)
+@sum
+M=0
+
+//Jumping to end if the difference of the register R1 and counter is less than or equal to zero.
+//looping for addition
+(LOOP)
+@R1
+D=M
+//if Decremented counter = 0;
+@END
+D;JEQ
+
+
+//loading register R0 From RAM
+@R0
+D=M
+//summing
+@sum
+M=D + M
+//decrementing counter
+@R1
+M=M-1
+//unconditional jump
+@LOOP
+0;JMP
+
+
+//End: infinite loop after saving data to R2 in RAM
+
+(END)
+//putting the sum to register R2 in RAM
+@sum
+D=M
+@R2
+M=D
+//Ending the process via infinite loop
+(INFINITE)
+@INFINITE
+0;JMP
+
diff --git a/projects/week4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/mult/Mult.cmp b/projects/week4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/mult/Mult.cmp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+|  RAM[0]  |  RAM[1]  |  RAM[2]  |
+|       0  |       0  |       0  |
+|       1  |       0  |       0  |
+|       0  |       2  |       0  |
+|       3  |       1  |       3  |
+|       2  |       4  |       8  |
+|       6  |       7  |      42  |
diff --git a/projects/week4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/mult/Mult.out b/projects/week4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/mult/Mult.out
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+|  RAM[0]  |  RAM[1]  |  RAM[2]  |
+|       0  |       0  |       0  |
+|       1  |       0  |       0  |
+|       0  |       2  |       0  |
+|       3  |       1  |       3  |
+|       2  |       4  |       8  |
+|       6  |       7  |      42  |
diff --git a/projects/week4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/mult/Mult.tst b/projects/week4-project4(Assembly Coding Of Hack Computer-Getting Familiarized)/mult/Mult.tst
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/04/mult/Mult.tst
+
+load Mult.asm,
+output-file Mult.out,
+compare-to Mult.cmp,
+output-list RAM[0]%D2.6.2 RAM[1]%D2.6.2 RAM[2]%D2.6.2;
+
+set RAM[0] 0,   // Set test arguments
+set RAM[1] 0,
+set RAM[2] -1;  // Test that program initialized product to 0
+repeat 20 {
+  ticktock;
+}
+set RAM[0] 0,   // Restore arguments in case program used them as loop counter
+set RAM[1] 0,
+output;
+
+set PC 0,
+set RAM[0] 1,   // Set test arguments
+set RAM[1] 0,
+set RAM[2] -1;  // Ensure that program initialized product to 0
+repeat 50 {
+  ticktock;
+}
+set RAM[0] 1,   // Restore arguments in case program used them as loop counter
+set RAM[1] 0,
+output;
+
+set PC 0,
+set RAM[0] 0,   // Set test arguments
+set RAM[1] 2,
+set RAM[2] -1;  // Ensure that program initialized product to 0
+repeat 80 {
+  ticktock;
+}
+set RAM[0] 0,   // Restore arguments in case program used them as loop counter
+set RAM[1] 2,
+output;
+
+set PC 0,
+set RAM[0] 3,   // Set test arguments
+set RAM[1] 1,
+set RAM[2] -1;  // Ensure that program initialized product to 0
+repeat 120 {
+  ticktock;
+}
+set RAM[0] 3,   // Restore arguments in case program used them as loop counter
+set RAM[1] 1,
+output;
+
+set PC 0,
+set RAM[0] 2,   // Set test arguments
+set RAM[1] 4,
+set RAM[2] -1;  // Ensure that program initialized product to 0
+repeat 150 {
+  ticktock;
+}
+set RAM[0] 2,   // Restore arguments in case program used them as loop counter
+set RAM[1] 4,
+output;
+
+set PC 0,
+set RAM[0] 6,   // Set test arguments
+set RAM[1] 7,
+set RAM[2] -1;  // Ensure that program initialized product to 0
+repeat 210 {
+  ticktock;
+}
+set RAM[0] 6,   // Restore arguments in case program used them as loop counter
+set RAM[1] 7,
+output;