refactor: modernize & add checks to Acts::TrackingGeometryBuilder

[benjaminhuth]

After yesterday's chat in the mattermost channel I found it might be worth to refactor this code a bit. Adds the use of std::make_unique and adds some checks with more or less meaningful exceptions.

[stale]

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[github-actions]

📊 Physics performance monitoring for 82defa7

Full report
Seeding: seeded, truth estimated, orthogonal
CKF: seeded, truth smeared, truth estimated, orthogonal
IVF: seeded, truth smeared, truth estimated, orthogonal
Ambiguity resolution: seeded, orthogonal
Truth tracking
Truth tracking (GSF)

Vertexing

Vertexing vs. mu

IVF seeded

IVF truth_smeared

IVF truth_estimated

IVF orthogonal

Seeding

Seeding seeded

Seeding truth_estimated

Seeding orthogonal

CKF

CKF seeded

CKF truth_smeared

CKF truth_estimated

CKF orthogonal

Ambiguity resolution

seeded

Truth tracking (Kalman Filter)

Truth tracking

Truth tracking (GSF)

Truth tracking

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #1656 (bb970dc) into main (fabf9ac) will decrease coverage by 0.01%.
The diff coverage is 33.33%.

❗ Current head bb970dc differs from pull request most recent head 82defa7. Consider uploading reports for the commit 82defa7 to get more accurate results

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1656      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   49.59%   49.58%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         407      407              
  Lines       22600    22601       +1     
  Branches    10305    10307       +2     
==========================================
- Hits        11208    11207       -1     
- Misses       4211     4213       +2     
  Partials     7181     7181              

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
Core/src/Geometry/TrackingGeometryBuilder.cpp	52.38% <33.33%> (-7.62%)	⬇️

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