refactor: Refactor CKF error handling and introduce path limit

[andiwand]

These changes make the path limit more sound in the CKF. Before we did not respect the path limit during target surface propagation which can result in propagation step overflow for loopers.

At the same time I tried to improve the error handling by not aborting the whole propagation in case of an error but keep going on until we handled all branches. This is not fully communicated downstream yet but will still result in error logs we can catch.

Pulled out of #2518

bocked by

• refactor: Refactor loop protection #2535

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #2540 (3bbeb5b) into main (69e2190) will increase coverage by 0.00%.
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.
The diff coverage is 26.08%.

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #2540   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   49.76%   49.77%           
=======================================
  Files         466      466           
  Lines       26323    26329    +6     
  Branches    12095    12100    +5     
=======================================
+ Hits        13100    13105    +5     
+ Misses       4624     4621    -3     
- Partials     8599     8603    +4     

Files	Coverage Δ
...clude/Acts/Vertexing/AdaptiveMultiVertexFitter.ipp	43.87% <33.33%> (-0.21%)	⬇️
...de/Acts/TrackFinding/CombinatorialKalmanFilter.hpp	32.49% <25.00%> (+0.39%)	⬆️

... and 2 files with indirect coverage changes

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[github-actions]

📊: Physics performance monitoring for 3bbeb5b

Full contents

physmon summary

• ✅ CKF truth_smeared
• ✅ IVF truth_smeared
• ✅ AMVF truth_smeared
• ✅ Track Summary CKF truth_smeared
• ✅ Seeding truth_estimated
• ✅ CKF truth_estimated
• ✅ IVF truth_estimated
• ✅ AMVF truth_estimated
• ✅ Track Summary CKF truth_estimated
• ✅ Seeding seeded
• ✅ CKF seeded
• ✅ IVF seeded
• ✅ AMVF seeded
• ✅ AMVF (+grid seeder) seeded
• ✅ Track Summary CKF seeded
• ✅ Seeding orthogonal
• ✅ CKF orthogonal
• ✅ IVF orthogonal
• ✅ AMVF orthogonal
• ✅ Track Summary CKF orthogonal
• ✅ Ambisolver seeded
• ✅ Ambisolver orthogonal
• ✅ Seeding ttbar
• ✅ CKF ttbar
• ✅ Ambisolver
• ✅ Track Summary CKF ttbar
• ✅ AMVF ttbar
• ✅ AMVF (+grid seeder) ttbar
• ✅ Truth tracking (GSF)
• ✅ Truth tracking
• ✅ Particles inital fatras
• ✅ Particles final fatras
• ✅ Particles inital geant4
• ✅ Particles final geant4

[acts-project-service]

✅ Athena integration test results

✅ All tests successful

status	job
🟢	run_unit_tests
🟢	run_ci_tests: ../athena/AtlasTest/CITest/test/ActsWorkflow.sh
🟢	run_ci_tests: ../athena/AtlasTest/CITest/test/ActsValidateTracks.sh
🟢	run_ci_tests: ../athena/AtlasTest/CITest/test/ActsValidateActsCoreSpacePoints.sh
🟢	run_ci_tests: ../athena/AtlasTest/CITest/test/ActsValidateActsSpacePoints.sh
🟢	run_ci_tests: ../athena/AtlasTest/CITest/test/ActsValidateSeeds.sh
🟢	run_ci_tests: ../athena/AtlasTest/CITest/test/ActsValidateOrthogonalSeeds.sh
🟢	run_ci_tests: ../athena/AtlasTest/CITest/test/ActsValidateClusters.sh
🟢	run_ci_tests: ../athena/AtlasTest/CITest/test/ActsPersistifyEDM.sh
🟢	run_ci_tests: ../athena/AtlasTest/CITest/test/ActsKfRefitting.sh
🟢	run_ci_tests: python3 ../athena/Tracking/Acts/ActsGeometry/test/ActsExtrapolationAlgTest.py
🟢	run_ci_tests: python3 ../athena/Tracking/Acts/ActsGeometry/test/ActsITkTest.py
🟢	run_workflow_tests_run4_mc
🟢	run_workflow_tests_run2_mc
🟢	run_workflow_tests_run2_data
🟢	run_workflow_tests_run3_mc
🟢	run_workflow_tests_run3_data