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What is this?
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This is a Bash program for backing up contents of one directory
(source) into another (target). The full paths for the directories
are assigned to variables source_dir and target_dir in the script.

Assigning the correct paths to these 2 variables is the only thing
a user needs to do to make the script work on their Mac.

This program is mainly intended for backups to the iCloud drive. 
The Mac's default backup utility called Time Machine currently
doesn't support backups to iCloud. 

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Important limitation
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The program is known to error out if either one of the directories
contains over 2-3 thousand items. This is because the bash arrays
that hold the contents of directories get overwhelmed at runtime.

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Example of typical use
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Here is an example of a typical use of this program:

You have a folder on your Mac where you keep important files,
such as class notes or important spreadsheets, that you would like
to be able to backup to your iCloud drive. Note, this works best
for a small size directory with less than 2000 files or directories,
not an entire home drive. For backing up your entire drive please
use Mac's backup utility, Time Machine, to backup to a portable
hard drive. The script will backup files in any sub directories. 

You can use this script to make regular backups of this directory
to an iCloud directory with ease, by saving a copy of this script,
making a quick customization for your environment, and then simply
executing the script whenever you feel it's time to back things up.

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How to execute this program?
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1. Download or clone this script ("backup.sh"), or copy and paste its
content in a text file somewhere on your local machine, renaming
it "somename.sh".

2. Using any text editor such as Sublime or Nano, change the value
of 2 variables inside the script - "source_dir" and "target_dir",
located around lines 10-15 in the script, to whatever paths you will
be using. Source refers to the directory you want to backup,
and Target refers to the directory you want to backup to. Normally,
Source would be a directory on your machine and Target would be a
directory on your iCloud drive. I provided examples in the script.

3. Execute the script by opening Terminal and running command:
"bash backup.sh". Please note that if you are not in the same 
directory that the file is located, you will have to include the 
path in the command like so: "bash ~/scripts/backup.sh". 
Also note that if you changed the name of the file, you will have
to provide that name in place of "backup.sh".

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Legal information
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The author of this program is Adilbek Madaminov. For questions, 
contact adilbekm@yahoo.com or by any other means available.
The program was completed on 10/22/2015.

Do not use this script if you are not an advanced computer user. 
If used incorrectly, this program could delete files and you won't
be able to recover them. The author won't be liable for any 
unintended consequences.

This is a free software and comes without any warranty. Personal
use is permitted free of charge. Use of this software for any 
other purpose including commercial purpose is not allowed without
the author's explicit permission.